432 results about "Antibiotic resistance" patented technology

Various aspects and embodiments of the invention are directed to methods and compositions for reversing antibiotic resistance or virulence in and/or destroying pathogenic microbial cells such as, for example, pathogenic bacterial cells. The methods include exposing microbial cells to a delivery vehicle with at least one nucleic acid encoding an engineered autonomously distributed circuit that contains a programmable nuclease targeted to one or multiple genes of interest.

A novel 3' gene trap cassette is described that does not encode a marker conferring antibiotic resistance and can be used to efficiently trap and identify cellular genes. Vectors incorporating the presently 3' gene trap cassette find particular application in gene discovery, the production of transgenic cells and animals, and gene activation.

Antimicrobial peptides enable an alternate approach to developing antimicrobial coatings due to their targeting of the membranes of the bacteria. High specific activity is achieved by orienting the peptides so that the antimicrobial ends of the peptides maximally contact the bacteria. In one embodiment, one end of the peptide is covalently attached directly to the substrate. In another embodiment, the peptides are immobilized on the substrate using a coupling agent or tether. Non-covalent methods include coating the peptide onto the substrate or physiochemically immobilizing the peptides on the substrate using highly specific interactions, such as the biotin/avidin or streptavidin system. The compositions are substantially non-leaching, antifouling, and non-hemolytic. The immobilized peptides retain sufficient flexibility and mobility to interact with and de endocytosed by the bacteria, viruses, and/or fungi upon exposure. Immobilizing the peptides to the substrate reduces concerns regarding toxicity of the peptides and the development of antimicrobial resistance, while presenting substantially all of the peptide at the site of action at the surface of the substrate.

A method for detecting one or more target bacteria in a raw sample where: 1) bacteriophage(s) specific to each target bacterium are added to the raw sample, 2) the test sample is incubated, and 3) the test sample is tested for the presence of each phage in sufficient numbers to indicate the presence of the associated target bacteria in the raw sample. In one embodiment, each phage is initially added to the raw sample in concentrations below the detection limit of the final phage detection process. In another embodiment, the parent phages are tagged in such a way that they can be separated from the progeny phage prior to the detection process. Preferred phage detection processes are immunoassay methods utilizing antibodies that bind specifically to each phage. Antibodies can be used that bind to the protein capsid of the phage. Alternatively, the phage can by dissociated after the incubation process and the sample tested for the presence of individual capsid proteins or phage nucleic acids. The invention can be used to test target bacteria for antibiotic resistance.

A system for the automatic detection and communication of detection of nosocomial infection and/or antimicrobial resistance events in a health care environment includes an input unit that receives nosocomial infection and/or antimicrobial resistance related data, an an event detection machine, and a knowledge discovery unit. The event detection machine sorts and analyzes the nosocomial infection and/or antimicrobial resistance related data to automatically generate alerts for isolates that violate control parameters indicative of a nosocomial infection and/or antimicrobial resistance event and communicates the alert to a user.

A synergistic antimicrobial composition containing at least two kinds of antimicrobial agents, including poly-hexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), stably associated to a material substrate is described. The substrate can take the forms of an anti-infection face mask, medical devices, or surgical instruments.

The invention enables efficient, rapid, and sensitive enumeration of living cells by detecting microscopic colonies derived from in situ cell division using large area imaging. Microbial enumeration tests based on the invention address an important problem in clinical and industrial microbiology—the long time needed for detection in traditional tests—while retaining key advantages of the traditional methods based on microbial culture. Embodiments of the invention include non-destructive aseptic methods for detecting cellular microcolonies without labeling reagents. These methods allow for the generation of pure cultures which can be used for microbial identification and determination of antimicrobial resistance.

Transgenic microbial strains are provided which contain the genes required for PHA formation integrated on the chromosome. The strains are advantageous in PHA production processes, because (1) no plasmids need to be maintained, generally obviating the required use of antibiotics or other stabilizing pressures, and (2) no plasmid loss occurs, thereby stabilizing the number of gene copies per cell throughout the fermentation process, resulting in homogeneous PHA product formation throughout the production process. Genes are integrated using standard techniques, preferably transposon mutagenesis. In a preferred embodiment wherein mutiple genes are incorporated, these are incorporated as an operon. Sequences are used to stabilize mRNA, to induce expression as a function of culture conditions (such as phosphate concentration), temperature, and stress, and to aid in selection, through the incorporation of selection markers such as markers conferring antibiotic resistance.

A robust, automated computational pipeline was used to design a system comprising a microarray for the identification of microorganisms and their antibiotic resistance profiles. This system and methods will facilitate the study of the epidemiology and microbial ecology of antibiotic resistance and be an invaluable tool to rapidly and simultaneously identify organisms and their antimicrobial resistance elements in environmental, food and clinical samples.

The invention relates to a heavy metal lead and cadmium antibiotic-resistant bacterium and a method for strengthening lead and cadmium heavy metals in the vegetable extraction soil, and belongs to the agricultural and environmental pollution treatment technical field. The J62 culture stain is appraised as the Burkholderia sp, has antibiotic resistance to a plurality of heavy metals, in particular to lead and cadmium, respectively reaching Pb<2+>1000mg/L and Cd<2+>2000mg/L. The invention has the characteristics of nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilizing, and can promote the growth of the plant and improve the stress resistance of the plant. The effective living microbial numbers of the liquid preparation are above a billion per millimeter, and the effective living microbial numbers of the solid preparation are 200 millions per gram. When the seeds of the plant are seminated in humid soil containing heavy metals, 10 to 20mL of the bacteria liquid of 10<8> bacteria J62/mLs is inoculated in each grams of soil once or in two times. The invention promotes the growth of the plant, strengthens the enrichment of heavy metal lead and cadmium of the plant, and improves the extraction and recovery efficiency of the plant.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for said inhibition of drug resistance. In one embodiment, said invention provides methods and compositions for said inhibition of antibiotic resistance. The invention generally involves said administration of achaogens, agents that inhibit said mutational process, to inhibit said evolution of drug resistance. Also, described herein are compositions that are suitable for use as achaogens.

An array of nucleic acid probes is described for simultaneously identifying or characterizing a pathotype of a microorganism and detecting antibiotic resistance of said microorganism. Methods are also described for detecting the presence of a microorganism in a sample, as well as determining its pathotype and its antibiotic resistance, using the array.

Pannus-resisting implantable medical devices comprise one or more antimicrobial reservoirs, each such reservoir incorporating antimicrobial substances in predetermined distributions for timed release in vivo. Predetermined distributions of antimicrobial substances incorporated in antimicrobial reservoirs are achieved through use of fluid solvent carriers, which may comprise supercritical fluid solvents. Precipitation of antimicrobial substances from such solvent carriers in predetermined distributions is accomplished through evaporation and/or application of heating, cooling or decreased ambient pressure to the solvent carriers.

Described are probes and methods for detecting pathogens and antibiotic resistance of a specimen. The method comprises contacting the specimen with a growth medium; and lysing the specimen to release nucleic acid molecules from the specimen. The lysate of the specimen is contacted with a capture probe immobilized on a substrate, wherein the capture probe comprises an oligonucleotide that specifically hybridizes with a first target nucleic acid sequence region of ribosomal RNA. The lysate is in contact with a detector probe that comprises a detectably labeled oligonucleotide that specifically hybridizes with a second target nucleic acid sequence region of ribosomal RNA. The presence or absence of labeled oligonucleotide complexed with the substrate is determined. Detection of labeled oligonucleotide complexed with the substrate is indicative of the presence of pathogen. Performing the method in the presence and absence of an antibiotic permits detection of antibiotic resistance.

A novel group of aminoglycosides which share some structural features of currently available aminoglycosides with regard to the backbone, while also having significant structural differences. The similarity enables these aminoglycosides to be highly potent and effective antibiotics, while the significant differences enable these aminoglycosides to reduce or even block antibiotic resistance.

The invention provides a simple and convenient Agrobacterium Tumefacies dual carrier containing double T-DNA structural regions, and a method of using the carrier system to cultivate transgenic rice without resistance selection label. With the help of the principle of co-conversion mediated by root nodule Agrobacterium Tumefacies, the system contains two separate T-DNA structural sections, where the first T-DNA region contains antibiotic resistance selection label gene and the second one contains a universal polyclonal site able to be arbitrarily inserted with destination gene. The double-T-DNA carrier has small molecular weight, easy to clone and after the destination gene and necessary regulation and control series are cloned in the T-DNA region containing the polyclonal site, it realizes rice co-conversion; by selfing, it selects transgenic individual with destination gene but without selectin label gene from the self-bred progeny, thus eliminating the negative effect on transgenic plant commercialized production, etc, possibly caused by selection label gene.

Bacteriophage are combined with a test sample in an incubator, and the bacteriophage-exposed test sample is conjugated and applied to a sample pad in contact with a lateral flow strip to determine the presence or absence of a target bacterium. The conjugation may be performed in the sample pad or prior to application of the bacteriophage-exposed test sample to the pad. The incubator comprises a bacteriophage container and an incubation container separated by a valve. The test sample may be inserted into the incubation chamber using a swab or a rod with a piercing tip and a sample collection eye. The valve comprises a breakable stem. An antibiotic may be added to the test sample to determine the antibiotic resistance or susceptibility of the bacterium.

Recombinant Mycobacterium strains with improved vaccinal properties for use as vaccinating agents are provided. The parent strains of the recombinant Mycobacterium strains are selected for their potent immunogenicity. The Mycobacterium strains do not display antibiotic resistance, and do not exhibit horizontal transfer to gram-negative bacteria.

The present invention provides Listeria strains that express a heterologous antigen and a metabolic enzyme, and methods of generating same.