210 results about "Bacterial colony" patented technology

The invention discloses a system and method for identifying microbial contamination in food and cosmetics based on AI identification, and the method comprises the steps: collecting to-be-detected food or cosmetics as a detection sample, and obtaining the bacterial colony growth state of microorganisms in the detection sample; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a microbial growth image through microscopic imaging equipment, and preprocessing the microbial growth image to obtain a target area of a microbial colony; constructing an AI recognition model by adopting a convolutional neural network, and obtaining the species and quantity of microorganisms in the detection sample; parameters of the AI recognition model are adjusted in real time according to the types and the number of the microorganisms, a preset microorganism limited standard threshold value is combined, a visual analysis report is generated, the AI recognition model is combined with a Faster R-CNN target detection method, precise classification and number statistics of the types of the microorganisms are achieved, a complete microorganism pollution analysis report is formed, and the method is suitable for popularization and application. And the accuracy and scientificity of the final identification result are improved.

The invention discloses low-temperature-resistant and high-salt-resistant aerobic pseudomonas kirschner kirschner K2 as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out low-temperature and high-salt enrichment culture; screening and domesticating, and monitoring the concentration of ammonia nitrogen; and after 3-5 times of enrichment culture, diluting the enrichment culture, further culturing until a macroscopic bacterial colony is obtained, and then picking and carrying out plate streaking to separate a pure strain. The invention also relates to application of the strain in preparation or prevention of nitrification and denitrification nitrogen removal drugs in treatment of high-salt nitrogen-containing wastewater. The strain is low-temperature-resistant and high-salt-resistant heterotrophic-aerobic denitrifying bacteria, has the characteristic of low temperature resistance, grows well at low temperature and high salt salinity, has higher heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification nitrogen removal capacity, is suitable for nitrogen removal treatment of high-salt wastewater such as food processing wastewater and landfill leachate, and has wide application prospects. The superiority is particularly obvious under a low-temperature condition.

The invention discloses lactobacillus plantarum capable of relieving enteritis and toxicity of polystyrene nano-plastics, and the preservation number of the lactobacillus plantarum is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) NO.31420. The lactobacillus plantarum can be used for relieving enteritis and toxicity of polystyrene nano-plastics. The strain is obtained by separating and purifying baby feces, and can grow on an MRS culture medium, and the bacterial colony is round, off-white, smooth and opaque. Experiments show that the lactobacillus plantarum can effectively adsorb PS-NPs, promote the PS-NPs to be discharged along with excrement, reduce accumulation of the PS-NPs in organs, and significantly reduce toxicity and inflammatory response of organs such as liver and kidney of mice. In addition, the strain can repair the intestinal barrier function, regulate liver metabolism and relieve enteritis symptoms. The invention further provides a probiotic preparation containing the strain, and the probiotic preparation can be prepared into granules, capsules, tablets or oral liquid and the like and is used for preventing or treating intestinal injury and inflammatory diseases caused by PS-NPs. The strain is safe and efficient, and has a wide application prospect.

The embodiment of the utility model provides mural degerming equipment, which relates to the technical field of cultural relic protection, is used for being matched with a cleaning soft brush for use, and comprises a box body, a vacuum pump, a purification mechanism and a negative pressure pipe. The vacuum pump, the purification mechanism and the negative pressure pipe are all installed in the box body, the negative pressure pipe communicates with the vacuum pump through the box body, and the vacuum pump is used for generating negative pressure in a pipe cavity of the negative pressure pipe. The negative pressure pipe is provided with an adsorption end located outside the box body, and the adsorption end is used for facing the mural body to form a negative pressure area on the mural body. And the purification mechanism is used for purifying gas sucked through the adsorption end. By means of the design of the device, diffusion and propagation of bacterial colonies in the cultural relic cleaning process can be reduced, pollution to the environment is reduced, and the adverse effect on the health of operators during cultural relic maintenance is reduced.

The invention discloses an artificial cultivation method of xylaria fungus sclerotium, and relates to the field of sclerotium cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: collecting xylaria producing sclerotia, obtaining spores by adopting a spore separation method or obtaining core tissues by adopting a tissue separation method, inoculating the spores or the core tissues on an enriched PDA culture medium to be cultured into bacterial colonies, selecting hyphae with vigorous growth vigor at the edges of the bacterial colonies, and performing purification culture until a mother strain only containing a single strain is obtained; performing gene sequencing to identify the strain; propagating the mother strain to obtain an original strain, inoculating the original strain into a sterilized solid culture medium, culturing in a dark place to obtain a cultivated strain, placing the cultivated strain on soil, reserving a space for sclerotium development around the cultivated strain, culturing in the dark place for 33-90 days, and harvesting the sclerotium. The xylaria sclerotium with single germplasm can be cultivated on a large scale, and the problems of wild resource shortage and germplasm mixing are effectively solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic product living body transportation, and particularly relates to a soft-shell crab transportation method. The method comprises the following steps: screening and cleaning, softening-keeping treatment, fresh-keeping treatment, microenvironment regulation and treatment after transportation. In the softening treatment, 0.1-3 PSU low-salt seawater containing 0.03%-0.08% of tetrasodium glutamate diacetate is used for soaking / covering, the fresh keeping is ethanol disinfection and 0.05%-0.30% of lemon grass oil emulsified spray, the temperature of the microenvironment is controlled to be 12-18 DEG C, the humidity is 85%-95%, and the oxygen content is 20.90-22.30%. After 72 hours of simulated transportation, the softness-keeping maintenance rate is greater than or equal to 88%, the survival rate is greater than or equal to 98%, the body surface bacterial colony inhibition rate is 91.4%, and the TVB-N value is 15.2 mg / 100g. The method realizes the synergy of softening, fresh keeping and live keeping, is suitable for large-scale transportation, and has high popularization value.

The invention relates to a strain of Chryseobacterium sp. ZJUHULYY1 and application of the Chryseobacterium sp. ZJUHULYY1 in promotion of corn growth and iron absorption, and provides a strain of Chryseobacterium sp. ZJUHULYY1, which is preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection on April 27, 2025, and has a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M 2025904. The strain of Chryseobacterium sp. ZJUHULYY1 is obtained by separating and purifying from rhizosphere soil of corn, and the strain of Chryseobacterium sp. ZJUHULYY1 is obtained by separating and purifying from rhizosphere soil of corn. The biological characteristics of the strain are as follows: after being cultured in an LB plate culture medium at 30 DEG C for 24 hours, the bacterial colony is round or oval, golden yellow, smooth and glossy in surface, neat in edge and negative in gram staining; when the strain is inoculated to rhizosphere of corn growing in calcareous soil, compared with a control group, the plant height, chlorophyll content, biomass and active iron content of the corn are all remarkably improved, the growth condition of the corn in the calcareous soil is effectively improved, and the absorption and utilization efficiency of the corn on iron elements is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of detection, in particular to a high-throughput bacterial colony detection sensor based on multi-mode optics and spectrum fusion and a detection method thereof.The method comprises the steps that data of a bright field image, a multi-channel fluorescence image and a near infrared spectrum of a bacterial colony to be detected are collected, and metadata in the collection process is recorded synchronously; preprocessing the data, and extracting multi-dimensional features of bacterial colonies from the preprocessed data; performing fusion processing on the multi-dimensional features in combination with space-time sequence information; identifying and classifying bacterial colonies according to the fused multi-dimensional features; and generating a detection report containing traceability information according to a result after identification and classification. Through multi-modal synchronous data acquisition, targeted data preprocessing, multi-dimensional feature fusion and standardized recognition and classification, high-throughput accurate detection of bacterial colonies is realized, manual intervention is reduced, and reliability and traceability are improved.

The invention provides a bacterial colony heterogeneous data separation method and device, equipment and a storage medium. Relates to the technical field of microbial colony heterogeneous data separation. The method comprises the following steps: performing hierarchical clustering on microbe single-cell Raman spectrum data to identify outliers; based on the outliers, performing de-noising processing on the single-cell Raman spectrum data of the microorganisms to obtain de-noised data; performing spectral clustering based on the de-noised data to obtain a spectral clustering result; wherein the spectral clustering result is used for identifying or marking bacterial colony cells in different growth periods; and evaluating the spectral clustering result by using a contour coefficient and a CH index to determine an optimal clustering number, and performing spectral clustering on the de-noised data based on optimal clustering data to obtain a final clustering result. According to the method, outlier detection, pruning optimization, spectral clustering and quantitative evaluation are combined, so that the precision and stability of microbe heterogeneity analysis are remarkably improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of bacterial colony classification, in particular to a bacterial colony classification method and device based on an attention convolutional network and a computer readable medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining common bacterial colony images in food; labeling and enhancing the bacterial colony image to obtain an enhanced image; dividing the enhanced image into a training set, a test set and a verification set; training and verifying the attention convolutional network according to the training set, the test set and the verification set; and classifying bacterial colonies to be detected by adopting the attention convolutional network which passes the verification. The fusion space attention module, the self-attention module and the channel attention module are embedded into the Unet network. The technical problem of low bacterial colony classification accuracy in the prior art can be at least solved.

The invention discloses a rapid pathogen identification method and system, and belongs to the technical field of medical information processing. According to the method, space-time growth discrimination operation, multi-scale structure perception operation and microscopic focusing classification operation are combined, the dynamic trend of bacterial colonies from appearing to diffusion is accurately captured, low-contrast textures of micron-scale initial spots and the complex structure of millimeter-scale mature bacterial colonies are considered, a refined space context correlation model is established, and the dynamic trend of the bacterial colonies from appearing to diffusion is obtained. The method solves the problems that a traditional single-frame analysis method is insufficient in continuous modeling of the growth process and early-stage features are confused, the detection sensitivity of early-stage minute colonies is improved, rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic bacteria types is achieved, and the identification requirements in clinical rapid detection and complex microbial environments are met.

The invention discloses a low-temperature hot air drying preparation process of low-sugar preserved mangoes. The preparation process comprises the following steps: S1, pretreating mangoes; s2, blanching is conducted; s3, hardening and color protection; s4, rinsing is carried out; s5, performing sugaring; s6, sugar draining; s7, drying; and S8, cooling. The sensory score of the product prepared by the process is 86.96, and the product is golden in color, rich in fragrance and palatable in sour and sweet taste. The total sugar content is 35.88% and is obviously lower than that of the traditional high-sugar preserved fruit. And the water content is 21.78%. The hardness is 3216.35 + / -g, the cohesiveness is 0.88, the chewiness is 3155.35, the resilience is 0.56, and the texture property is good. The total bacterial colony number 1t; 10 CFU / g, and coliform bacteria are not detected.

The invention relates to the field of microorganism screening, in particular to a microorganism screening method capable of improving saline-alkali soil crop stress resistance and application thereof.The microorganism screening method comprises the following steps that S1, in saline-alkali soil with Na < + > larger than 0.6% and pH 8.5-10.0, suaeda glauca rhizosphere soil and root system tissue are collected and inoculated to 0.6 moL / L NaCl, and the saline-alkali soil is inoculated to a culture medium; in a liquid culture medium with the pH value of 8.0, through a gradient saline-alkaline stress enrichment-bifunctional bacterium collaborative screening technology and in combination with an embedding matrix and modified biochar compounded microbial screening agent, compared with the prior art, salt ion adsorption, flora survival rate improvement, root system nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilizing bacterium standard-reaching rate improvement and crop biomass increase are synchronously realized, and the yield of the crops is increased. And moreover, the toxicity of salt ions is remarkably reduced, the soil micro-ecology is systematically optimized, and the method has a wide application prospect in marginal land agricultural development and saline-alkali soil ecological restoration.

The invention discloses an on-line bacterial colony counting device for a disinfection tank. The on-line bacterial colony counting device comprises a counting mechanism, a cover body shell, a control operation table and a culture dish storage mechanism, the cover shell is arranged on the front side of the top of the counting mechanism. The two culture dish storage mechanisms are arranged at the rear ends of the left side and the right side of the outer portion of the counting mechanism correspondingly. The on-line bacterial colony counting device for the disinfection tank realizes full-process automation from sample culture, specified sample taking, transferring and positioning to double-sided counting, greatly reduces the manual intervention intensity, avoids pollution and subjective errors caused by manual operation, improves the counting working efficiency, is suitable for continuous treatment of batch samples, and improves the working efficiency. And through the design that angle adjustment is matched with double-sided synchronous counting and sample rotation covers the whole area, impurity interference is effectively eliminated, counting dead angles are eliminated, and the comprehensiveness and accuracy of a counting result are improved.

The application discloses a chromogenic culture medium for detecting enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, which contains peptone, sodium pyruvate, sodium chloride, D-sorbitol, D-malic acid, bile salt, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide, kaolin, bromothymol blue, crystal violet, polyethylene glycol and agar, and the rest is water. The chromogenic culture medium is simple in composition, convenient to prepare and use, and can be used for identifying enteropathogenic Escherichia coli EPEC according to the color of bacterial colonies, and has the advantages of specificity, high efficiency, rapidness, low cost, simple result judgment and the like, and has a wide application prospect in food safety monitoring.

This invention discloses a culture medium for manganese-oxidizing bacteria suitable for low-carbon source environments in water supply networks and its application. The culture medium is prepared by mixing ferric ammonium citrate, manganese sulfate, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and sodium nitrate, followed by high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization to obtain a culture solution. Manganese sulfate is added to the culture solution to obtain the manganese-oxidizing bacteria culture medium. Manganese-oxidizing bacteria are screened using this culture medium. Cast iron pipe scale is subcultured in the medium to enrich the manganese-oxidizing bacteria culture solution. The enriched manganese-oxidizing bacteria culture solution is diluted and spread onto agar solid medium, and incubated at a constant temperature to obtain manganese-oxidizing bacteria colonies. This invention solves the problem of altered bacterial physiological metabolism caused by high concentrations of added manganese ions, effectively improving bacterial activity and manganese oxidation capacity.

The application discloses a kind of multi-modal bacterial colony sample autonomous learning classification identification method and system based on diffusion model, it is related to computer vision technical field, by being input into multi-modal bacterial colony sample classification model to multi-modal bacterial colony sample, obtain classification result;First, the application is by the feature fusion of multi-modal sample input, the correlation between different modalities is in-depth mined, and the semantic information of multi-modal is fully utilized.Secondly, the application combines diffusion model, and the multi-modal bacterial colony sample is classified after being denoised using diffusion model, which is conducive to eliminating inherent noise in multi-modal data samples and interference introduced by human operation errors, and is more conducive to learning.Finally, the application combines autonomous learning, and the model can complete the automatic labeling of new multi-modal samples, can select the most suitable multi-modal sample for training and learning, and continuously improve the robustness of multi-modal bacterial colony sample classification model.

The invention relates to the technical field of tea leaf processing, in particular to a combined sterilization method for tea leaves and application of the combined sterilization method. The invention provides a combined sterilization method of tea leaves. The combined sterilization method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out heat sterilization on the tea leaves and then carrying out cold sterilization on the tea leaves, the thermal sterilization method comprises hot air sterilization and / or steam sterilization, and the cold sterilization method comprises high-voltage pulse electric field sterilization. Detection results show that the bacterial colony killing rate and the mould killing rate in the tea leaves can reach 90% or above by adopting the combined sterilization method. In addition, sterilization modes can be flexibly selected for killing different microorganisms according to the types of tea leaves and the requirement for the number of the microorganisms.

The invention belongs to the field of stinky mandarin fish production, and provides stinky mandarin fish artificial inoculation bacterial colony fermentation equipment and a fermentation method, and the stinky mandarin fish artificial inoculation bacterial colony fermentation equipment accelerates the fermentation process through artificial inoculation of specific bacterial colonies, accurate control of the fermentation environment by using the fermentation equipment and combination of staged accurate temperature control, effectively solves the problem of long traditional fermentation period, and improves the production efficiency. Synchronous fermentation and full contact of the bean products and the mandarin fish are realized by utilizing the equipment; fermentation conditions are controlled, so that nutrition of the bean product fully participates in fermentation and is fused with the mandarin fish leavening, and the taste richness and the flavor layering sense of the smelly mandarin fish are remarkably improved.

The invention provides a bacterial colony counting device and a control method. And the burden of counting bacterial colonies by a user is reduced. The colony counting apparatus includes an acquisition section that acquires an image of a colony generated in a test individual, and an execution section that executes first software, the execution section performing a process of counting a number of colonies based on the image of the colony. The execution unit reads a user file that holds information in an array format created by second software different from the first software so as to count colonies generated in the test individual or to manage a result of counting the colonies. Further, the execution section creates a count table for counting colonies based on the user file.

The invention designs a multi-sensor monitoring intelligent toothbrush which comprises a toothbrush and a detection cleaning device, the toothbrush is detachably mounted on the detection cleaning device, and the toothbrush is cleaned through a cleaning mechanism; a plurality of pressure sensors are symmetrically arranged on the periphery of a supporting table of a brush head of the toothbrush up and down and left and right for detection and feedback, and a patient can be reminded according to the use force and the use angle of a user during use; meanwhile, a user can be gradually reminded according to correct tooth brushing steps; and through the arranged cleaning mechanism, bacteria or bacterial colonies brushed off by the toothbrush can be detected, meanwhile, the toothbrush can be cleaned in a vibration mode, and cleanliness of next-time use is guaranteed.

The application discloses an intelligent antibacterial hydrogel combined with a photosensitizer and an antibiotic as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The hydrogel takes oxidized dextran 40 as a hydrogel matrix, bonds 5-amino hexyl acetylpropionate into OAHAL through a Schiff base reaction, and is then crosslinked with amikacin to be prepared. The hydrogel has pH sensitivity, can effectively release drugs under an inflammatory slightly acidic environment, realizes on-demand release of the drugs, avoids overuse of the antibiotic, reduces toxic side effects, simultaneously loads two kinds of bactericidal drugs, 5-amino hexyl acetylpropionate and amikacin, and synergistically resists bacteria through two different mechanisms of photodynamic therapy and antibiotics, so that the antibacterial effect is significantly improved, and bacterial colonies caused by various types of wounds can be eliminated, and bacterial infection of a wound surface can be effectively prevented or treated.

An invention disclosing a device and method for the counting and identification of bacterial, mold or yeast colonies based on hyperspectral image capture and processing. A device for acquisition of hyperspectral images comprising camera capable of hyperspectral imaging, a hole inspection lens array and a light source arranged in or around a light housing is described. A method comprising a deep learning algorithm is made available for the processing of acquired hyperspectral data in order to detect, identify and count bacterial, mold or yeast samples contained within a Petri dish. In particular, the use of a hole inspection lens array allows acquisition of hyperspectral images of the complete inner surface of a Petri dish which, combined with the use of a deep learning algorithm ensure a high level of accuracy and sampling frequency.

The invention relates to the technical field of microbiological detection, and discloses a beverage total colony count real-time early warning system based on impedance microbiological diagnosis, which comprises a data detection module, a colony model establishment module, a feature extraction module, an intelligent analysis module, an early warning output module and a visual interaction module, according to the invention, data is collected in real time and calculated in real time, key control points are continuously and automatically sampled and detected, a production line map generated by the visual interaction module can display a global monitoring state, and a monitoring blind area is eliminated; key characteristic values are automatically extracted from an impedance curve, manual interpretation errors are avoided, a bacterial colony model building module ensures prediction accuracy through rigorous mathematical modeling linear regression and Rverification, and dependence on manpower is reduced; the three characteristic values and the predicted colony number are integrated, four-level grading early warning is carried out, the accelerated growth trend of microorganisms is prompted, and post-event inspection, in-event control and pre-event early warning are achieved.

A method for preparing functional bacterial colonies for carbon fixation and decontamination of organically contaminated soil is provided. The preparation of functional bacterial colonies involves the following steps: S1, culturing the first strain: obtaining single bacteria of Sphingobium sp. RS2; S2, culturing the second strain: obtaining single bacteria of Nitrososphaera viennensis EN76; S3, quantifying the cell count; S4, mixing the single bacteria: mixing the single bacteria of Sphingobium sp. RS2 and the single bacteria of Nitrososphaera viennensis EN76 at a cell count ratio of 1:1 to obtain functional bacterial colonies. [Effects] The obtained functional bacterial colonies are easy to cultivate, easy to formulate, and easy to operate. They can not only purify phenanthrene-contaminated agricultural soil and reduce the threat to agricultural product safety, but also fix CO2 and increase the SOC content in agricultural soil.

The invention discloses a green biological soil bedding capable of improving successive cropping obstacles and a preparation method, application and application method.The green biological soil bedding comprises a fiber net layer and a PHA composite layer, the fiber net layer takes plant fiber raw materials as main base materials, the rigidity and supporting force of a mulching film are improved, and therefore the mulching film can be applied to the field of agricultural planting. Collapse deformation caused by gravity or external force in soil is avoided, and the overall stability is enhanced; the PHA composite layer and the fiber net layer have the degradable characteristic, so that after the bedding is used, a carbon source can be continuously provided for beneficial microorganisms in the components, breeding and colonization of the beneficial microorganisms are promoted, convenient conditions are provided for activity and breeding of target bacterial colonies, and in the cooperative work process, growth of pathogenic bacteria can be inhibited, so that the soil micro-ecology is improved, and the soil quality is improved. Continuous cropping obstacles are improved, the yield is increased, various problems caused by traditional mulching film residues are avoided, and green and sustainable development of agriculture is promoted.

The present invention relates to the field of leachate treatment technology, specifically a landfill leachate ammonia nitrogen treatment equipment, including a frame, and also including: an aerobic nitrification reaction structure connected to the frame; two groups of anaerobic denitrification reaction structures connected to the frame; a bubble scrubbing spoiler structure connected to the frame, the bubble scrubbing spoiler structure including an active telescopic frame, the movable end of the active telescopic frame is fixedly connected to a first rotating head, the first rotating head is connected to an air supply part, the first rotating head is rotatably connected to a second rotating head, the second rotating head is fixedly connected to a hollow frame, the hollow frame is hinged with a change-direction jet part, the change-direction jet part is connected to a swing drive part, and the change-direction jet part is connected to a pitch drive part. The present invention disperses the bacterial colony attached to the inner wall of the aerobic nitrification reaction structure and completes the stirring of the leachate, while ensuring sufficient oxygen supply to the bacterial colony, improving the speed of the aerobic nitrification reaction, thereby improving the treatment efficiency of the present invention for the leachate.

The invention discloses staphylococcus albus and application thereof in fermentation of high-salt liquid-state clean label soy sauce. Belongs to the technical field of food fermentation. The staphylococcus fish fermenti CS1.22 is separated from soy sauce mash for the first time, and an application example of the staphylococcus fish fermenti CS1.22 in high-salt liquid-state clean label soy sauce is not reported yet at present. The strain can effectively inhibit bacillus causing deterioration of soy sauce, the bacteriostatic effect of the strain is mainly non-acid bacteriostasis, the bacteriostatic action pH range is 4.0-5.0, the strain is suitable for being applied to soy sauce fermentation, and the total number of bacterial colonies of finished soy sauce can be effectively reduced; when the high-salt liquid-state soy sauce is added to the fermentation of the high-salt liquid-state soy sauce, the content of volatile flavor substances can be remarkably increased while the content of amino acid nitrogen is increased, so that the high-salt liquid-state'clean label 'soy sauce is rich in flavor and excellent in quality.

The invention relates to the field of food sterilization, and particularly discloses an ultrahigh-temperature instant sterilization process and system for solids. The solid matter ultra-high-temperature instantaneous sterilization process comprises the step of putting solid matter into a sterilization space, and the sterilization process comprises the following steps: S1, injecting overheated hot water into the sterilization space to carry out high-temperature instantaneous sterilization on the solid matter; s2, discharging overheated hot water; and S3, the solid matter is placed in a cooling space, and rapid cooling is achieved. High-temperature instantaneous sterilization is carried out on the solid matter through overheated hot water, the solid matter is immediately placed in the cooling space after sterilization, rapid cooling is achieved, the overall temperature curve of the solid matter is in an n shape in the process, through the process from instantaneous high-temperature heating to rapid cooling, spores, bacterial colonies and escherichia coli are effectively killed, efficient sterilization is achieved, and the solid matter can be rapidly cooled. Due to instantaneous heating and rapid cooling, in the process of the solid matter, the surface temperature changes rapidly, but the internal temperature changes slowly, the high temperature time is short, and the quality and flavor of the solid matter are not affected.