383 results about "Petroleum Pollution" patented technology

The invention relates to preparation and application of a biological carbon immobilized microbial agent. The method comprises the following steps of: sequentially performing seed solution culture and liquid fermentation culture to microorganisms capable of degrading petroleum to obtain fermentation liquid; performing mixed adsorption to the fermentation liquid and biological carbon to prepare the biological carbon immobilized microbial agent. The invention further provides application of the biological carbon immobilized microbial agent to soil polluted by oily sludge and sand and petroleum. By immobilizing the microorganisms having a function of degrading petroleum and then remedying the soil polluted by oily sludge and sand and petroleum, the petroleum removal efficiency is remarkably improved and the removal rate is improved by 20 to 30 percent as compared with remediation by solely using microorganisms. The invention uses agricultural wastes such as corncobs as precursors to prepare carriers, the cost is low, a great amount of microbial agent is easily obtained and simultaneously the reclamation of wastes is realized.

This invention discloses a solid microbial agent for degrading petroleum pollutants and petroleum products. The solid microbial agent is prepared by: mixing primary seed solutions of Bacillus subtilis and Sphingobacterium multivorum at a volume ratio of (0.5-20):1, fermenting to obtain mixed bacterial fermentation solution, and mixing the mixed bacterial fermentation solution and turfy soil at a weight ratio of (0.1-1):1. The active living bacteria number of Bacillus subtilis is 106-1010 / mL, and that of Sphingobacterium multivorum is 107-1012 / mL. The solid microbial agent has such advantages as high activity in soil, rapid growth and no secondary pollution to environment, and can be used for biological bioremediation of petroleum polluted soil and petroleum product leakage fields.

A Rhodococcus ruber Em (CGMCC No.0868) features that its cells, cell suspension, or immobilized cells can degradate the paraffin and polycyclic arylhydrocarbon because the paraffin and polycyclic arylhydrocarbon are used as its only carbon source and energy source for growing to generate the bioemulsifier of ester. Said emulsifier can obviously decrease the surface tension of aqueous solution, has strong emulsifying power to ester substance, and can increase the solubility of paraffin and polycyclic arylhydrocarbon in water, so it can be used for treating the oil-contained sewage and repairing the petroleum polluted soil.

The invention relates to a bacterial strain of Rhodococcus ruber P14 CGMCC NO.2343. The bacterial strain has the characteristic of floating up from oil matters; the bacterial strain can grow by taking the oil matters as unique carbon source and energy source and degrade the oil matters; and the bacterial strain can grow by taking polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as unique carbon source and energy source and degrade hydrocarbon compounds, such as phenanthrene, pyrene, benzopyrene, and the like. The bacterial strain can degrade the oil matters and hydrocarbon compounds, especially the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon can be applied in the biological treatment of oily waste water and the biological repair (biological remediation) of oil-contaminated soil.

The invention relates to a microbial agent for repairing petroleum-polluted saline alkali soil and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of resource environment. According to a principle of microbial ecology, microbial community is extracted and screened from soils with high salt and alkali and high petroleum pollution to prepare the microbial agent, wherein obligate petroleum degrading bacteria can be sphingolipid bacteria, comamonas, chitin autophagy bacteria and bacillus. According to culture medium and soil environment experiments, the microbial agent can guarantee that the extracted microorganism can be survived in the soils with the salt content of 5,000mg / kg, and meanwhile, the degradation capability to the polluted soils with the petroleum content of 10-50g / kg can reach 80%. The microbial agent has the advantages of simple process, rich microorganisms, obvious dominant bacteria, good stability and capability of facilitating obligate petroleum degrading bacteria to adapt to a new pollution environment, increasing and improving the micro-ecological environment quality of the soils and avoiding secondary pollution to the environment, and can obviously improve the degradation efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbon in the saline alkali soil.

The invention relates to a microorganism composite bacterial agent applicable to the restoration of saline alkali soil polluted by petroleum, and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of environment protection. The bacterial agent mainly comprises the following 3 components: composite microorganism bacterial liquid, nutrients, and a surfactant. The composite microorganism bacterial liquid is obtained by performing liquid culture of 3 petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria of bacillus megaterium P9 strains (with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 4270), pseudomonas sp. P4 strains (with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 4269), and achromobacter xylosoxidans P2 strains (with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 4268) to obtain microorganism bacterial strains, and mixing the strains with the nutrients. The bacterial strains are preserved at China microorganism strain preservation management committee general microbiological center. The composite microorganism bacterial liquid, the nutrients and the surfactant are mixed according to a ratio of 30-200:1-2:0.2-0.5 so as to obtain the microorganism composite bacterial agent. The microorganism composite bacterial agent prepared by the invention has high removing efficiency for petroleum pollution in saline alkali soil, can both reduce the pH value of the saline alkali soil, and improve soil physical and chemical properties.

The invention relates to low-temperature-resistant petroleum degradation strains as well as a culture method, a culture medium and application thereof, wherein the low-temperature-resistant petroleum degradation strains are Paracoccus sp. D17 and Paracoccus sp. D24;a liquid culture medium for the two strains is screened, and per 1000ml of the liquid culture medium comprises 0.5g of NaCl, 0.1g of K2HPO4, 0.1g of NH4H2PO4, 0.1g of (NH4)2SO4, 0.02g of MgSO4.7H2O, 0.3g of KNO3, 700-900ml of oilfield wastewater and the balance of ultrapure water; a solid culture medium for the two strains is screened and is formed by additionally adding 15-20g of agar into each 1000ml of the liquid culture medium and further uniformly coating 20-30 mu l of sterile crude oil on the surface of the culture medium; and the two strains can be applied in degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon and bioremediation of petroleum pollution in soil or a water body. The two low-temperature strains can be applied in a low-temperature environment and have great value for controlling the petroleum pollution in the soil in the low-temperature environment.

The invention discloses a phycomycete mixed microorganism preparation, a preparation method and the application thereof. The microorganism preparation provided by the invention is prepared by mixing sterile pure scenedesmus, alkane degrading bacteria GS3C, phenanthrene-degrading bacterial GY2B and pyrene degrading bacteria GP3. The combination of the alkane degrading bacteria and aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria plays an excellent role in complementary degradation for alkane and aromatic hydrocarbon substance which are the main components in petroleum contamination. Algae can provide O2 needed by metabolizing crude oil for bacteria, and the simultaneously generated CO2 is utilized by the algae for growing. The mixed preparation can efficiently degrade and restore the petroleum contamination. Under the condition of crude oil contamination with the initial volume concentration of 0.3%, linear chain and branched paraffin which is difficult to degrade in alkane can be more thoroughly removed within 7 days, and the removal rates for naphthalin, fluorine, phenanthrene and homologous compound in aromatic hydrocarbon respectively reach over 96%, 58% and 61%.

The invention belongs to the technical field of bioremediation of marine oil pollution, and relates to an immobilized algal-bacterial symbiotic system for processing petroleum pollutants. The immobilized algal-bacterial symbiotic system is prepared by the following steps: (1) selection and axenic cultivation of algae species, firstly carrying out lysozyme and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sterile pretreatment on chlorella algae fluid, and then inoculating into a BG11 culture solution containing antibiotics to carry out sterile cultivation, so as to obtain sterile chlorella algae fluid for later use; (2) selection and cultivation of petroleum degrading bacteria; (3) preparation of composite carrier bacteria algae gel balls, namely immobilizing the sterile chlorella algae fluid obtained in the step (1) and the petroleum degrading bacteria obtained in the step (2) by adopting sodium alga acid and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) as immobilized carriers, and finally obtaining the immobilized algal-bacterial symbiotic system. The immobilized algal-bacterial symbiotic system can float on the water to carry out degradation of petroleum pollution, and is free of secondary pollution, free of toxic action on microorganisms, rapid in reaction speed, stable and reliable in operation, less in microorganism loss, and free of separation.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a petroleum degrading bacteria solid inoculant. The preparation method comprises the following steps: A, screening and domestication of the petroleum degrading bacteria; B, preparation of a seed culture solution; C, fermentation of the solid inoculant; and D, drying, pulverization, measurement and packaging of composted products. The petroleum degrading bacteria solid inoculant has the beneficial effect of improving the petroleum dissolution effect by taking a nonionic surfactantpolysorbate-80 (tween 80) as a solubilizer. The preparation method has the advantages that solid fermentation raw materials are easy to get and the process is relatively simple; and the solid inoculant contains a large amount of carbon and nutrient elements so as to provide more proper matrix for the growth of the bacteria, has strong affinity for the microorganisms, has immobilization efficiency, is capable of improving the competitiveness and degrading efficiency of the added microorganisms and indigenous microorganisms, and is convenient to transport and operate agriculturally and suitable for the large-scale in-situ biological remediation of the petroleum-polluted soil.

The invention discloses a solid microbial inoculum that is used for decomposing petroleum pollutants and petroleum products, and a preparation method and applications of the solid microbial inoculum; and the invention belongs to the technical field of biological reparation in the emergency processing of accidents including petroleum pollution of soils and petroleum product leakage. The solid microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing a pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria fermented fluid, turfy soil and bran with proportion by weight: 0.1-1:1:0.2-0.5, and the effective living bacteria number of pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria inside the pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria fermented fluid is 10 to 10 in each milliliter. The solid microbial inoculum has the advantages of high liveness in soil and quick growth, does not cause secondary environmental pollution, and can be used in the biological reparation on the spot of accidents including petroleum pollution of soils and petroleum product leakage.

The invention relates to a preparation method of floating embedding bacterium agents for in-situ remediation of oil polluted water, specifically relating to a technology for fixing oil degradation bacteria by using expanded graphite, sodium alginate and calcium chloride, absorbing and degrading to purify the petroleum polluted water. The preparation method of the floating embedding bacterium agents comprises the following steps: adding petroleum degrading bacteria liquid into sodium alginate sol containing the expanded graphite, mixing uniformly, dropping into calcium chloride solution and cross-linking overnight at 4 degrees centigrade to obtain the floating embedding bacterium agents fixing hydrocarbon degradation bacteria. The floating embedding bacterium agents prepared by the preparation method has the advantages of high mechanical strength, good floatability and mass transfer performance and high degradation efficiency; the floating embedding bacterium agents can be directly put onto the surface of the petroleum polluted water; the embedding bacterium agents can float on an oil-water interface for long term so as to ensure effective contact between the bacterium agent and the petroleum; the embedding technology increases the concentration of microorganisms, prevents the bacteria influencing by the water using environment, effectively improves the degradation efficiency, recovers and recycles conveniently and has no secondary pollution risk.

A method of using indigenous bacteria to restore oil-contaminated soil is to add mixed indigenous bacteria screened and enriched from oil-contaminated soil to oil-contaminated soil for bioremediation, and the specific steps include: oil-contaminated soil Grinding and sieving pretreatment, using inorganic salt medium to screen and enrich indigenous bacteria from oil-contaminated soil, adding enriched indigenous bacteria to oil-contaminated soil, and adding a certain proportion of inorganic nutrients to oil-contaminated soil Compost after stirring evenly, and plow and water the treated soil regularly. The method can be used for both in-situ remediation and ex-situ remediation of oil-contaminated soil, and can be used for remediation of high-concentration petroleum-contaminated soil and low-concentration petroleum-contaminated soil, and the medicines used are easy to obtain and easy to operate. And the degradation efficiency is high, and will not cause secondary pollution.

The invention relates to oil and gas field ground engineering and environmental protection technology, and discloses a gas breaking and gas stripping linked double-phase vacuum underground water pumping in-situ repair method for repairing soil and underground water petroleum pollution. The method comprises the following steps of: immersing a gas stripping spray head below the underground water surface of a pumping well and in 0.1 to 0.2 meter far from the bottom of the well, placing a liquid level sensor below the well to sense the liquid level in the well, arranging a motor driven threaded shaft at the wellhead to repeatedly move a pneumatic breaker in the well up and down, and starting gas stripping when the liquid level is less than 10 meters; stopping pumping when the pressure is reduced to 0.02MPa, starting negative pressure pumping, raising the pressure of the pumping well to 0.085MPa, closing pneumatic breakage, and starting a pump of the pumping well. The method has high treatment efficiency, reaches 85 to 95 percent of treatment degree of a free phase of a petroleum pollutant, saves the investment by about 30 to 50 percent, saves the maintenance and management cost by 25 to 35 percent, and saves the running expense by 25 to 60 percent.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental treatment and in particular relates to a microorganism-electric power two-segment repairing method for petroleum contaminated soils. According to the microorganism-electric power two-segment repairing method disclosed by the invention, conversion between two segments including microorganism repairing and electrokinetic repairing is carried out with the ratio of the total petroleum hydrocarbon content and the total organic carbon content in contaminated soils, and the purpose of preparing the petroleum contaminated soils is achieved; microorganisms are capable of preferentially degrading light components which are easily degraded in petroleum hydrocarbon and then removing heavy components by virtue of the strengthening effect of an electric field, and staged degradation of pollutants is realized; the problem that the pollutants can not be completely degraded by virtue of single microorganisms is solved, and the energy consumption by virtue of single electrokinetic remediation is also lowered; the microorganism-electric power two-segment repairing method is rapid in speed for repairing the petroleum contaminated soils, high in efficiency and low in cost; and compared with single microorganism repairing and single electrokinetic repairing, the efficiency is improved by above 20-40 percent.

The invention relates to a biological repair method for petroleum polluted saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of environmental biology. According to the principle of microbial ecology, the method regulates the microbial ecological system of the soil by using active sludge and waste biomass, strengthens the biodegradation of petroleum pollution, neutralizes the alkali substances in the soil, and improves the permeability of the soil so as to fulfill the purpose of repairing the polluted soil. The method can effectively treat and dispose the residual sludge and the biomass waste, repair the petroleum polluted soil, reduce the salinization degree of the soil and improve the quality of the soil, and is simple in process and low in treatment cost.

The invention provides a microbial remediation curing adsorbing bacterial preparation applicable to marine environment petroleum pollution as well as a preparation method and an application of the microbial remediation curing adsorbing bacterial preparation. The preparation process of the curing adsorbing bacterial preparation comprises the following steps: selecting microbial strains suitable for degrading crude oil in a polluted area; enlarging cultivation step by step so as to obtain a fermenting bacteria liquid with bacteria concentration of 108-1010 bacteria / mL; and then adding 100-1000 g / L porous medium (zeolite or ceramsite) to the fermenting bacteria liquid; further adding 0.1-2 g / L flocculating agent to the fermenting bacteria liquid; sufficiently mixing the fermenting bacteria liquid, the porous medium and the flocculating agent; standing an obtained mixture for 0.5-24 h so as to prepare the curing adsorbing bacterial preparation with bacterial adsorbing rate of not less than 90%. The curing adsorbing bacterial preparation can be applied to biological remediations of marine environment petroleum pollutions such as marine shoal muds or marine bottom sediments; highly efficient petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and nutritions can be carried in the marine bottom sediments; and the retention times of the highly efficient petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and the nutritions in the shoals can be prolonged; the survival rate of target bacteria in a target location is obviously increased; and the application range of a remediation bacterial preparation is enlarged.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a hydrophobic lipophilic cotton fabric material through structuring a zinc oxide fine structure. The method comprises the following steps of: combining a sol-gel method with a hydrothermal method, i.e. uniformly laying prepared zinc oxide nano seed crystals on the surface of a cotton fabric through utilizing the sol-gel method at first, then growing zinc oxide nanorods toward fixed directions on the surface of the cotton fabric through utilizing the hydrothermal method, finally, modifying the cotton fabric through utilizing long-chain fatty acid-palmitic acid so as to have superhydrophobicity, and wrapping cotton with the cotton fabric for oil absorption. According to the method, the specific structure of zinc oxide is utilized to structure the superhydrophobic cotton fabric surface, and moreover, the cotton fabric has lipophilicity, good oil absorption after wrapping the cotton and a good practical application value in petroleum pollution water body remediation.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological monitoring environment, and specifically relates to a shellfish monitoring method for ocean oil spill pollution. The shellfish monitoring method comprises the steps of utilizing typical bivalve mollusk such as short-necked clam and chlamys farreri in China to determine the shellfish visceral mass autioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase, glutathione glutathione S-transferase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity, integrating the enzyme activities so as to form an integration biomarker responding index (IBR), establishing a dose-effect relationship between the IBNNR and petroleum concentration, adopting a one-dimensional variance components method (ANOVA) to carry out notable difference analysis, determining the forcing degree of petroleum pollution on organisms, and finally judging pollution level of the ocean oil spill.

The invention relates to Pseudomonas sp. LD23, and the strain preservation number is CGMCC No,11679. The invention further relates to application of the Pseudomonas sp. LD23 in petroleum degradation and preparation of sodium alginate-activated carbon immobilized microspheres containing the Pseudomonas sp. LD23. The Pseudomonas sp. LD23 is a strain separated and screened from soil which is serious in petroleum pollution, can keep the high petroleum degradation rate under the low temperature condition and lays a foundation for petroleum-polluted soil treatment in future; meanwhile, the biological carbon immobilization conditions are optimized, the degrading effect of the immobilized petroleum degrading bacterium to raw petroleum is initially inspected, and a scientific basis is provided for remedying petroleum oil through the biological carbon immobilized microspheres.

The invention relates to a preparation method of petroleum-degrading bacteria immobilized embedded particles. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing 35.8wt%-46.5wt% of water hyacinth, 14.2wt%-18.5wt% of wheat straws and 35wt%-50wt% of walnut shell-based activated carbon to obtain a mixture as an auxiliary carrier; (2) inoculating 3.0wt%-7.0wt% of the auxiliary carrier onto 10wt%-20wt% of a petroleum-degrading bacteria seed liquid and adsorbing; (3) dissolving 8.0wt%-10wt% of polyvinyl alcohol in 80-100 DEG C water, adding 1.2wt%-1.5wt% of sodium alginate, uniformly mixing, cooling and adding the balance of water; and (4) uniformly mixing the substances obtained in the step (2) and (3) to constitute an embedded system, dropwise adding the embedded system into a CaCl2 solution and crosslinking to form balls, transferring the balls into a Na2SO4 solution and immobilizing to obtain the immobilized embedded particles. The petroleum-degrading bacteria immobilized embedded particles are applied in in-situ remediation of petroleum-polluted soil to achieve good remediation effect on the petroleum-polluted soil.

The invention provides a novel method for restoring soil with serious petroleum pollution, which puts forward technological parameters comprising the adding quantity of a desorbing agent, the elutiontime, the temperature and the solid-liquid ratio which are required by the restoration of the polluted soil.

The invention belongs to an equipment manufacturing technology in the field of beach petroleum pollution and remediation, and relates to an experimental device for underground two-dimensional elevation sandiness mud flat petroleum pollution. Various pressure measurement tubes arranged on a pressure measurement raft are connected with sand soil sampling holes; seawater level measurement holes are communicated and connected with the pressure measurement tubes in the pressure measurement raft; a seawater storage tank evacuation tube valve is arranged on one side of the bottom of a seawater storage tank; the upstream tank bottom of a first overflow partition plate arranged in the middle of a seawater level adjustment tank is connected with a water inlet hose; the downstream tank bottom is connected with an overflow tube; a first self-locking gear rack elevator is arranged on the left side face of an elevation steel framework tank body; the upstream tank bottom of a second overflow partition plate arranged in the middle of an underground water level adjustment tank is connected with an overflow region water outlet end vertical shaft; the downstream tank bottom is connected with an underground percolation water outlet overflow tube; a gravimetric method measurement water tank is placed on an electronic platform scale; and the lower end of a wave paddle is fixedly mounted on a bearing fixed bracket on the inner side of a left elevation dismountable door plate. The device is reasonable in structure, simple to operate, easy to manufacture and grasp, and flexible to control and adjust.

The present invention relates to a sponge material with a polyurethane sponge surface modified by constructing a zinc oxide fine structure, and a preparation method thereof. According to the preparation method, a sol-gel method and a hydrothermal method are combined to use, wherein prepared zinc oxide nanometer crystal seeds are uniformly paved on the polyurethane sponge surface through the sol-gel method; then zinc oxide nano-rods grow on the surface in a directional manner through the hydrothermal synthesis method; a long-chain fatty acid-palmitic acid is adopted to modify so as to achieve super-hydrophobicity; and finally the hydrophobic effect and the oil absorption capacity of the modified sponge are determined. According to the present invention, the special morphology structure of zinc oxide is adopted to construct the super-hydrophobic sponge surface, and the super oil absorption capacity of the sponge surface is not affected, such that the sponge material has potential application value for petroleum-contaminated water body repair.

The invention discloses a health evaluation method for a river mouth and bay ecological system. The method comprises the following steps of establishing a river mouth and bay ecological environment evaluation index system, determining an ecological environment evaluation index and weights of evaluation factors thereof, detecting and collecting the data of each evaluation factor of the ecological environment evaluation index and computing an index evaluation value, computing a water environment ecological index evaluation value of each station, computing a sea area evaluation value, and computing a health index of the river mouth and bay ecological system. An evaluation result obtained by using the evaluation method of the invention can basically reflect the pressure on an offshore area ecological system caused by relatively large artificial disturbances, including discharge to the sea, artificial breeding and petroleum pollutions, meanwhile can also reflect main pollution risk factors, and also plays a certain forewarning role with respect to potential pollutant factors, thus having a certain reference value and significance for reference, and being capable of providing scientific bases and guidance information to future ecological protection and management of the river mouth and bay ecological system.

The invention provides Rhodococcusruber with the collection number of CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.4795, a microbial agent comprising Gordonia, and application of the Gordonia or the microbial agent in degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon, bioremediation of petroleum pollution, bioremediation of petroleum polluted soil, and bioremediation of petroleum polluted water. The Rhodococcusruber with the collection number of CGMCC No.4795 and the microbial agent comprising the same have high capacity of degrading the petroleum hydrocarbon, and can be widely applied to degradation of the petroleum hydrocarbon and remediation of the petroleum pollution, such as remediation of the petroleum polluted soil, remediation of the petroleum polluted water and the like.

The invention provides a preparation method and an implementation technology for a petroleum-contaminated soil remediation agent system, and relates to a preparation method and an application method for a soil remediation agent. The soil remediation agent system is composed of soil conditioning liquid, a petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacterium agent, a solid waste carrier, a biological polymer bacterial agent and a nutrient solution. The implementation technology comprises the operation steps that the soil conditioning liquid is sprayed firstly, then the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacterium agent is sprayed, an oxygen increasing agent is spread, then the biological polymer bacterial agent is sprayed, solid fertilizer carrier particles are spread, and finally the biological polymer bacterial agent is sprayed again. According to the preparation method and the implementation technology for the petroleum-contaminated soil remediation agent system, the petroleum-contaminated soil remediation agent system can improve the dissolution effect of petroleum and soil, promote the growth of petroleum hydrocarbon microorganisms and inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms; for 5% or less of the petroleum-contaminated soil, the petroleum degradation rate reaches 39-43.7% under the condition that the temperature is 5-10DEG C; and the petroleum degradation rate reaches 59.8% under the condition that the temperature is 15-20 DEG C, and the petroleum degradation rate reaches more than 87.5% under the condition that the temperature is 25-30DEG C.

The present invention discloses an ozone-permeable reactive barrier repair system and a method for groundwater repair by using the system, and belongs to the technical field of groundwater pollution repair. According to the present invention, based on a characteristic of difficult repair of petroleum polluted groundwater, groundwater of a petroleum polluted groundwater pollution region is subjected to ozone reinforcement aeration, and a permeable reactive barrier is installed below water flow of the groundwater. With the present invention, groundwater polluted by petroleum and organic matterscan be effectively repaired while volatile components in groundwater and soil can be effectively treated; characteristics of strong adaptability to water quality of petroleum polluted groundwater, high stability, easy operation, simple treatment process, and continuous operation are provided; water quality of the treated water is good; only adsorbent replacement according to a prompt is required;and characteristics of economy, saving and high treatment efficiency are further provided.

The invention provides an arthrobacter strain highly effectively degrading phenanthrene, and an application thereof. The phenanthrene-degrading arthrobacter strain has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 6581. The strain provided by the invention can effectively degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heterocyclic substances in soil and oil sludge, and can be effectively applied in biodegradation treatments of petroleum-contaminated soil and PAHs pollutants in soil in loess highlands. Especially a phenanthrene degradation rate can be higher than 98%. The invention also provides a formula of a nutrient solution for the growth and degradation of the strain, and a method for applying the strain in petroleum-contaminated soil field reparation.

Reversibly switchable negatively charged surfactants are provided. The anionic surfactant is formed in aqueous solution by providing an absence of CO2 and is converted to a non-surfactant neutral state through exposure to CO2. The anionic switchable surfactants are useful to stabilize emulsions. In the neutral state they are useful to separate immiscible liquids. The surfactants find uses in polymerization, the oil industry, remediation of oil-contaminated soil and recapture of oil contaminant, and formation of solid particles such as plastics and nanoparticles.