148 results about "Sclerotium" patented technology

The invention discloses an artificial cultivation method of xylaria fungus sclerotium, and relates to the field of sclerotium cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: collecting xylaria producing sclerotia, obtaining spores by adopting a spore separation method or obtaining core tissues by adopting a tissue separation method, inoculating the spores or the core tissues on an enriched PDA culture medium to be cultured into bacterial colonies, selecting hyphae with vigorous growth vigor at the edges of the bacterial colonies, and performing purification culture until a mother strain only containing a single strain is obtained; performing gene sequencing to identify the strain; propagating the mother strain to obtain an original strain, inoculating the original strain into a sterilized solid culture medium, culturing in a dark place to obtain a cultivated strain, placing the cultivated strain on soil, reserving a space for sclerotium development around the cultivated strain, culturing in the dark place for 33-90 days, and harvesting the sclerotium. The xylaria sclerotium with single germplasm can be cultivated on a large scale, and the problems of wild resource shortage and germplasm mixing are effectively solved.

The invention discloses application of polypeptide compounds in prevention and treatment of pathogenic microorganisms. The compound has a synergistic effect on agricultural fungi such as rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearum, Pyricaria oryzae, pyricularia oryzae, pyricularia oryzae, pyricularia oryzae, pyricularia oryzae, pyricularia oryzae, pyricularia oryzae, pyricularia oryzae, pyricularia oryzae, pyricularia oryzae, pyricularia oryzae, pyricularia oryzae and pyricularia oryzae. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out sterilization on plant bacteria such as Xanthomonas oryzae PXO99A, Xanthomonas axonophora dispsp.citrijx-6, Pseudomonas solanacearum (Smith) BNCC335855, Pseudomonas sp. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: killing Aspergillus flavus ACCC32601 (Aspergillus flavus), Penicillium expansum ACCC 30898 (Penicillium expansum. EXPANSum ACCC 30898), Monilinia coerulea ACCC 36263 (Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus niger); the compound disclosed by the invention has a certain inhibition activity on various diseases caused by streptococcus agalactiae ATCC 27956, streptococcus dysgalactiae ATCC27957, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus, particularly, the compound Thiostreptin has a particularly remarkable inhibition effect on agricultural pathogenic bacteria, food-borne germs and cow mastitis germs, and is expected to be developed into a novel antibacterial drug, so that the compound disclosed by the invention can be used for preparing the antibacterial agent for preventing and treating various diseases caused by the streptococcus agalactiae ATCC 27956, the streptococcus dysgalactiae ATCC27957, the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and the Staphylococcus aureus.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological prevention and control, and particularly relates to a Burkholderia paragallinarum D15 and application of the Burkholderia paragallinarum D15. The Burkholderia parakholderia sp. D15 is preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) on November 25, 2024, the address is No.3, No.1 yard, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO. 1.61962. The Burkholderia parakholderia sp. D15 has the advantages that the Burkholderia parakholderia sp. According to the invention, a multifunctional strain Burkholderia paragallinarum D15 is separated from the rock wall of Danxia red rock, and the Burkholderia paragallinarum D15 has a relatively good antagonistic effect on most plant pathogens and has a relatively strong bacteriostatic effect on xanthomonas oryzae Xoo causing rice bacterial blight; the compound also has a relatively strong bacteriostatic effect on other pathogenic bacteria causing crop diseases, such as rice sheath blight disease, rice blast, fusarium graminearum, sclerotium rolfsii and ralstonia solanacearum, and lays a foundation for prevention and treatment of rice bacterial blight and development of related biological preparations.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a bacterium-enzyme-magnetic nano-cluster composite detoxicating agent, the detoxicating agent takes a Fe3O4-HAP nano-cluster as a magnetic core, the surface of the detoxicating agent is subjected to functional modification, a composite flora composed of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomyces cerevisiae is loaded to form sclerotia, a chitosan shell layer is constructed on the outermost layer, and the bacterium-enzyme-magnetic nano-cluster composite detoxicating agent is prepared. And a compound enzyme consisting of aflatoxin Bdegrading enzyme, zearalenone hydrolase and deoxynivalenol invertase is immobilized. The carrier can efficiently and synchronously degrade aflatoxin, vomitoxin and zearalenone, and can realize rapid separation and recovery through an external magnetic field.

The invention relates to the technical field of pest prevention and control, in particular to a method for treating pine wood nematode infected wood through poria cocos. The method comprises the following steps: cutting down current-year epidemic wood, and treating tree heads, tree trunks and boughs to complete peeling and tendon retaining treatment; uniformly cutting the trunk and the boughs into standard cut-logs; the method comprises the following steps: selecting fresh poria cocos sclerotium skin tissues as strains, and cutting according to an area greater than 50% of a cross section; pit pits are dug in the sunny slope; laying small branches on the bottom layer, placing the cut-logs in the pits, fixing the cut-logs with non-woven fabrics after inoculation, covering the upper layer with thin branches and leaves, and covering with soil; the two-stage biological process of mycelium planting, propagation expanding and pine wood nematode and medium insect killing is sequentially completed through a soil heat and moisture preservation environment; the propagation path of pine wood nematodes is blocked through the natural isolation effect of soil, deadwood obtained after poria cocos is subjected to biological verification and then smashed on site to return to forests or be made into fuel particles, and harmless and resource recycling of epidemic wood is achieved. According to the method, the problems of pine wood nematode propagation and epidemic wood treatment are synchronously solved.

The invention discloses a ganoderma lucidum liver-protecting pill and a preparation method thereof, and the ganoderma lucidum liver-protecting pill comprises the following components: 8-20% of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract, 5-15% of coptis chinensis extract, 4-10% of pulvis fellis saponin extract, 3-8% of oriental wormwood, 2-8% of taurine, 1-3% of vitamin E and 2-6% of scleroprotein (ganoderma lucidum sclerotium extract). The auxiliary materials comprise microcrystalline cellulose, corn starch, licorice extract, polyvinyl alcohol and the like, and the balance is 100%. Therefore, the problem of ingredient inactivation caused by traditional high-temperature / solvent extraction is solved through process innovation (such as supercritical CO2 pressure 300bar / enzymolysis pH 5.0 parameter optimization), the dissolution rate is increased to be more than or equal to 90% in 30 minutes (traditional pills need 45 minutes and only 75%), the limitation of single ingredient liver protection is broken through through the synergistic effect of the composite ingredients, and the liver protection effect is improved. Animal experiments prove that a liver injury marker ALT / AST can be reduced by more than 50%, the hepatic fibrosis area can be reduced by 40%, the degradation rate of the active ingredients within 6 months in a stability test is less than or equal to 5%, and the comprehensive bioavailability is improved by 30% compared with that of a traditional product.

The invention relates to an oxadiazole thioformate compound as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The compound has a structure as shown in a general formula (I): # imgabs0 #, an oxadiazole structure is taken as a basis, a thioformate structure with biological activity is introduced into the structure, a series of novel oxadiazole thioformate compounds are synthesized, and the compound provided by the invention has a wide application prospect on various common fungal diseases of crops, such as crop diseases, crop diseases and the like. The bactericidal composition has remarkable control effects on cucumber botrytis cinerea (B.c), blueberry anthracnose (C.a), rice blast (M.o), sclerotium of rape (S.s) and the like. The compound disclosed by the invention shows wide antibacterial activity and has a remarkable inhibition effect on various fungi.

The invention discloses a genetic transformation method of PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) mediated penicillium sclerotiorum strain protoplast and application of the genetic transformation method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) culturing penicillium sclerotiorum to produce spores, germinating hyphae, and collecting and cleaning fresh penicillium sclerotiorum hyphae; (2) compounding Lysing Enzymes, Yatase, cellulase and pectinase to prepare a protoplast enzymatic hydrolysate, and then adding the protoplast enzymatic hydrolysate into the penicillium sclerotiorum hypha for enzymolysis to obtain a penicillium sclerotiorum protoplast; and (3) adding plasmids to be transformed into the penicillium sclerotiorum protoplast, and carrying out PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) mediated transformation and resistance screening to obtain a penicillium sclerotiorum protoplast transformant. According to the method, the number and regeneration rate of the protoplast can be remarkably increased, and the enzymolysis time can be effectively shortened.

The invention discloses bacillus Witzmannii for inhibiting phytopathogen and application of the bacillus Witzmannii, relates to the field of biological prevention and control, and aims to solve the problem that chemical prevention and control methods of phytopathogen cause negative effects on ecological environment and human health. The bacillus wiedmannii is bacillus wiedmannii SJZ and is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection, the preservation date is December 23, 2024, and the preservation number is CCTCC (China Center for Type Culture Collection) NO: M 20242884. The bacillus vetzmannii disclosed by the invention can be used for inhibiting sclerotinia sclerotiorum and solanum nigrum. And protease, cellulase and chitinase can be secreted. The bacillus vetzmannii is used for nitrogen fixation and can secrete siderophores and IAA (indoleacetic acid).

The invention provides a core-shell microsphere for feed detoxification and a preparation method and application thereof.The core-shell microsphere comprises a sclerotium layer, a magnetic shell layer and a catalytic layer from inside to outside, and the sclerotium layer is composed of bacillus licheniformis and lactobacillus rhamnosus composite flora and a chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate semipermeable membrane wrapping thalli; the magnetic shell layer is a Fe3O4 nano-particle coating, and the catalytic layer is a porous Mn-Ce-O shell. The microspheres have the double functions of biodegradation and chemical catalysis, the internal flora can degrade various toxins, the external catalytic layer efficiently decomposes stubborn toxins, the magnetic layer realizes rapid magnetic separation and recovery, and the microspheres are suitable for removing mycotoxins from feed raw materials such as corn and soybean meal.

The invention discloses a streptomyces albidoflavus strain SaTC2601 and application thereof, and belongs to the field of biological control. According to the invention, a streptomyces albidoflavus strain SaTC2601 is separated from faeces of larvae of WSFC, and the preservation number of the streptomyces albidoflavus strain SaTC2601 is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.33741. The strain SaTC2601 has a very good prevention and treatment effect on peanut southern blight caused by sclerotium rolfsii at peanut roots, also has a prevention and treatment effect on soil-borne pathogenic bacteria such as fusarium graminearum, fusarium solani, fusarium moniliforme, fusarium oxysporum, rhizoctonia solani and streptomyces scabies, and further, the strain SaTC2601 also has a very good growth promoting effect. The strain becomes a precious resource for new drug development and agricultural disease prevention and control, and is expected to play a huge role in the aspect of soil disease prevention and control.

Disclosed is a method of reducing fine lines or wrinkles on skin. The method can include applying a topical skin care composition to skin with fine lines or wrinkles. The composition can include lactobacillus ferment, ascorbyl glucoside, Terminalia ferdinandiana fruit extract, Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) seed extract, glycerin, Persea gratissima (avocado) oil, Butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter, coco-caprylate / caprate, Sclerotium gum, sodium benzoate, and tocopherol.

The invention discloses application of m-cresol to prevention and treatment of pepper southern blight, and belongs to the field of plant disease prevention and treatment. According to the invention, it is found for the first time that m-cresol has an inhibition effect on sclerotium rolfsii, wherein EC50 of m-cresol is 0.1560 [mu] L / mL; the m-cresol with the concentration of 2 * EC50 can completely inhibit sclerotium germination, sclerotium generation and hypha growth of the sclerotium rolfsii. Furthermore, m-cresol can be used for preventing and treating pepper southern blight caused by sclerotium rolfsii, the morbidity and disease index of pepper southern blight can be effectively reduced by using a m-cresol solution with the concentration of 0.125% to perform root irrigation treatment on pepper planted in pathogenic bacteria soil, the relative prevention and treatment effect reaches 100%, and adverse reaction of pepper plants cannot be caused. The invention provides a new method for controlling the pepper southern blight by using a medicament, and the method has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, low environmental harm and the like.

The invention discloses a strain of Lysinibacillus bacilli B1 and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microorganisms. The preservation number of the bacstein lysine bacillus B1 is GDMCC No: 66653, and the preservation number of the bacstein lysine bacillus B1 is GDMCC No: 66653. The bacstein lysine bacillus has an inhibition effect on penicillium expansum, aspergillus ochraceus, botrytis cinerea, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, sclerotium rolfsii, root rot bacteria, ralstonia solanacearum and fusarium oxysporum. The strain can be used for preventing and treating southern blight and root rot of siraitia grosvenorii, banana fusarium wilt, mycosis of navel oranges and the like; the bacterial fertilizer can be applied to the fields of fruit preservation and bacterial fertilizer biocontrol of the plants; meanwhile, the strain can also be applied to the field of food preservation, is a bacterial strain with multiple functions and wide application fields, and has a good application prospect.

The invention discloses paenibacillus FHY1 and application thereof, and belongs to the field of microorganisms. A strain of paenibacillus FHY1 is screened from Xinjiang populus euphratica juice, and experimental verification shows that a liquid culture of the paenibacillus FHY1 strain provided by the invention has a remarkable inhibition effect on magnaporthe oryzae, the bacteriostasis rate can reach 84%, and the inhibition rate on magnaporthe oryzae spore germination is 92%. And the rice growth can be promoted under the conditions of 150mM NaCl and 250mM NaCl. Meanwhile, the strain also has a good inhibition effect on pyricularia grisea, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium graminearum, sclerotinia sclerotiorum and colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Therefore, the invention provides a new strain with a good control effect on pathogenic fungi, and meanwhile, the growth and development of rice are remarkably promoted in a salt stress environment.

The application belongs to the field of agricultural fungicide compound, discloses a composition containing new white folium altheae alkaloid derivative Z-24 and anthraquinone components (emodin, emodin methyl ether, chrysophanol, aloe emodin) in rhubarb and mixed concentration thereof. The application of the composition in preventing and treating plant diseases caused by rhizoctonia solani, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, fusarium graminearum, botrytis cinerea, pyricularia oryzae and phytophthora capsici is disclosed, and the mass percentage of new white folium altheae alkaloid derivative Z-24 and anthraquinone components is 1:500, 1:100, 1:50 or 1:25. The fungicidal composition disclosed in the application has the advantages of wide fungicidal spectrum, low toxicity, effective delay of drug resistance of plant pathogens and the like, and has the value of further research and development.

The invention discloses a natural plant soothing and moisturizing composition and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of cosmetics. Comprising the following steps: mixing a dendrobium stem extract, an aloe barbadensis leaf extract, a radix sophorae flavescentis root extract, an Ningxia wolfberry fruit extract, an echinacea purpurea extract, a skin conditioner, a humectant, a hydrolyzed pansy extract, hydrolyzed sclerotium gum and deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the natural plant soothing and moisturizing composition. Through a multi-dimensional synergistic mechanism, the effects of efficient soothing and moisturizing, safety, mildness, excellent skin feeling, stability and reliability are achieved.

This invention discloses an auricular acupressure pellet for treating epileptic seizures, as well as its preparation and usage methods. The auricular acupressure pellet is composed of the following ingredients in the indicated weight percentages: Gastrodia elata 25-35 parts, Fritillaria cirrhosa 25-35 parts, Pinellia ternata 25-35 parts, Poria cocos 25-35 parts, Poria cocos sclerotium 25-35 parts, Bambusa textilis 10-20 parts, Acorus tatarinowii 10-20 parts, Buthus martensii 3-9 parts, Bombyx mori 3-9 parts, Amber 10-20 parts, Uncaria rhynchophylla 10-20 parts, Citrus reticulata 5-12 parts, Polygala tenuifolia 10-15 parts, Salvia miltiorrhiza 25-35 parts, Ophiopogon japonicus 25-35 parts, Margarita 25-35 parts, and Dragon bone 25-35 parts. This invention solves the problems of limited efficacy and inconvenience in use of existing technologies, providing a highly efficient and safe new option for the treatment of epileptic seizures.

This invention belongs to the field of microbial fermentation technology and discloses a method and application for improving the production of staminodesmotic acid (Sclerotium sclerotiorum) based on dynamic osmotic pressure regulation. The method uses *Sclerotium sclerotiorum* as the production strain and employs a synergistic strategy of initial culture medium component optimization, precise osmotic pressure regulation during fermentation, and dynamic feeding to enhance synthesis. Utilizing the dual characteristics of sucrose as a carbon source and osmotic pressure regulator, and the osmotic pressure regulating effect of KCl, the osmotic pressure during fermentation is precisely controlled between 1050-1300 mOsmol / kg. This activates the MAPK-CWI signaling pathway and FKs2 gene expression, directionally promoting staminodesmotic acid synthesis and increasing staminodesmotic acid yield. This invention, by optimizing the initial carbon source and inorganic salt concentration, precisely regulating osmotic pressure during fermentation through feeding, and combining molecular mechanism analysis, achieves a significant increase in staminodesmotic acid yield, reduces industrial production costs, and provides technical support for the large-scale industrial production of staminodesmotic acid.

The invention discloses a quinolinic acid diaryl ether derivative, a preparation method and application thereof and a bacteriostatic agent or bactericide, relates to the technical field of medicinal chemistry, solves the problems that existing pesticides are high in toxicity and not environmentally friendly, easily cause drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and possibly have negative effects on the environment and an ecological system, can efficiently prevent and treat fungal diseases of plants, and also can effectively prevent and treat the pathogenic bacteria of the plants. The quinolinic acid diarylether derivative has the advantages that the quinolinic acid diarylether derivative has excellent inhibition activity on agricultural fungi such as rhizoctonia solani, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, botrytis cinerea, fusarium graminearum and fusarium pseudograminearum, and the quinolinic acid diarylether derivative has the characteristics of simple synthesis process, cheap and easily available raw materials, good control effect, wide bactericidal spectrum and the like.

The invention discloses a nutrient solution for secondary grafting of poria cocos as well as a preparation method and application of the nutrient solution, and relates to the technical field of poria cocos planting. The method comprises the following steps: mixing plain boiled water, white sugar, edible white vinegar, fresh milk, moroxydine, dinotefuran, table salt and monopotassium phosphate, uniformly shaking to prepare a nutrient solution for secondary grafting of poria cocos, and filling the nutrient solution into a closed container for later use. The method comprises the following steps: soaking small blocks of fresh poria cocos sclerotium to be subjected to secondary grafting in a nutrient solution by hands, attaching the small blocks of the fresh poria cocos sclerotium to the scraped basswood grafting position, and covering with surface soil. The yield of the poria cocos is obviously increased through secondary grafting. In the process, proper carbon and nitrogen elements are provided through white sugar and fresh milk; the salt and the monopotassium phosphate provide sodium, phosphorus and potassium elements; the white vinegar, the viroxydine and the dinotefuran have the effects of disinfection, disease prevention and insect prevention respectively; under the synergistic effect of the raw materials, reasonable supplementation of exogenous nutrients of pine trees is guaranteed, and with the assistance of soil moisture and nutrition, the purposes of harvesting 20-30 days in advance and achieving high-quality, high-yield and efficient cultivation production are achieved.

This invention discloses a specific DNA fragment, primers, and applications for sex identification of the longfin sclerotium. PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed using PCR primers. The results showed that individuals with a specific 271bp band were male, while those without a band were female. This invention discloses a molecular marker, primers, and identification method for sexing the longfin sclerotium. Sexing can be determined by taking fin rays without killing the fish; it can also identify the sex of juvenile fish whose sex cannot be determined by appearance. It has advantages such as accuracy, simplicity, speed, and minimal harm to the fish, providing important assistance for the conservation of wild longfin sclerotium resources and the development of the aquaculture industry.

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, and discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition and a traditional Chinese medicine decoction for treating insomnia, which have obvious curative effects and low toxic and side effects and have obvious curative effects on insomnia and dreaminess, palpitation and restlessness, anxiety and depression, chest and hypochondrium fullness and stuffiness and other symptoms. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from the following raw medicinal materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of radix bupleuri, 5-10 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 15-20 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 9-15 parts of rhizoma pinelliae preparata, 20-30 parts of poria cocos, 15-30 parts of cassia twig, 10-20 parts of calcined ruddle, 20-30 parts of crude dragon bone, 25-45 parts of raw oyster shell, 15-25 parts of acanthopanax, 15-25 parts of poria with hostwood, 5-10 parts of fried spina date seed, 10-20 parts of honey-fried licorice root, 5-15 parts of stiff silkworm, 6-10 parts of cicada slough, 1-2 parts of scorpion and 10-15 parts of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli. , 10-15 parts of fingered citron, 15-30 parts of dark plum, 20-30 parts of white peony root and 5-15 parts of Chinese magnoliavine fruit. The scorpion is provided in a powder grinding form; the calcined ruddle, the crude dragon bone and the raw oyster shell are decocted with water and then mixed with the other raw medicinal materials, water is added for immersion and decoction for 2-3 times, decoction solutions are combined and mixed uniformly, and the traditional Chinese medicine decoction is obtained. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from traditional Chinese medicine decoction and scorpion powder.

The present invention discloses azone compounds, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof in the preparation of neuroprotective drugs. The azone compounds are isolated from the fermentation product of a strain of Penicillium sclerotiorum ( Penicillium sclerotiorum ) UJNMF0503, with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 40172, have neuroprotective activity, and have good application prospects in the development of drugs with neuroprotective effects.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological medicines, and in particular relates to an application of hyssopus rigidus var. Cupidus essential oil in preparation of an antibiotic antibacterial sensitizer and / or preparation of an antibiotic combined medicine, and further relates to an application of the hyssopus rigidus var. Cupidus essential oil in preparation of the antibiotic antibacterial sensitizer and / or the antibiotic combined medicine. It is found that the hyssop officinalis essential oil can enhance the antibacterial sensitivity of various antibiotics including fluconazole and amphotericin B, the hyssop officinalis essential oil and the antibiotics are combined for use, the synergistic antibacterial activity is achieved, and the better antibacterial effect is achieved while the dosage of the antibiotics is reduced; important technical support is provided for improving the current situation of drug resistance of fungi.

The invention provides a strain of Chryseobacterium ZJU645, a biological preparation, a culture method, a fermentation method and application, and particularly belongs to the technical field of microbial control. The Chryseobacterium sp. ZJU645 disclosed by the invention is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), the preservation number is CGMCC NO.35186, and the preservation date is July 10, 2025. The Chryseobacterium ZJU645 disclosed by the invention has a broad-spectrum antifungal effect, and has a relatively high antibacterial effect on alternaria alternata, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, fusarium oxysporum, paniculate corn, colletotrichum gloeosporioides and botrytis cinerea, and a fermentation product of the Chryseobacterium ZJU645 is stable. Through further optimization of fermentation conditions of the Chryseobacterium sp. ZJU645, the disease resistance of the Chryseobacterium sp. ZJU645 is improved, and a new biological control means is provided for more efficient prevention and treatment of agricultural diseases, especially mulberry diseases.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to a sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathopoiesis and reproduction dual-deletion strain SD3-9V, a fungicide and application of the fungicide. The invention provides a sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathopoiesis and reproduction dual deletion strain (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) SD3-9V, which is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), and the preservation number is CCTCC M 2026255. The sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathopoiesis and reproduction dual-deletion strain SD3-9V provided by the invention has no pathogenicity, and sclerotium formation ability is deleted, so that the sclerotinia sclerotiorum can be used as a plant vaccine for preventing sclerotinia rot, and has multiple advantages of high biological safety, reduction of sclerotinia rot morbidity and promotion of crop growth and flowering. The invention provides an effective way for providing a safer and more reliable microbial agent for preventing and treating sclerotiniose.

This invention discloses a medicinal mud for treating blood stasis and heat-induced arthralgia, its preparation method, and its application. The medicinal mud is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-70 parts of *Hedyotis diffusa*, 30-70 parts of *Caesalpinia sappan*, 30-70 parts of *Gardenia jasminoides*, 30-70 parts of *Rheum palmatum* (processed with wine), 15-45 parts of *Stephania tetrandra*, 10-30 parts of *Sparganium stoloniferum*, 10-30 parts of *Curcuma zedoaria*, 10-30 parts of *Ligusticum chuanxiong*, 10-30 parts of *Smilax glabra*, 10-30 parts of *Geranium wilfordii*, 10-30 parts of *Polygonum cuspidatum*, 5-15 parts of *Cinnamomum cassia*, 5-15 parts of *Cyperus rotundus*, and 5-15 parts of *Citrus reticulata* (green tangerine peel). The above-mentioned treatment method scientifically combines a large number of heat-clearing, blood-cooling, and detoxifying herbs such as gardenia bark, rhubarb, Japanese knotweed, and smilax glabra with powerful blood-breaking and stasis-removing herbs such as sparganium rhizome, turmeric rhizome, sappanwood, and sclerotium tsao-ko. It is also supplemented with herbs that dispel dampness, unblock the meridians, promote qi circulation, and relieve pain. This method directly targets the three core elements of "blood stasis and heat arthralgia": "heat," "stasis," and "congestion." It treats internal diseases from the outside, with significant curative effects, and avoids the systemic toxic side effects of oral medications.

The invention provides bacillus and application of the bacillus in inhibition of pathogenic fungi. The invention discloses a novel bacillus (Bacillus) for the first time, and the preservation number is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) NO.28299, which is called TG1-2 for short. The bacterial strain provided by the invention is separated from rhizosphere soil of weeds, and is bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens). Detection shows that the bacterium and fermentation liquor thereof have excellent inhibition effects on various phytopathogens, such as verticillium dahliae, magnaporthe oryzae, fusarium graminearum, botrytis cinerea, sclerotinia sclerotiorum and phytophthora. The bacilli disclosed by the invention have broad-spectrum bacteriostatic action and excellent inhibition effect.

In one aspect, the present application discloses compositions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprising heterologous effector RNAs, such as antifungal RNAs. In certain embodiments, the effector RNAs comprise dsRNA, while in other embodiments the effector RNAs comprise mRNA In certain embodiments, the EVs are plant EVs, microbial EVs (e.g., bacterial EVs or fungal EVs), or artificial EVs. In particular embodiments, the EVs are plant EVs and the effector RNA is mRNA. In other particular embodiments, the EVs are microbial EVs and the effector RNA is dsRNA. In other aspects, the application discloses microbes that produce RNA-loaded EVs; methods of treating and / or preventing fungal diseases by applying such microbes and / or RNA-loaded EVs to plants, plant parts, and / or soil; and methods of producing such RNA-loaded EVs. In certain examples, the antifungal RNAs may target DCL1 / 2 genes the VDS genes, and / or the tetraspanin (PLS1) genes of a fungal pathogen such as B. cinerea, Verticillium dahliae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Aspergillus niger or even oomycete pathogens, such as Phytophthora infestans.