287 results about "Osmotic pressure" patented technology

The invention discloses a seabed karst stratum tunnel shield data monitoring and analyzing method and system. The method comprises the steps that shield construction mechanical parameters, karst stratum acoustic emission signals and seawater osmotic pressure data are synchronously collected; shield construction mechanical parameters, karst stratum acoustic emission signals and seawater osmotic pressure data are subjected to seepage-stress coupling constraint, a hydraulic connectivity strength index is generated through fracture network seepage tensor inversion, and the filler migration risk level is judged based on pore water pressure dynamic mutation characteristics. And fusing the cutterhead torque frequency spectrum characteristic and the propulsive force fluctuation characteristic to generate a shield disturbance entropy value. According to the method, the hydraulic connectivity index is generated through seepage stress coupling inversion, the grouting path and the rheological parameters are dynamically optimized based on the fracture probability field, shield tunneling, seepage sudden change and grouting prevention and control cooperation is achieved, and the problem of prevention and control disjunction is radically solved.

The invention discloses a fiber bragg grating osmometer measuring method with built-in temperature compensation and a packaging structure, and relates to the technical field of osmotic pressure measurement, and the key points of the technical scheme are that the fiber bragg grating osmometer comprises a protective shell, and an osmometer internal structure is formed in the protective shell; the packaging structure further comprises a structure head end connected with the pressure measuring part, a structure tail end connected with the temperature measuring part, an induction part arranged in the protective shell and used for transmitting deformation generated by osmotic pressure to the pressure measuring part, and the pressure measuring part arranged in the protective shell, and the pressure measuring part is of a suspension frame structure formed by coupling double bent frames. The two sides of the pressure measurement part are symmetrically provided with installation grooves for placing pressure measurement fiber gratings. The temperature measuring part is arranged in the protective shell, so that the problem that the measurement precision is obviously influenced by the environment temperature change due to the lack of a temperature compensation function of the existing sensor is solved, and the long-term measurement accuracy and reliability of the osmometer in a complex temperature environment are obviously improved.

The invention relates to a BIM-based water conservancy project safety early warning method and device, equipment and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring multi-source data such as an osmotic pressure gradient field based on a predefined hydraulic engineering monitoring point space coordinate list, and generating a three-dimensional osmotic field matrix after noise reduction, standardization and interpolation processing; physical characteristics of the matrix are extracted by using a pre-trained space-time convolution model, and abnormal parameter labels are determined through threshold comparison and deviation calculation; associating the exception to a BIM component node through a spatial topology matching algorithm; and finally, performing visual early warning based on the BIM abnormal coordinate vector, and generating a structured alarm instruction set by combining risk levels and abnormal type matching treatment measures. According to the method, through multi-source data fusion modeling, feature analysis and extraction, BIM space mapping, three-dimensional visualization decision making and the like, the precision, efficiency and intuition of hydraulic engineering safety early warning are improved, and a reliable technical scheme is provided for guaranteeing safe and stable operation of hydraulic engineering facilities.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and provides an electroporation buffer solution applied to exosome electroporation, the pH value is 6.8-9.8, the osmotic pressure is 80-320 mosm, water is used as a solvent, and the electroporation buffer solution comprises the following components: 15-25% w / v of iodixanol, 1.035-1.265 mM of KH2PO4, 22.5-27.5 mM of KCl, 0.18-0.22 mM of EDTA-2Na and 18-22 mM of HEPES. The electroporation buffer solution provided by the invention can improve the loading efficiency of the load and reduce damage to an exosome membrane structure and internal bioactive molecules in an electroporation process. The electroporation buffer solution can effectively reduce aggregation and fusion phenomena of exosomes after electroporation, and improves the stability and integrity of the exosomes. The electroporation buffer solution provided by the invention can improve the application degree of the exosome as a targeting drug delivery system.

The invention discloses a mine water storage layer leakage risk early warning and emergency decision intelligent system, which is characterized in that the system acquires osmotic pressure gradient, microseismic events, tracer migration rate and rock stratum displacement data in real time through distributed sensors, and generates a standardized multi-parameter data set through processing such as wavelet threshold denoising and variation mode decomposition; outputting a leakage probability value P and a potential fracture azimuth angle theta by using a fuzzy neural network model; early warning in three levels according to the P value, wherein Plt is greater than or equal to 0.3; when 0.6, regulating and controlling pore pressure, wherein 0.6 < = Plt; when P is larger than or equal to 0.85, sampling is encrypted, a grouting path is generated, and when P is larger than or equal to 0.85, an optimal evacuation path is calculated; constructing a grouting pressure gradient field according to the theta and the early warning grade, and dynamically matching the ratio of the leaking stoppage material; and online updating of model parameters is realized through closed-loop control. The system realizes multi-physics field coupling monitoring and dynamic adaptive decision making, and improves leakage risk assessment accuracy and emergency response efficiency.

The utility model discloses a kind of anti-fouling osmometer of measuring osmotic pressure, belong to osmometer technical field, including osmometer main body, the top of osmometer main body is equipped with cable, the bottom of osmometer main body is provided with filter end, the periphery of osmometer main body is provided with multiple anti-sloshing pieces in annular array arrangement;The utility model, when using the anti-fouling osmometer of measuring osmotic pressure, first, the distance between multiple supporting feet is adjusted according to the diameter size of the dropped pipeline, the positioning plate can be pinched by hand, so that the positioning plate is deformed through the second weakened groove, until the arc-shaped tooth plate is disengaged from the bottom of the crown gear ring, so that the rotating disc can be manually rotated outside the fixed cylinder, and the setting of multiple inclined grooves is matched, so that the adjusting block connected by transmission column can be synchronously moved outward or synchronously moved inward, so that the distance between multiple supporting feet can be synchronously adjusted.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganism mutation breeding, and particularly relates to a nisin high-yield mutant strain with enhanced production performance. The mutant strain is specifically lactococcus lactis 2686, and the preservation number of the mutant strain is CCTCC (China Center for Type Culture Collection) NO: M 2023219. The strain has relatively high osmotic pressure tolerance, can still normally grow and produce nisin when the osmotic pressure is higher than 0.66 osM / kg H2O, meanwhile, the strain has excellent nisin production capacity, the titer reaches 9834 IU / mL when the strain is fermented in a shake flask for 21 hours, and the titer reaches 21000 IU / mL when the strain is fermented in a fermentation tank for 22 hours. The method is high in yield, good in stability, low in production cost and suitable for further industrial application.

The invention relates to the technical field of dam safety monitoring, and discloses an osmotic pressure monitoring data processing method and system for a reservoir dam, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining osmotic pressure monitoring data and a reservoir water level; based on the data, reconstructing and carrying out normalization processing to obtain a normalized potential energy field; constructing a topological network based on the normalized potential energy field, and calculating a seepage field topological entropy capable of representing the overall structural characteristics of the seepage field; recognizing a hydraulic step event triggered by the rapid change of the water level of the reservoir, collecting a topological entropy response curve of the seepage field under the event, and extracting a real-time response feature vector from the curve; the invention further provides a system for executing the method. According to the method, severe data fluctuation caused by normal working conditions (such as water level sudden change) and early weak abnormity caused by internal structural diseases can be effectively distinguished, and the sensitivity and accuracy of seepage state abnormity diagnosis are remarkably improved.

An embodiment relates to an active implantable medical device (AIMD), comprising: a permeability module that allows ingress flow of a fluid to an osmotic agent chamber and generates osmotic pressure; a piston that moves longitudinally within the active implantable medical device (AIMD) in response to the osmotic pressure; a drug chamber that comprises a drug and a valve module to allow one-way flow of the drug from the drug chamber to outside the active implantable medical device (AIMD); a sensor module that measures a displacement of the piston in real-time; and an electronic module that communicates a signal to the valve module to control the valve module and regulate the one-way flow of the drug based on the displacement of the piston.

The invention discloses a fracturing fluid spontaneous imbibition numerical simulation method considering chemical osmotic pressure, and belongs to the technical field of unconventional oil-gas exploration and development, and the fracturing fluid spontaneous imbibition numerical simulation method comprises the following steps: step 1, describing mathematical problems in a fracturing fluid spontaneous imbibition phenomenon, and carrying out mathematical model assumption; 2, determining the real speed of the water phase based on the seepage speed of the water phase; 3, determining a salt ion migration control equation under an oil-water two-phase flow condition; 4, based on the oil-water two-phase flow control equation considering the chemical osmotic pressure and the salt ion migration control equation under the oil-water two-phase flow condition, establishing a fracturing fluid spontaneous imbibition mathematical model considering the chemical osmotic pressure; 5, spatial discretization is conducted on the fracturing fluid spontaneous imbibition mathematical model; and step 6, determining spontaneous imbibition numerical simulation parameters, and performing numerical method solution on the fracturing fluid spontaneous imbibition mathematical model. According to the method, the accuracy of spontaneous imbibition numerical simulation of the fracturing fluid can be effectively improved.

The invention belongs to the field of plant extracting solution concentration, and discloses a low-pressure high-power concentration device for a plant extracting solution and a concentration method using the low-pressure high-power concentration device. The device is based on a series reverse osmosis membrane stack and a feeding pump, a fresh water collecting tank, a booster pump, three types of pressure sensors, two types of osmometers, a water inlet pressure control system and a one-way valve are additionally arranged, the three types of pressure sensors are used for detecting the pressure of a feeding header pipe, the pressure of concentrated water and the pressure of a fresh water header pipe respectively, and the two types of osmometers are used for detecting the osmotic pressure of the feeding header pipe and the osmotic pressure of the concentrated water respectively. The water inlet pressure control system adjusts the design pressure of the device and the osmotic pressure of the plant extracting solution by adjusting the frequencies of the booster pump and the feeding pump, so that accurate monitoring of parameters is realized, efficient concentration of the plant extracting solution under low pressure is guaranteed, scaling on the surface of a reverse osmosis membrane is delayed, the service life of a membrane stack is prolonged, and continuous production of membrane concentration and filtration is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of osmotic pressure testing, and particularly discloses an optimization system for osmotic pressure testing of an ipratropium bromide solution, which comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module and a data processing module, the data recording module records the operation state data of the conductivity acquisition instrument in the use process, and the operation state of the conductivity acquisition instrument directly affects the accuracy of the conductivity data of the standard solution, so that the operation state of the conductivity acquisition instrument can be analyzed based on the data; the conductivity data can be corrected, so that the data is closer to a true value, the reliability of a quality analysis result of a standard solution is improved, the accuracy of a precision detection result of an osmotic pressure detection instrument and an osmotic pressure detection result of an ipratropium bromide solution is further improved, and the optimization of an osmotic pressure detection method is realized.

The invention discloses a diluent for blood cell detection, the diluent comprises a buffer solution, an osmotic pressure regulator, a preservative and a stabilizer, the concentration of the buffer solution is 5-100 mM, the osmotic pressure regulator accounts for 0.1-2% by mass, the preservative accounts for 0.01-0.05% by mass, the stabilizer accounts for 0.0001-0.05% by mass of the diluent, and the pH value of the diluent is 7.4-7.8; according to the invention, the buffer solution, the osmotic pressure regulator and the preservative in the range are compounded, so that the formed diluent has excellent chemical and physical properties; by adding the stabilizer, the diluent can keep stable for a long time, the influence of micron-sized bubbles on detection is effectively reduced, and the detection accuracy and precision are improved.

The invention relates to a polymyxin inhalation liquid preparation and a preparation method thereof. The polymyxin inhalation liquid preparation comprises 0.1-5% (W / V) of polymyxin B sulfate, 0.05-1% (W / V) of a stabilizer, 0.1-0.9% (W / V) of an osmotic pressure regulator, a pH value regulator and a solvent, the pH (Potential of Hydrogen) of the liquid preparation is 3.0 to 6.0; the solvent is selected from purified water and water for injection; the polymyxin inhalation solution provided by the invention is simple in composition, the pH value of the polymyxin inhalation solution is 3.0-6.0, osmotic pressure and isotonic pressure are simultaneously realized, bronchus spasm and cough caused by the polymyxin inhalation solution can be reduced, safety evaluation verifies that the polymyxin inhalation solution has better safety, and a new choice is provided for clinical application.

The invention provides an indoor shear test method and system for a slurry mixing pile and pasty slurry interface. According to the method, optical fiber osmotic pressure data of a pile-soil interface and temperature gradient data on the two sides are synchronously collected in the paste slurry solidification process, and a time-space correlation temperature osmotic coupling database is constructed. A shear box device provided with a circulating water temperature adjusting system is adopted, a temperature gradient environment in a database is reproduced, a pore communication curve and osmotic pressure dynamic binding data are combined, a pile-soil interface temperature field form is reversely deduced through finite element thermal-mechanical coupling calculation, and accordingly the slurry solidification and osmotic path direction is predicted. On the basis of a seepage path prediction result, dynamic adaptation of the shear load and the real-time thermodynamic state is achieved, database parameters are synchronously updated, and a closed-loop feedback mechanism in the test process is formed. According to the technical scheme, through multi-source data fusion and thermal coupling reverse calculation, accurate prediction of the pile-soil interface permeation path and dynamic optimization of the loading parameters are achieved.

The invention provides a control method, device and equipment for preparation of hypotonic nutritious food and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of preparation control of nutritious products. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a measured osmotic pressure corresponding to a mixed material of the to-be-prepared hypotonic nutritious food; the measured osmotic pressure is obtained by measuring the osmotic pressure of a material sample of the mixed material based on a freezing point method; inputting the measured osmotic pressure into the trained linear regression analysis model to obtain a predicted value of the peristalsis promotion rate; the model is obtained based on milk powder reconstituted fluid osmotic pressure and zebra fish intestine peristalsis promotion rate training. Determining a preparation process optimization scheme according to the predicted value of the peristalsis promotion rate and the early warning condition of the peristalsis promotion rate, and adjusting process parameters according to the preparation process optimization scheme; wherein the process parameters in the optimization scheme of the preparation process comprise one or more of the content range of different types of proteins, the ratio of exogenous calcium to milk-derived calcium, the homogenizing pressure and the spray drying temperature. According to the method, functional evaluation can be rapidly completed, and preparation parameters can be optimized.

The invention relates to the technical field of lubricants, in particular to a low-osmotic-pressure hyaluronic acid lubricant and a preparation method thereof. The low-osmotic-pressure hyaluronic acid lubricant disclosed by the invention is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight: 88.35 to 92.97 parts of purified water, 4 to 6 parts of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 2 to 5 parts of 1, 2-propylene glycol, 0.1 to 1 part of sodium hyaluronate, 0.01 to 0.1 part of aloe extract, 0.01 to 0.1 part of snail stock solution, 0.01 to 0.1 part of herba centellae extract, 0.05 to 0.06 part of phenoxyethanol, 0.45 to 0.55 part of ethylhexylglycerin and 0.01 to 0.03 part of lactic acid. The lubricant obtained by the preparation method disclosed by the invention can effectively improve the lubricating property and prolong the service life; by means of accurately controlling the dosage and proportion of each component, optimizing the preparation process and the like, multiple advantages of low osmotic pressure, moisturizing and lubrication, skin friendliness, stability, safety and the like are realized, the requirements of different crowds can be met, and comfortable use experience is provided.

The invention discloses a sheep semen diluent formula and a freezing method, and relates to the technical field of animal breeding, and every 100 mL of diluent is prepared from 0.28 g of functional amino acid, 0.07 g of bioactive peptide, 0.30 g of a buffering agent, 4.12 g of an osmotic pressure regulator and the balance ultrapure water. The preservation effect of the sheep semen is remarkably improved by accurately proportioning the functional amino acid, the bioactive peptide, the buffering agent and the osmotic pressure regulator, particularly, the specific concentration and proportion of the functional amino acid and the bioactive peptide provide necessary nutrition support for the semen, the activity and the survival rate of the semen are also promoted, and the survival rate of the semen is increased. By means of the innovative formula design, the sheep semen can still keep high quality after being diluted, a solid foundation is laid for follow-up cryopreservation, comprehensive protection of the biological activity of the sheep semen is achieved through careful component selection and concentration optimization, and the limitation of traditional diluents in component and effect is broken through.

The invention provides a capillary crystalline waterproof material with ultrahigh osmotic pressure resistance, and relates to the field of waterproof materials. The capillary crystalline waterproof material with ultrahigh osmotic pressure resistance is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40 to 60 percent of Portland cement, 1 to 10 percent of fly ash, 30 to 50 percent of quartz sand, 1 to 10 percent of hydroxyl modified molecular sieve crystallization master batch, 0.2 to 1 percent of water reducing agent, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of retarder, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of anti-cracking agent and 0.1 to 1 percent of defoaming agent, the preparation process comprises the following steps: firstly, premixing the Portland cement, the quartz sand and the fly ash; according to the capillary crystalline waterproof material with the ultrahigh osmotic pressure resistance, the CCCW coating has certain moisture inside by utilizing the ultra-large specific surface area of the molecular sieve, the moisture is released to participate in a hydration reaction and capture free calcium at the same time, and electron microscope characterization finds that a large number of crisscrossed needle-shaped or linear crystals are formed inside; a layer-by-layer overlapped net structure taking the molecular sieve as a framework is formed, and the anti-permeability performance is remarkably improved to 3.8 MPa.

To provide a forward osmosis membrane element which does not block a flow passage or does not cause a single flow in water flow in the flow passage.SOLUTION: A forward osmosis membrane element 1-1 includes: an outer frame 10; a pair of forward osmosis membranes 20, 30 fitted, oppositely to each other, onto both surfaces of an outer frame 10; flow passage walls 40-1 to 3 installed to form a flow passage R in an area S surrounded by the outer frame 10 and the pair of forward osmosis membranes 20, 30; and straightening walls 50-1 to 11 which are installed at positions dividing the flow passage R formed of the flow passage walls 40-1 to 3 and provided with water passing holes 51. While first fluid introduced through a flow passage port 11-1 provided in one end side of the flow passage R is guided through a flow passage port 11-2 provided in the other end side of the flow passage R, the forward osmosis membrane element 1-1 is impregnated to move water by osmotic pressure difference between the first fluid and the second fluid caused to contact outer surfaces of the pair of forward osmosis membranes 20, 30.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention discloses an osmotic pressure analysis method and device fusing model optimization and physical inversion and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: calculating correlation coefficients of a specified reservoir water level and osmotic pressure under different time lags based on cross-correlation function analysis, and recognizing a differential nonlinear feature corresponding to the maximum correlation coefficient; aiming at the differentiated nonlinear characteristics of different dam types, constructing a plurality of corresponding diagnosis prediction models in parallel, and establishing a model selection decision rule to select an optimal diagnosis model; according to delay parameters obtained through cross-correlation analysis, a permeability coefficient is reversely deduced through a pore medium heat transfer diffusion theoretical formula; according to the regression slope and the theoretical value attenuation factor of the optimal model, a permeability coefficient is reversely deduced in combination with a correction diffusion equation, credibility evaluation and weighted fusion are performed on the permeability coefficient, and a comprehensive permeability coefficient is calculated; and diagnosing the soil type and the permeability characteristic grade. According to the method, the propagation delay characteristic of reservoir water level change in the pore medium can be accurately quantified, and the inversion precision of the permeability coefficient and the engineering applicability are improved.

The invention discloses an atomized liquid dressing composition for repairing cell microvesicles and a preparation method of the atomized liquid dressing composition. Comprising the following raw materials: 1.0%-8.0% of a sugar source, 0.01%-10.0% of algal polysaccharides, 0.01%-5.0% of sodium alginate, 0.01%-2% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.001%-0.08% of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 0.1%-2% of hyaluronic acid, 0.5%-2% of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.1%-0.9% of sodium chloride, 0.03%-0.6% of a humectant, 0.05%-0.5% of an osmotic pressure regulator and the balance of distilled water or purified water. By means of sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose and the sugar source, the space structure of mucus can be changed, the mucoprotein concentration, cohesiveness and elasticity can be reduced, the pH value is adjusted in combination with sodium bicarbonate, decomposition and mutation of the sugar source are avoided, and then the storage stability of the atomized liquid dressing is improved.

The invention discloses an intelligent analysis and early warning method for reservoir seepage pressure data. The method comprises the following steps: extracting a seepage pressure value corresponding to each water level value at each moment from a preliminary screening database; preliminarily judging and eliminating logic error data by combining seepage pressure measuring point pipe orifices and sensor installation elevation data; eliminating abnormal osmotic pressure data under each water level by using a 3Sigma principle; feature engineering and a Z-score method are adopted to generate features, and the features are normalized; fitting a mapping relation between the water level of the reservoir and the water level of the piezometric tube through support vector regression, calculating a model residual error and generating an early warning range; and finally, comparing and analyzing the osmotic pressure data with the early warning range, and starting a corresponding early warning mechanism according to a difference result. Based on the characteristics of reservoir dam seepage pressure monitoring data, a machine learning technology and various statistical technologies are integrated, the precision and reliability of data analysis are remarkably improved, and the method is particularly suitable for the field of reservoir dam seepage pressure data analysis and early warning requiring high precision.

The invention discloses a soil or groundwater remediation agent in-situ precise injection and transmission effect evaluation test system, and belongs to the technical field of stratum pollution remediation. The device comprises a stratum simulation assembly, a stratum pressurization assembly and a parameter detection assembly, wherein the stratum simulation assembly comprises an experimental silo for storing a simulated stratum sample; the stratum pressurization assembly is arranged opposite to the experiment silo and can simulate pressure of different stratum depths; the parameter detection assembly comprises a plurality of pressure detection units which are vertically arranged at intervals along the experimental silo, each pressure detection unit comprises a capillary pressure measuring pipe and a plurality of pressure sensors, the capillary pressure measuring pipes are arranged in the radial direction of the experimental silo, and one end of each capillary pressure measuring pipe is communicated with the simulated stratum sample through the experimental silo; and the plurality of pressure sensors are arranged at intervals along the capillary piezometric tube so as to test the osmotic pressure of different positions of the capillary piezometric tube. Laboratory simulation can be carried out on the process of repairing the polluted stratum by the repairing liquid.

The invention provides an organ perfusate and a preparation method thereof. The Na ion concentration of the organ perfusate is 110-130 mmol / L, and the K ion concentration of the organ perfusate is 20-30 mmol / L; the organ perfusate is prepared from 0.024 mmol / L to 0.036 mmol / L of a colloid osmotic pressure substance, 100 mmol / L to 103 mmol / L of an impermeable substance, 0.001 mmol / L to 0.025 mmol / L of a cell protecting agent, 23 mmol / L to 38 mmol / L of a buffering substance, 3.015 mmol / L to 8.06 mmol / L of calcium and magnesium inorganic salt, 2.5 mmol / L to 6.5 mmol / L of an antioxidant and the balance of an energy substrate. Wherein the molar osmotic pressure of the organ perfusate is 290-320 mOsm / kg, and the viscosity of the organ perfusate at a preset temperature is lower than 2.0 cP; the colloid osmotic pressure substance is Pluronic F-68; and the cell protective agent is thyroxine.

Disclosed is a W / O / W type emulsified composition exhibiting excellent stability. This W / O / W type emulsified composition comprises: an inner water phase; an oil phase in which the inner water phase is dispersed; and an outer water phase in which the oil phase is dispersed. The inner water phase contains an osmotic pressure regulator. The osmotic pressure regulator generates the osmotic pressure between the inner water phase and the outer water phase. Contained as a surfactant for emulsifying the inner aqueous phase in the oil phase is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol dipolyhydroxystearate and polyglycerol fatty acid esters having an average degree of polymerization of glycerol of 2-9. The osmotic pressure regulator contains at least one selected from the group consisting of citric acid, citrates, and sulfates.

This invention relates to the field of biotechnology, specifically disclosing a protective agent composition for long-term preservation of Scutellaria baicalensis exosomes and its preparation method. The protective agent composition comprises an osmotic pressure regulator, a stabilizer, a buffer, and a solvent. By optimizing the ratio of each component, the stability of Scutellaria baicalensis exosomes at low temperatures is significantly improved, extending their active preservation time. This composition is suitable for applications in drug delivery, cosmetics, and disease treatment.

Devices including osmotically balanced barriers, and methods of making and using the same, are provided herein. A fluidic well may include a barrier having first and second sides. A first fluid within the fluidic well may contact the first side of the barrier, and may have a first composition including a first concentration of a salt. A second fluid within the fluidic well may contact the second side of the barrier and may have a second composition including a second concentration of the salt that is different than the first concentration. The difference between the first and second concentrations of the salt may generate a first osmotic pressure across the barrier. The second composition further may include a concentration of a compound other than the salt. The concentration of the compound may generate a second osmotic pressure across the barrier that opposes and substantially balances the first osmotic pressure.

A method of measuring tissue characteristics using a fluid line in fluid communication with subcutaneous tissue includes: applying a pressure distribution or a flow distribution to subcutaneous tissue via the fluid line, wherein the fluid line is isolated from atmospheric pressure; in response to the applied pressure distribution or the applied flow distribution, measuring a pressure value or a flow rate value over time; and calculating, using the at least one processor, at least one of: a time constant of pressure decay; fluid resistance of the tissue; permeability of tissues; mechanical compliance of the tissue; osmotic pressure of tissue interstitial fluid; capillary pressure in subcutaneous tissue; and the ionic strength of the interstitial fluid.

The invention relates to a single-dose pilocarpine hydrochloride eye drop composition and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of medicine preparation. The composition comprises a buffering agent, an osmotic pressure regulator and a solvent, and the composition does not contain a bacteriostatic agent. By using reasonable process preparation parameters, the prepared finished product is good in stability, the process parameters are simple and easy to operate, and the method has good application prospects and market value.