1349 results about "Nucleophilic substitution" patented technology

This invention is directed to making chemical derivatives of carbon nanotubes and to uses for the derivatized nanotubes, including making arrays as a basis for synthesis of carbon fibers. In one embodiment, this invention also provides a method for preparing single wall carbon nanotubes having substituents attached to the side wall of the nanotube by reacting single wall carbon nanotubes with fluorine gas and recovering fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes, then reacting fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes with a nucleophile. Some of the fluorine substituents are replaced by nucleophilic substitution. If desired, the remaining fluorine can be completely or partially eliminated to produce single wall carbon nanotubes having substituents attached to the side wall of the nanotube. The substituents will, of course, be dependent on the nucleophile, and preferred nucleophiles include alkyl lithium species such as methyl lithium. Alternatively, fluorine may be fully or partially removed from fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes by reacting the fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes with various amounts of hydrazine, substituted hydrazine or alkyl amine. The present invention also provides seed materials for growth of single wall carbon nanotubes comprising a plurality of single wall carbon nanotubes or short tubular molecules having a catalyst precursor moiety covalently bound or physisorbed on the outer surface of the sidewall to provide the optimum metal cluster size under conditions that result in migration of the metal moiety to the tube end.

The invention discloses a synthesis method of an alkali metal salt containing sulfonyl chloride or phosphorus imide: the alkali metal salt is prepared by subjecting compound (V-2) and sulfuryl chloride or phosphorus oxychloride to nucleophilic substitution under the presentation of acid binding agents; the invention further discloses a synthesis method of an alkali metal salt containing fluorine sulfonyl or phosphorus imide, the alkali metal salt is prepared by reacting (sulfonyl chloride) (perfluorinated alkyl) imide salt (V-1) or (dichloro phosphoryl) (perfluorinated alkyl sulfonyl) imide salt (V-2) with fluorinated reagents. The synthesis methods have the advantages that the experiment condition is mild, and the used materials are convenient to store and prepare; the preparation rate is high, the purification is simple, the preparation cost is low, and the methods are suitable for mass industrial preparation. The preparation rate and the purity of the resultants are high, and the resultants can be used as lithium salt electrolyte materials for lithium batteries, or for preparing catalytic agents, and for synthesizing high-performance ionic liquids.

The invention discloses modified graphene and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: performing oxidation treatment on natural flake graphite to obtain graphene oxide, and enabling graphene oxide to react with sulfoxide chloride to obtain graphene containing acyl chloride groups on the surface; then performing nucleophilic substitution reaction with 1,3-propane diamine, cyanuric chloride and a dihydric alcohol compound in sequence to obtain water-soluble graphene with hydroxyl groups on the surface, wherein the hydroxyl group content is 0.005-0.02%. Obtained modified graphene has relatively good water solubility, and is beneficial to stable dispersion of graphene; by adopting the characteristics of modified graphene, modified graphene can be mixed and uniformly dispersed with other concrete preparation materials very conveniently to prepare a reinforcing and toughening concrete product. In addition, operating conditions for preparing modified graphene can be easily met; moreover, modified graphene disclosed by the invention is easily-available in raw material, can be used for effectively reducing the cost and improving the economic benefits, and has relatively good application prospects.

The invention relates to a 5-site or 6-site substituent naphthalimide compound and antitumor applications thereof, which belongs to the fine chemical field. The compound is characterized in that various aliphatic amidogen, heterocyclic amidogen, aryl and Ar aryl are respectively introduced into the 5-site or 6-site of the naphthalimide by a nucleophilic substitution reaction to obtain small molecule compound similar to a lead compound amonafide structure. The small molecule compound has obvious inhibiting activity in vitro test on Hela and P388D1, and wherein, some compounds have stronger cytotoxicity than the amonafide under the same test conditions. In addition, the structures of the compounds take on diversity; the compounds without acetylation sites can be prevented from having the side effect similar to the amonafide; the other compounds with the acetylation sites can be prevented from having the side effect by personalized administration, therefore, the compound has medical application prospect in curing diseases related to tumors.

The invention discloses a heptatomic condensed ring benzotriazole receptor micromolecule and a preparation method and application thereof. The compound takes heptatomic condensed ring benzotriazole (B) with an alkyl chain as intercalated nucleus, and cyan group as n-type fullerene receptor material (BIC) of an electrophilic unit. The preparation method comprises the following steps: by taking 4,7-dibromo-5,6-dinitro benzotriazole compound as a raw material, sequentially introducing thienothiophene with an alkyl chain by stille coupling reaction, then performing loop closing, introducing the alkyl chain to N by nucleophilic substitution, introducing aldehyde group via Vilsmeier-Haack, and then introducing a polar conjugation unit by Knoevenage reaction, so as to obtain a BIC compound; the micromolecule forms definite conformation and good solubility, has an electron receptor unit with universality, obtains a high efficiency (PCE of 13%) on a solar cell, and thus is a photovoltaic material full of potential.

The invention discloses an oxetane compound applied to cationic photocuring systems. The oxetane compound is formed by a compound containing at least one hydroxyl group and at least one oxetane groupand halogenated hydrocarbon via nucleophilic substitution reaction, is not sensitive to humidity, and has the advantages of being high in reactivity, low in odor and viscosity, and strong in adhesion.

A process for manufacturing (R)-propynylaminoindans, and alternatively, a process for manufacturing (S)-propynylaminoindans. The chiral propynylaminoindans include alkoxy or alkylcarbamates derivatives. The process comprises transfer or pressure hydrogenation in the presence of an optically active catalyst to reduce 1-indanones. The chiral product, either (S)- or (R)-indanols undergo nucleophilic substitution to produce the named product. In an additional aspect, the invention relates to novel intermediates and compounds, namely, substituted indanones, substituted (S)-indanols and substituted (R)-indanols.

A disclosed preparation method for an apixaban intermediate comprises the following steps: step (1), performing an amidation reaction shown in the specification on a compound 3 and a compound M in an organic solvent under the effect of an organic alkali to obtain a reaction solution containing a compound 3'; and step (2), under the effect of an inorganic base, directly performing an nucleophilic substitution reaction shown in the specification on the reaction solution obtained in the step (1) to prepare a compound 4, and performing a nitration reaction on the compound 4 under the effect of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid to prepare a compound 5. The preparation method provided by the invention is low in cost, simple in operation and suitable for industrialization.

The invention discloses a preparation method for a double quaternary ammonium side long chain anion-exchange membrane. The preparation method is characterized in that a dual-functional monomer with both tertiary amine group and quaternary ammonium group performs nucleophilic substitution on the main polymer chain with live benzyl bromine, benzyl chloride or chlorine acyl group, so as to obtain the double quaternary ammonium side long chain anion-exchange membrane. The raw materials are cheap and are easy to obtain, the preparation method is simple and is applicable to large scale industrial production, and the prepared anion-exchange membrane has the advantages of high ion conductivity, long service life, excellent mechanical property, and good solubility.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a three-dimensional graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine/carboxymethyl cellulose composite material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: performing nucleophilic substitution of an amino group on a molecular chain of polyethyleneimine and a carboxyl group and an epoxy group on the surface of graphene oxide to prepare a graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine composite material, and then with glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent, further modifying the graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine by using carboxymethyl cellulose to obtain the three-dimensional graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine/carboxymethyl cellulose composite material. Through introduction of the carboxymethyl cellulose, the number of negatively charged oxygen-containing adsorption sites of the material is increased, and a three-dimensional spatial structure is formed, so that the adsorption performance is further improved. Under a weak acid condition, the three-dimensional graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine/carboxymethyl cellulose composite material has a very good Pb<2+> adsorbing effect, and the adsorption capacity of the three-dimensional graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine/carboxymethyl cellulose composite material is 34.6% higher than that of the graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine, so that the three-dimensional graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine/carboxymethyl cellulose composite material can be applied to heavy metal adsorption treatment.

The invention relates to a heptamethine cyanine active fluorescent probe and a preparation method and application thereof. The structural formula of the heptamethine cyanine active fluorescent probe is as shown in the specification, wherein X=II-IX; each of R1 and R2 is (CH2)mCH3, (CH2)nOH, (CH2CH2O)pCH3 and CH2C6H5; each of R3 and R4 is H, SO3H, SO3Na and SO3K; each of a, b, c, d, e, f and g is 2-8; each of n, m and p is 1-10. The heptamethine cyanine active fluorescent probe has the advantages that the heptamethine cyanine active fluorescent probe is based on near-infrared long-wave heptamethine cyanine dye, indoline is selected as the aroma parent nucleus to increase fluorescence intensity, and methenyl chain intermediate cyclohexene rigid bridging enhances stability; nitrogen derivatives with chemical reactivity sites are used to perform nucleophilic substitution on the meso-position of the heptamethine cyanine parent dye, and accordingly Stokes shift and active chemical groups areincreased greatly to facilitate the fluorescent labeling of various substances; the fluorescent probe is of a symmetrical structure, preparation and purification processes are simplified, and cost islowered favorably; the probe can be used as the fluorescent labeling probe of biological molecules such as high-sensitivity protein, sugar and DNA and nano carriers to perform cell or living-body horizontal fluorescence imaging, and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical engineering and in particular relates to a layer-by-layer clicked, bonded and self-assembled graphene oxide polyolefin separation membrane and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing an unmodified polyolefin separation membrane with bromine and irradiating bromine by ultraviolet light so as to prepare a bromo-membrane; performing nucleophilic substitution on the bromo-membrane and sodium azide to prepare a polymer membrane with an azide group; preparing graphene oxide with the azide group and alkynyl by using open-looping and condensation methods; performing layer-by-layer clicking, bonding and self-assembling on the graphene oxide with the azide group and alkynyl to be formed onto the surface of the polyolefin separation membrane with the azide group, thereby achieving layer-by-layer clicking and self-assembling modification on graphene oxide on the surface of the polyolefin separation membrane. The preparation method is a universal method for polyolefin separation membrane surface modification. The hydrophilia and the anti-pollution property of the polymer membrane are improved, the polyolefin separation membrane is permanently modified, and thus the polyolefin separation membrane can be widely applied to the field of chemical engineering.

A preparing method of Idelalisib (I) is disclosed. The preparing method includes following steps of: subjecting R-2-hydroxybutyrate (II) and 6-amino-9H-purine to nucleophilic substitution under actions of a leaving agent and an acid-binding agent to produce an intermediate S-2-(N-9H-purin-6-yl)aminobutyrate (III); subjecting the intermediate (III) and 2-amino-6-fluorobenzoic acid to amidation under actions of a catalyst to produce S-2-(N-9H-purin-6-yl)amino-N-(2-carboxyl-3-fluorophenyl)butyramide (IV); subjecting the intermediate (IV) to a cyclization reaction in acetic anhydride; and performing a substitution reaction with phenylamine to obtain the Idelalisib (I). The preparing method has characteristics of easily available raw materials, simple and concise process, capability of being economical and environmental friendly, and suitability for industrial production.

The invention discloses a macromolecular expansion type flame retardant containing a hindered amine structure and a preparation method and application of the macromolecular expansion type flame retardant. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a substituted hindered amine triazine compound through nucleophilic substitution between a hindered amine monomer and cyanuric chloride under the condition of -5 DEG C to 10 DEG C; reacting the substituted hindered amine triazine compound with phosphorodiamidate and the like in sequence respectively under the conditions of 40 DEG C to 60 DEG C and 90 to 120 DEG C; and finally preparing the macromolecular expansion type flame retardant containing the hindered amine structure, and applying the macromolecular expansion type flame retardant to flame retardant modification of a polymer. Compared with the prior art, the macromolecular expansion type flame retardant prepared by the method has excellent heat stability, charring property and water-proof property, polypropylene can be endowed with good flame retardant property and weatherability after a little of flame retardant is added, and the prepared flame retardant polypropylene material can be widely applied to the fields such as automobile exteriors, furniture and appliances, electric wires, building materials and the like.

The invention discloses diamine monomer containing diphenylamine-fluorene, a preparation method and the application of same in polyimide preparation and belongs to the technical field of organic compound preparation. The monomer is N, N-dual (4-aminophenyl)-9, 9-dimethyl fluorene. A synthetic method comprise the following two steps that 1, under the action of cesium fluoride, 2 amino-9, 9-dimethyl fluorene and p-fluoronitrobenzene are subjected to nucleophilic substitution, and the N, N-dual (4-aminophenyl)-9, 9-dimethyl fluorene is obtained; then Pd/C serves as a catalyst and hydrazine hydrate serves as a reducing agent, and the N, N-dual (4-aminophenyl)-9, 9-dimethyl fluorene is obtained. According to the application, the N, N-dual (4-aminophenyl)-9, 9-dimethyl fluorene diamine monomer is involved into reaction with various dianhydride, and polyimide is obtained through the preparation. According to the diamine monomer containing the diphenylamine-fluorene, the preparation method and the application of same in polyimide preparation, by means of the structure peculiar to the diamine monomer, obtained polymer has good solubleness, and the unique photoelectric property is achieved; the diamine monomer and the polyimide obtained with the diamine monomer have vast application prospect in such fields as electroluminescence, cavity transmission and electrochromism.

Nucleophilic substitution reactions of halogenated polymers and azoles are used to produce derivatives of polyolefins bear pendant azolium ionomers. These uncured ionomers are useful in adhesive, antimicrobial applications, as well as in polymer composites and polymer blends. Furthermore, these azolium ionomers' ion pairs can bear reactive functionality, which provides access to further reactions that were unavailable using previous technology. Advantageously, such reactive ionomer derivatives of polyolefins can be cured by free radical and moisture-curing chemistry that was unaccessible to the halogenated polymer parent material.

The invention provides a reduction-sensitive-type water-soluble molecularly-targeted photosensitizer. The photosensitizer is a conjugate which is formed by sequentially connecting meso-tetrahydroxy phenyl chlorine (mTHPC) with a folic acid group through a carbonic ester bond, a disulfide bond and a PEG chain. The invention further provides a chlorine intermediate and a folic acid PEG cysteine amide intermediate which are used for preparing the photosensitizer and a preparation method of the targeted photosensitizer. According to the photosensitizer which has the good tumor targeting performance, the photodynamic activity and water solubility, by introducing the disulfide bond and the carbonic ester bond into the molecular structure, the targeted photosensitizer can generate an exchange reaction of a sulfydryl and the disulfide bond and a nucleophilic substitution reaction in molecules in a strong reducing environment of a tumor cell after entering the cell, therefore, the mTHPC is completely released, and it is guaranteed that the photodynamic activity of the mTHPC cannot be reduced due to the structural change.

The invention discloses a preparation method for tazobactam. The preparation method comprises the following steps: with benzhydryl s-oxopenicillanate as a raw material, successively carrying out thermal cracking, bromination, catalytic oxidation and a reaction with 1H-1,2,3-triazole under the action of an anion resin carrier so as to obtain an important intermediate 2beta-(1H-1,2,3-triazolyl)-2alpha-methyl-benzhydryl penicillanate-1beta-oxide; and carrying out potassium permanganate oxidation and then protective group removal under the action of meta-cresol so as to obtain the target product tazobactam. The invention is characterized in that a sulfur atom is subjected to monooxidation so as to improve compound stability, then a nucleophilic substitution reaction with 1H-1,2,3-triazole is carried out so as to effectively control the possibility of ring enlargement during introduction of a triazole ring, and total yield is increased to 68%. The preparation method has the advantages of stable process, simple and convenient operation, easy separation and purification of the reaction product, a small amount of waste gas, waste water and industrial residues, high yield and suitability for clean, industrial and large-scale production.

Disclosed is a functionalized nanoparticle of a metal oxide. The nanoparticle has at its surface at least one organic moiety. The moiety is covalently bonded to the surface of the nanoparticle via at least one Si—O bond. The moiety has a functional group suitable for nucleophilic substitution. The nucleophilic substitution reaction can be used to attach any desired organic compound to the surface of the nanoparticle.

The invention belongs to the technical field of ion exchange membranes, and relates to a nonionic hydrophilic side-chain polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane and a preparation method thereof. The method is completed by the steps of deprotonation of PBI, nucleophilic substitution, membrane formation, acid absorption and the like. The nonionic hydrophilic side chain induces the formation of a microscopic phase separation structure and hydrophilic nano channels in the membrane; and as an effective proton transfer path, the hydrophilic nano channels obviously enhance the proton conductivity of the membrane. Meanwhile, due to the moderate pore size of the hydrophilic nano channels and the Donnan effect of the protonated PBI, the vanadium ion permeability of the membrane is low. In addition, no ion-exchange group is introduced, so the grafted PBI membrane maintains favorable chemical stability of the original PBI membrane in an all-vanadium redox flow battery. The nonionic hydrophilic side-chainPBI membrane has favorable comprehensive properties, i.e., has superhigh proton conductivity, high ion permselectivity and favorable chemical stability.

The invention provides four triptolide derivatives and a preparation method of corresponding agents, which uses triptolide as raw material, via acylation and nucleophilic substitution to obtain triptolide derivative to be reacted with acid or alkyl halide to obtain a corresponding salt which can be added with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants to prepare relative agent-freeze-driedpowder.