1334results about "Material thermal conductivity" patented technology

The invention discloses a real fire test device and test method for a large-diameter cable test model. The device comprises a multi-dimensional adjusting system, a real fire control system, a temperature monitoring system, a calorimetric and flue gas purification system, a high-temperature-resistant video recording device, a thermal imager and the large-diameter cable test model. The multi-dimensional adjusting system comprises a stand column fixed with a guide rail, a cross beam capable of moving along the guide rail, and a height adjusting system and an angle adjusting system capable of adjusting the height and the angle of the large-diameter cable test model; the real fire control system can control the opening degree of a premixing burner and the frequency of a fan so as to control the intensity of a fire source, so that real fire scenes of different types of vehicle fires are provided; before the large-diameter cable test model is tested, a space temperature field needs to be calibrated, and then the space position of the large-diameter cable test model is determined. According to the invention, a scheme can be provided for the fireproof performance test of the large-diameter cable test model of the bridge in a real space state, and technical support is provided for the fireproof design of the large-diameter cable test model of the large-span bridge.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil physical property detection, in particular to a soil moisture content intelligent monitoring control method and system, and the method comprises the steps: multi-modal sensor data collection: deploying a multi-modal sensor array in a to-be-detected soil area; interference compensation and correction; self-adaptive calibration is carried out; water phase state distinguishing and soil moisture content index calculation; 4, soil moisture content evaluation: comprehensively evaluating the actual water content, the effective water content, the soil moisture content index and the water phase state information obtained in the step 4, and setting different grade threshold values to obtain a soil moisture content evaluation result; and intelligent control decision and execution: taking the soil moisture content evaluation result as input, and generating a corresponding control decision. The intelligent monitoring and controlling system for the soil moisture content can monitor the soil moisture condition in real time and can improve the precision and efficiency of agricultural irrigation through intelligent compensation, calibration and decision optimization, and therefore the purposes of water saving and efficient crop management are achieved.

The invention discloses a thermal insulation performance detection method and system for a composite wallboard, and relates to the technical field of building material detection, and the method comprises the steps: dividing a composite wallboard sample into a plurality of grids, setting an inversion starting point for each grid according to initial data, starting an inversion algorithm to gradually adjust the heat conductivity coefficient of each grid, and generating a heat conductivity coefficient distribution diagram, calculating the average heat conductivity coefficient and the overall thermal resistance value of the sample; the test platform applies full-automatic thermal excitation and sound wave excitation to a sample, collects sound signals and thermal imaging data related to internal defects of the composite wallboard, calculates the optimal matching time point of the sound signals and the thermal imaging data, and extracts defect related characteristics in the sound signals and temperature anomaly characteristics in thermal imaging in a double-flow processing mode. Generating a comprehensive defect distribution diagram, and comparing the comprehensive defect distribution diagram with the heat conductivity coefficient distribution diagram and the average heat conductivity coefficient to obtain preliminary judgment; through acoustic-thermal multi-mode cooperative detection, the spatial distribution of tiny defects in a sample is accurately positioned, and the influence of the tiny defects on the heat-conducting property is judged.

The system includes a first laser light source configured to emit laser light, a first focusing lens configured to direct the laser light from the first laser light onto a first face of a workpiece, a thermal camera configured to capture a thermal image of a second face of the workpiece that is orthogonal to the first face, and a processor configured to identify a crack in the workpiece based on the thermal image.

The invention relates to the technical field of heat preservation and energy conservation, and particularly discloses a system for testing the heat conductivity coefficient of a pipeline heat preservation material under an engineering meteorological environment condition, which comprises a straight pipe test piece with calibration ends fixedly mounted at two ends, and a heat preservation covering material wrapped on the outer wall of the straight pipe test piece to form a pipe fitting to be tested; the ventilation hood is positioned in the sealed space; air pipes at the output end of the air conditioning system are all located in the sealed space, and air outlets of the air conditioning system directly face the ventilation hood. By simulating multi-parameter coupling working conditions such as in-pipe medium temperature gradient, external temperature and humidity / wind speed circulation and mechanical vibration, the heat conductivity coefficient of the material is dynamically corrected, whether the heat conductivity performance of each layer of material meets the standard specification or not is verified, and the rationality of the composite structure is quantitatively evaluated based on a thermal resistance network model. Data support is provided for optimizing the heat preservation layer combination mode and thickness design, and the problem of design deviation caused by the fact that a traditional method cannot reflect actual engineering working conditions is solved.

The invention discloses an earth heat flow joint inversion calculation method, device and system, and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: 1, obtaining a temperature constraint value; 2, obtaining a thermal parameter constraint value; 3, determining value ranges of thermal conductivity and heat generation rate parameters of each layer section; 4, constructing an initial temperature profile; 5, carrying out inversion optimization to obtain an optimal thermal parameter; and 6, calculating and extracting an earth heat flow value. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, a high-precision and high-reliability earth heat flow value can be obtained under the constraint of a small amount of measured data.

The invention discloses a thermal tracing test device and method for determining the comprehensive hydrogeological condition of an aquifer, and the device comprises a water storage system, a medium groove, a heating system, and a distributed optical fiber data collection system. The device is simple in structure and intelligent and convenient to operate, instantaneous / continuous linear heat source excitation can be achieved through the heating system, and the water pressure and temperature change conditions of all positions are monitored in real time through the distributed optical fiber data acquisition system; the comprehensive hydrogeological parameters such as the flow velocity, the flow direction, the permeability coefficient, the thermal diffusion coefficient, the thermal capacity and the heat conductivity coefficient of underground water are studied, the heating system and the distributed optical fiber data acquisition system can be used for indoor tests and field tests, operation is easy and convenient, data precision is high, and practicability is high.

To provide a quenching simulation method for steel with high accuracy.SOLUTION: Provided is a quenching simulation method for steel, comprising: a calculation section 1 calculating a distribution of temperatures by a heat conduction analysis using a finite element method after inputting each of steel phases and physical properties at each of steel temperatures to separate a shape model; a calculation section 2 calculating distribution of strain or stress by an elastoplastic analysis; a calculation section 3 calculating distribution of phase fraction through calculation of a basic equation representing phase transformation; and a calculation section 4 calculating distribution of cooling speed from time change of temperature of each of elements, the method comprising a step of carrying out coupled analysis using phase transformation parameters of the steel calculated from the cooling speed calculated with the calculation section 4 on a procedure to calculate the phase fraction in the calculation section 3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention discloses a method for determining the critical safety diameter of an emulsion drop of a liquid energetic material synthesis reaction conveying pipeline, which comprises the following steps of: curing and heating a sampled emulsion, determining pyrolysis kinetic parameters of the detected emulsion, constructing a heat production and heat transfer heat insulation system model of a mixed solution of an acid ester emulsion and the emulsion drop by utilizing Comsol, and determining the critical safety diameter of the emulsion drop of the liquid energetic material synthesis reaction conveying pipeline. Calculating a temperature rise change rule of the mixed liquid heat insulation system under different emulsion droplet sizes, determining a function relationship between the emulsion droplet particle size and the temperature rise of the mixed liquid heat insulation system, and deriving to obtain the critical safety diameter of the emulsion droplet; the method comprises the following steps: adsorbing emulsified liquid by using a porous particle material, testing whether the emulsified liquid explodes due to collision and friction of emulsified liquid with different pore diameters at different rates in an impact tank-piston device to obtain the relationship among the movement rate of emulsified liquid drops, the particle size of the emulsified liquid drops and the explosion risk, and determining the explosion risk of the emulsified liquid drops under a specific conveying speed condition according to the relationship. The liquid energetic material is used for synthesizing the optimal size of emulsified liquid drops in a reaction mixed solution.

The present invention relates to a monitoring system (100) with a gas measuring device (72) and a method for operating a monitoring system (100). The monitoring system (100) serves to monitor the breathing gas supply of an aircraft pilot in an aircraft. The main components of the breathing gas (10) are air (5), i.e., essentially defined amounts of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and moisture or water vapor. To assess whether a breathing gas mixture meets certain requirements for an aircraft pilot, information about the precise percentage proportions of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the breathing gas mixture is essential. The monitoring system (100) with the gas measuring device (72) offers possibilities for obtaining estimates (44) with regard to possible contamination by other components in the breathing gas supply of an aircraft pilot.

The invention discloses a vacuum brazing quality detection method for a heat dissipation structure and related equipment, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining heat flux density distribution data of the heat dissipation structure, and dividing the heat dissipation structure into different functional regions according to a thermal efficiency index; differential thermal pulses are applied to the heat dissipation structure in the vacuum brazing process, and thermal pulse response data and technological process monitoring data are obtained; calculating a thermal response characteristic parameter, comparing the thermal response characteristic parameter with a preset parameter range, identifying an abnormal state and generating a process adjustment instruction; performing time-space synchronization processing on the thermal response characteristic parameters and technological process monitoring data, and determining defect types, positions and severity; and performing a thermal load test to obtain heat conduction characteristic data, and quantitatively evaluating the structural integrity and the heat conduction performance of the brazed joint surface. According to the method, the defects of the internal joint surface can be detected in real time in the vacuum brazing process, the heat dissipation performance is accurately evaluated, and the limitation of a traditional detection method in coping with a complex geometric structure is solved.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of graphene thermal conductivity detection, and relates to a graphene thermal conductivity detection system and method based on data analysis. The system follows the principle that a graphene material that can still better exert thermal conductivity under various thermal conductivity influencing factors has better thermal conductivity, and accurately quantifies key parameters such as boundary effect changes, crystal orientation changes, heat flow path changes, and thermal conductivity weakening degree, thereby providing accurate data support for evaluating the comprehensive thermal conductivity of graphene materials. The system comprehensively and deeply evaluates the potential of the comprehensive thermal conductivity of target graphene materials under the influence of structural shape, structural defects, and base material thermal resistance, and not only considers the thermal conductivity performance of graphene materials under different conditions, but also deeply explores the essential characteristics of its thermal conductivity, providing a more direct and scientific basis for evaluating the thermal conductivity of graphene in different application scenarios.

A thermal conductivity sensor for measuring a concentration of a gas, the sensor comprising: a substrate portion; a dielectric layer comprising a dielectric membrane, wherein the dielectric membrane is provided with a heater; a first gap between the substrate portion and the dielectric membrane wherein the primary dielectric membrane is located above the first primary gap; and a micro-machined cap layer; a second gap located between the cap layer and the dielectric membrane. A method of manufacturing a thermal conductivity sensor is also described.

A device for ascertaining a property of a fluid, having: an electric conductor assembly which is designed to be at least partly brought into contact with the fluid and which is designed as a voltage divider with two elements, wherein the first element is a first conductor which, at least in a current-conducting state, has a resistance value that differs from that of the second element; a measuring bridge with two voltage dividers connected in parallel, one of said voltage dividers being formed by the electric conductor assembly; an actuation unit for applying an AC voltage to the measuring bridge; a voltage detection unit for detecting a bridge voltage; and an analysis unit which is configured to ascertain a thermal conductivity as the property of the fluid by analyzing the bridge voltage using the 3-omega method.

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal insulation material detection, in particular to a thermal insulation material performance testing device which comprises a testing box body, a box cover is detachably installed at the upper end of the testing box body, an extrusion guide assembly is arranged in the testing box body, and the extrusion guide assembly comprises a bearing frame fixedly installed on the rear side wall in the testing box body. The output end of the first electric cylinder penetrates through the bearing frame and is fixedly provided with an extrusion base. The lower end face of the extrusion base is provided with an assembly groove. An elastic extrusion assembly is arranged inside and outside the test box body, and the elastic extrusion assembly comprises an elastic extrusion air bag movably mounted in the assembly groove. The extrusion of the elastic extrusion air bag on the extrusion plate is expanded from the middle to the left side and the right side, so that air at the contact part of the thermal insulation material and the hot wire sensor can be extruded out from the middle position to the outer side, the air can be discharged more quickly by optimizing the extrusion mode, and the thermal insulation material and the hot wire sensor can be in a tight contact state more quickly.

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, and provides a titanium alloy thin-wall part machining precision automatic detection method and device. The method comprises the steps of performing heating treatment on an object to be detected and a compliant part corresponding to the object to be detected in a preset time period, and performing global shooting on the object to be detected and the compliant part in the process of performing heating treatment on the object to be detected and the compliant part, obtaining a first thermal imaging video set corresponding to the to-be-measured object and a second thermal imaging video set corresponding to the compliant part; for each first thermal imaging video, determining a target second thermal imaging video matched with the first thermal imaging video in the second thermal imaging video set, and performing comparative analysis on the first thermal imaging video and the target second thermal imaging video to obtain target difference information between the first thermal imaging video and the target second thermal imaging video; and generating a processing precision detection result corresponding to the to-be-detected object based on each piece of target difference information. The method improves the detection precision.

This method is applicable to the technical field of bridge construction and provides a method for real-time monitoring and evaluation of the force-bearing state during the casting process of a steel-pipe concrete arch bridge. The solution involves identifying environmental background points in the RGB three-dimensional matrix for the entire bridge within the range between the maximum and minimum RGB values ​​in the local RGB three-dimensional matrix for the steel pipe, representing environmental background temperature points in the temperature information matrix, and identifying concrete pouring points based on whether the unit matrix condition for the temperature of the steel dome pipe is met. The system also obtains the horizontal axis of the pixel at the center of the poured liquid surface in the left and right half arches in a Cartesian coordinate system, divides the entire arch rib to be poured into 2n equal parts, and calculates the cross-sectional displacement response of each structure based on the cross-sectional displacement caused by the load action of each segment. This allows for real-time, efficient, and accurate observation of the difference in concrete liquid surface level on both sides, allowing for the structural response during pouring to be determined and reducing the construction risk of arch bridges.

The invention relates to the technical field of crude oil storage tank safety testing, and particularly discloses a crude oil storage tank combustion boiling overflow simulation testing device which comprises an experiment table, an oil tray, a sampling assembly and a measuring assembly, the oil tray is connected to the experiment table, and the measuring assembly comprises a plurality of heat flow meters, a thermocouple, a camera and an infrared camera. The heat flow meters are arranged at the bottom, in the middle and outside the oil pan respectively and used for measuring and obtaining internal and external heat conduction intensity data of the oil pan when crude oil burns. The thermocouple is connected in the oil pan through the mounting frame and used for measuring and obtaining data of the temperature of the center line of the oil pan, the formation position of a hot area and the temperature in the hot area, the camera is used for obtaining image data of the flame height, the splashing area contour and the combustion area contour which change along with time, and the infrared camera is used for obtaining image data of the thermal radiation area contour; the sampling assembly is connected to one side of the oil pan and used for sampling and detecting non-azeotropic oil in a hot area in the oil pan. The device can provide more comprehensive data support for disaster relief.

A synchronous test device and test method for specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity are provided. [Solution] The method includes: performing a test using a synchronous testing device for specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, obtaining test temperatures collected by the assembly to be measured from a first thermocouple and a second thermocouple after heating to a quasi-steady state stage; determining a change relationship of the surface temperature of the assembly to be measured with distance based on the test temperatures of sampling points on the circumference collected by the second thermocouple; determining a calculated temperature of the circle center based on the change relationship; and determining the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the assembly to be measured based on the test temperatures collected by the first thermocouple, the temperatures of the sampling points at the circle center, and the calculated temperature at the circle center. The present invention can realize synchronous and accurate measurement of the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of thermal conductive materials.

The invention discloses a frozen soil thermal characteristic measuring device and method based on a thermal pulse method, and the method comprises the steps: heating a cylindrical heating probe through a heater at a constant power, detecting the temperature of the cylindrical heating probe through a first temperature probe, and uploading the temperature to a cloud through a transmission unit; meanwhile, the data recorder displays the temperature data of the second temperature probe and the first temperature probe in real time; keeping the temperature of the cylindrical heating probe constant; a frozen soil sample is heated by the cylindrical heating probe, a temperature penetration curve of the frozen soil sample is obtained, and then the volume diffusivity and the volume thermal conductivity of the frozen soil sample are obtained. According to the method, the highest space temperature can be effectively kept below the freezing point, so that the overall thermal performance of the quartz sand and the ice content is estimated, and the accuracy of estimating the overall thermal performance of the frozen soil sample in the cold region is improved.

A thermal conductivity sensor for measuring a concentration of a gas, the sensor comprising: a substrate portion; a dielectric layer comprising a dielectric membrane, wherein the dielectric membrane is provided with a heater; a first gap between the substrate portion and the dielectric membrane wherein the primary dielectric membrane is located above the first primary gap; and a micro-machined cap layer; a second gap located between the cap layer and the dielectric membrane. A method of manufacturing a thermal conductivity sensor is also described.

The invention relates to the field of fire disasters, in particular to a cable power temperature rise and heat transfer simulation test method. The method comprises the following steps that S1, the heat transfer stage of the cable and the temperature rising parameter of the cable under the power-on condition are obtained in real time, the heat transfer stage at least comprises a simulation stage, and the simulation stage specifically comprises the steps that the outer surface of an insulating layer is subjected to the radial heat conduction effect at the same time, and the heat convection effect is generated between the outer surface of the insulating layer and air for heat dissipation; and S2, acquiring basic parameters of the cable, and inputting the basic parameters and the temperature rise parameters into the trained cable core power-on temperature rise model according to a heat transfer stage of the cable to obtain a current-cable outer surface temperature rise characteristic curve in a simulation stage in a power-on process. According to the invention, simulation of temperature rise and heat transfer of the cable under different currents and voltages can be realized under the cable electrification condition, and data support is provided for characteristic parameters of the cable in the early stage of a fire in a cable combustion test.

Methods and systems are provided for predicting thermal properties of a subsurface rock formation. A training dataset is derived from petrophysical properties of a plurality of formation rock samples and thermal properties of the plurality of formation rock samples. The training dataset is used to train a machine learning model that predicts label data representing the predefined set of thermal properties given input data representing the predefined set of petrophysical properties of an arbitrary formation rock sample. The machine learning model can be validated and deployed for use in predicting thermal properties of subsurface rock formations.

The invention relates to the technical field of material science, and particularly discloses a method for testing photoelectric and thermal characteristics of a semiconductor device, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring crystal impurity evaluation parameters of the semiconductor device to perform crystal impurity evaluation of the semiconductor device, and acquiring a crystal impurity interference correction value, the method comprises the steps of obtaining a thermal characteristic parameter set and a light characteristic parameter set of a semiconductor device, determining a test temperature array and a test light intensity array, determining a plurality of photo-thermal coupling test schemes based on the test temperature array and the test light intensity array, applying each photo-thermal coupling test scheme to the semiconductor device and obtaining an electrical characteristic tested data set, according to the method, the electrical characteristic tested value is calculated based on the electrical characteristic tested data set corresponding to each photo-thermal coupling test scheme, the optimal photo-thermal coupling test scheme is determined, the rationality and adaptability of formulating the photo-thermal coupling test scheme are improved, and it is ensured that the test result can reflect the characteristic performance of the semiconductor device in various environments.

The invention discloses a thermal wave detection method for hole defects in a plate in a complex environment, and relates to a profile detection method which is realized by fusing an edge detection algorithm, heat transfer theory and deep learning. The heat transfer model is interacted with Ansys simulation software through a Python programming language and a PyAnsys library, and material attribute data is established; the deep learning model is composed of a yov5 visual recognition algorithm, and the edge detection algorithm is a Canny edge detection algorithm; firstly, an initial model of heat transfer theory is established, then a simulation model is reversely corrected through detection results of deep learning and an edge detection algorithm, and finally, the defect edge of the hole in the plate is detected. According to the method, the plate defects are detected through fusion of an edge detection algorithm and finite element heat transfer model deep learning, and the situation that hole edge detection is inaccurate due to low contrast, unclear boundary and noise area interference of a thermal image in a complex environment is avoided.

The invention belongs to the field of thermal resistance measurement of power devices, and particularly discloses a junction-to-case thermal resistance measurement method and device for a double-sided heat dissipation module. On the premise that the double-sided heat dissipation module is always in double-sided cooling, the double-sided junction-to-case thermal resistance of the to-be-tested device is determined by using the transient double-interface method under the top surface separation condition, and then the double-sided junction-to-case thermal resistance of the to-be-tested device is determined by using the transient double-interface method under the bottom surface separation condition. And according to the double-sided junction-to-case thermal resistances of the device to be tested obtained under the two separation conditions, the top surface junction-to-case thermal resistance and the bottom surface junction-to-case thermal resistance of the device to be tested are obtained through top surface and bottom surface heat flow proportion decoupling calculation. According to the invention, through decoupling calculation of the heat flow proportion of the top surface and the bottom surface, the influence of the asymmetric structure of the top surface and the bottom surface is eliminated, the measurement precision of the junction-to-case thermal resistance is high, and the problem that the traditional TDIM cannot directly measure the single-sided junction-to-case thermal resistance of the crimped IGBT under the condition of double-sided cooling is solved.

The invention discloses a resin-based material ablation heat transfer simulation method considering microstructure evolution, which comprises the following steps of: cutting material samples from different positions of a pneumatically heated material to obtain a material density value, calculating to obtain a pyrolysis degree, further obtaining matrix physical properties under different pyrolysis degrees, and simultaneously observing the microstructure of each material sample to obtain the thermal conductivity of the resin-based material. According to the method, the microstructure morphology, the lap joint relation between microstructure components and the mutual position relation are obtained, the evolution law of the microstructure in the aerodynamic heating process is obtained according to the statistical result, the morphology observation result of the microstructure is combined, a finite element model is established, and boundary conditions are loaded for solving. And carrying out fitting on the equivalent heat conductivity relationships corresponding to the different pyrolysis degrees to obtain a fitting relational expression of the heat conductivity of the resin-based material along with the change of the pyrolysis degrees so as to replace a corrected linear interpolation relational expression in the ablation heat transfer calculation model of the resin-based material, and calculating the ablation heat transfer of the resin-based material according to the fitting relational expression. Therefore, the ablation heat transfer model of the resin-based material is improved.

The invention discloses a building thermal insulation material product performance detection processing method, which fully considers the influence of actual environmental factors on the material performance by collecting the temperature value and the humidity value in the material application environment and calculating the dynamic weight of the heat conductivity coefficient and the water absorption rate, and compared with the traditional standard environment detection, the detection processing method has the advantages that the detection efficiency is greatly improved; and the performance of the material in different environments can be reflected more truly, so that the detection result is more suitable for the actual use condition. When the temperature value and the humidity value simultaneously exceed the standard range, the weight of the water absorption is secondarily amplified, and the heat conductivity coefficient and the qualified threshold of the water absorption are adjusted according to the fact that the temperature and the humidity exceed the specific value, so that the adaptability of the material in the extreme environment can be more accurately evaluated, misjudgment caused by a fixed standard is avoided, and the material quality is improved. And more reliable data support is provided for building design and construction.

The invention provides a soil moisture content detection method based on unsteady heat conduction and optical fiber temperature measurement, which comprises the following steps: heating a soil body in a target measurement area based on an active heating method, and measuring the temperature value of the soil body at each moment under different radial distances from a heating source in the heating process; substituting the soil body temperature value at any moment in the heating process and the corresponding radial distance into a predetermined soil body moisture content relation model to obtain the soil body moisture content at the position corresponding to the radial distance from the heating source in the target measurement area at the corresponding moment; and determining the soil mass moisture content of the target measurement area according to the soil mass moisture content at each radial distance position from the heating source in the target measurement area at the corresponding moment. According to the method, the relationship between the soil moisture content and the soil temperature value is established, and in-situ monitoring and long-time monitoring of the large-range soil in the target measuring area are achieved through the soil temperature value obtained through the active heating method.

The invention relates to the technical field of ventilation and cooling simulation testing, and particularly discloses a ventilation and cooling simulation testing system for a deep mine, which is used for monitoring environmental parameters of different tunneling roadways corresponding to a gold mine in real time through a plurality of sensor nodes deployed in the gold mine; further, the ventilation rate coincidence coefficient of each tunneling roadway corresponding to the gold mine is judged; detecting and judging the ventilation rate conformance coefficient, and when the ventilation rate conformance coefficient of a certain tunneling roadway is detected not to conform to the standard, simulating different types of cooling materials by using the simulation model so as to obtain a cooling performance comprehensive score of each type of cooling material in each simulated roadway; the optimal cooling material type suitable for each simulated roadway is determined according to the cooling performance comprehensive score of each type of cooling material in each simulated roadway, so that the use strategy of the material can be dynamically adjusted and optimized to adapt to the change of the mine environment, and the overall safety and the production efficiency of the mine are improved.