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Methods and compositions for performing RNA interference with decreased off-target effects are provided The methods and compositions permit effective and efficient applications of RNA interference to applications such as diagnostics and therapeutics through the use of modifications to the siRNA. Uniquely modified siRNAs have been developed that reduce off-target effects incurred in gene-silencing. The modifications comprise 2′-O-alkyl or mismatch modification(s) at specific positions on the sense and/or antisense strands.

A digital color image printing apparatus is disclosed which adjusts image characteristics of a printed image such as lightness/darkness, midtone contrast, highlight emphasis, shadow emphasis, and color cast. An input station generates an input image in a page description language. A raster-image processor decomposes the input image into a post-processing contone image. A user interface provides input signals to adjust at least one of the image characteristics of the post-processing contone image. An image control detects the input signals and adjusts at least one of the image characteristics of the post-processing contone image. A half-toner converts the adjusted post-processing contone image into a raster image. A printer prints the adjusted post-processing contone image.The invention provides a user with the ability to modify the characteristics of a printed document without having to perform raster image processing again. Further, the adjustments are easily separable from the document to allow the user to return to the original document at a later date.

The invention discloses a SERS biological probe and a preparation method thereof. The SERS biological probe provided by the invention comprises a SiO2 core and a metal nanoparticle layer on the surface of the SiO2 core, wherein a plurality of Raman signal molecules connected with the metal nanoparticle layer; a SiO2 layer is also provided outside the metal nanoparticle layer; the Raman signal molecules are positioned between the metal nanoparticle layer and the SiO2 layer; the SiO2 layer surface is modified with biological probe molecules; and the metal nanoparticle layer is Au nanoparticle layer or Ag nanoparticle layer. The SERS biological probe provided by the invention has wide generality, and has wide application prospect in identification and detection of biological molecules (DNA molecules and protein molecules), rapid disease diagnosis, biomedical imaging technology as well as in the fields of serious disease treatment, food hygiene, environmental monitoring, etc.

The invention discloses a 1,3,5-triazine derivative. The derivative is a compound with a structure of a formula I. The compound of the formula I can emit high-efficiency blue fluorescence and meanwhile has higher triplet state energy; so that the compound of the formula 1 can sensitize green and red phosphorescent doped materials while emitting the high-efficiency blue fluorescence, so that the technological conditions for preparing WOLEDs (White Organic Light Emitting Diode) are met. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a preparation method of the compound of the formula 1 and application in preparation of the white light organic electroluminescent diode.

The invention discloses a cellulose composite microsphere, a preparation method thereof and application. The particle size of the cellulose composite microsphere is 1mum-1200mum, the specific surface area of the cellulose composite microsphere is 100m<2>/g-500m<2>/g, and the aperture of the cellulose composite microsphere is 200nm-900nm. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparing a mixture solution of cellulose and a composite material by using the cellulose as a matrix, a polymer material as composite material and a water solution of alkali/urea or alkali/thiourea as a solvent, and obtaining the cellulose composite microsphere through sol-gel phase transition and cross-linking agent cross linkage. The advantages of cellulose microsphere are reserved by the cellulose composite microsphere, and due to the adding of the composite material, new functional groups are simultaneously added for the surface of the microsphere and further decoration and modification are facilitated. An organic solvent used in the preparation method disclosed by the invention can be reused, the whole preparation technology is simple, low in time consuming, undemanding for equipment and convenient for industrial production, and the prepared cellulose composite microsphere has a good flow property and mechanical property and a wide application.

A method and apparatus for deforming the network topology of a multi-hop wireless network dynamically (i.e., in real time), in response to changing network traffic conditions and in order to advantageously reduce mean end-to-end network (transmission) delay. Two illustrative embodiments of the invention deform the network topology dynamically in response to traffic conditions (i) by changing the network connectivity between the existing network nodes and (ii) by adding one or more new nodes (and associated connections thereto and therefrom) to the network. In both cases, the traffic conditions may be fed into the algorithm in real time as, for example, a set of queue length measurements. Then, in response, the network is advantageously reorganized into a configuration that reduces the mean end-to-end network transmission delay.

The present invention provides a vector for expression of a chimeric protein which is the result of the fusion between the N-terminal end of ExoS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an amino acid sequence of interest, the N-terminal end of ExoS corresponding to the N-terminal end of the chimeric protein. The vector contains the following from 5′ to 3′:

• • a promoter,
  • a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding at least the 48 (SEQ ID 4) and at the most the 96 (SEQ ID 6) amino acids of the N-terminal end of ExoS; or any sequence of the same size that is at least 70% identical thereto and that has a secretion activity at the same level as that of ExoS,
  • a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of interest.

The invention relates to a medical catheter and a method for forming an antibacterial hydrophilic coating on the surface of the medical catheter. The method includes the following steps of preparing graphene oxide dispersoid, dissolving hydrophilic polymers and cellulose ester in organic solvent to form a hydrophilic macromolecular solution, adding the hydrophilic macromolecular solution to the graphene oxide dispersoid in the stirring process to form an antibacterial hydrophilic macromolecular solution, soaking the catheter in a coupling agent solution after conducting surface processing on the catheter so that the surface of the catheter can be dip-coated with a coupling agent layer, soaking the catheter coated with the coupling agent layer in the antibacterial hydrophilic macromolecular solution, and preparing the medical catheter with the antibacterial hydrophilic coating after the catheter is taken out, dried and solidified. Due to the fact that the antibacterial hydrophilic coating is formed on the surface of the catheter, the coating contains graphene oxide, other hydrophilic macromolecules and other components, the catheter can have excellent antibacterial and bacteriostatic capacity, the contact angle of the catheter and water is reduced, and the surface of the catheter can have the ultra-strong lubrication effect and the bacteriostatic effect at the same time.

The invention relates to a method for simultaneously detecting three antibiotic residues including streptomycin, chlorampenicol and tetracycline based on nucleic acid aptamers and quantum dots and belongs to the technical field of analytical chemistry. Three-section complementary cDNA 1 sequences are designed and synthesized and are complemented with three antibiotic aptamers DNA sequences and are further complemented with respective capturing probe DNA sequences of three antibiotics and complementary cDNA 2 sequence part. The three cDNAs 1 are first hybridized with aptamer DNAs supplemented with each other to form double-stranded DNAs. When target antibiotics exist in a sample, the aptamer DNAs are combined with corresponding antibiotics as a priority to cause the double-stranded DNAs to be de-hybridized and release cDNAs 1. The free cDNAs 1 are combined with capturing probe DNAs modified on the surface of a gold electrode, and cDNAs 2 modified with three quantum dots are hybridized with the other end of each cDNA 1. The three quantum dots on the surface of the gold electrode generate dissolution volt-ampere peaks corresponding to the target antibiotics. The three antibiotics are detected by utilizing the relations of changes of peak current values and antibiotic concentration. The method is good in repeatability and stability and high in sensitivity and can be used for directly measuring the three antibiotic residues in samples such as milk.

A gear grinding machine, a method for dressing a threaded grinding wheel, and a method for grinding a work are disclosed. A dressing tool is rotated in a vertical plane, with its position being fixed. The position of a threaded grinding wheel is NC-controlled, whereby the dressing tool is brought into contact with the starting point of the thread of the threaded grinding wheel at a somewhat lower surface of the circumferential surface of the threaded grinding wheel and, in accordance with the rotation of the threaded grinding wheel, the position of contact of the dressing tool with the threaded grinding wheel is moved along the circumferential surface of the threaded grinding wheel.

The invention discloses an organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst for purifying VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and a method for preparing the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst. SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieves are used as carriers of the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst, organic groups (phenyl groups, amino groups and sulfhydryl groups) and transition metal oxide (oxide of Mn, Fe and Co) are used as active components of the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst, and chloride of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal is used as an auxiliary of the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst. The specific surface area of the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst ranges from 700 m<2>/g to 900 m<2>/g, and the average pore diameter of pore passages in the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst ranges from 8 nm to 15 nm. The method includes supporting the organic groups on the SBA-15 molecular sieves by the aid of an in-situ solvent thermal synthesis process; modifying the SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieves by the transition metal oxide by the aid of an impregnation process to obtain the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst. The organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst and the method have the advantages that the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst has large mesoporous pore diameters and the large specific surface area and is high in catalytic activity, catalytic active constituents are good in dispersibility, acid centers can be reinforced, and the method is simple and feasible and is low in cost; the VOCs can be converted into harmless carbon dioxide and water under synergy of the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst and low-temperature plasma technologies at the normal temperature, and the organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous catalyst has few byproducts and is difficult to inactivate.

A method for handling defects on a recording medium which deteriorate an adaptive bit recovery process is proposed. The method for handling defects on a recording medium during bit recovery from the recording medium, whereby a data stream read from the recording medium is processed by an adaptive bit recovery means, includes the steps of: storing fallback values for the adaptive bit recovery means a fallback register during processing of the data stream and updating the adaptive bit recovery means with the stored fallback values for recovering from an incorrect adaptation or for restarting after processing of a defect.

The invention discloses a coumarin-thiacalix [4] arene fluorescent reagent as well as a preparation method and an application thereof, which belong to the chemical field of organic synthesis and analysis. The invention prepares an excellent coumarin-thiacalix [4] arene derivative which can be used for respectively detecting performances of fluorine ions and zinc ions. The preparation method of the coumarin-thiacalix [4] arene fluorescent reagent comprises the following steps of: respectively connecting two coumarin fluorescent groups at the lower 1,3-site of the calixarene and connecting two methoxyl ethyl at the 2,4-site through step by step reaction by using coumarin-thiacalix [4] arene and 7-hydroxycoumarin as starting materials to prepare the coumarin-thiacalix [4] arene fluorescent reagent. Under a special medium condition, the compound can be used as a dual-functional fluorescent or colorimetric reagent for detecting micro fluorine ions and zinc ions with high sensitivity and high selectivity by utilizing fluorescence spectrum and ultraviolet absorption spectrum.

The invention discloses macrocyclic and cage-like molecules based on biphenylarene and derivatives of the macrocyclic and cage-like molecules as well as synthetic methods and applications of the macrocyclic and cage-like molecules and the derivatives. A series of novel macrocycles are obtained mainly by performing a reaction on bis(2,4-dialkoxyphenyl)arenes (naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, porphyrin and the like) or tris(2,4-dialkoxyphenyl)arenes (benzene, sym-tribenzobenzene) and paraformaldehyde under the catalysis of a Lewis acid in high yield. In addition, perhydroxybiphenylarenes (quaterphenyl trimer, naphthalene dimer and the like) can be obtained by performing demethylation, a plurality of water-soluble derivatives can be obtained by performing further modification, and the derivatives show good bonding ability to guest molecules (viologen and the like); and moreover, functional groups introduced into the framework make the biphenylarene have excellent adsorption and separationability and photophysical properties. The compounds, derivatives and methods provided by the invention have the following advantages: raw materials of the biphenylarene are commercially available, the synthesis is simple and convenient, the yield is high, and the modification is convenient, so that the compounds and the derivatives have broad application prospects in gas adsorption and separation, performance improvement of light-emitting materials, and adsorption of water-soluble toxic substances.

The invention relates to a tumor-targeted gene vector material and a preparation method and use thereof. In the invention, functional graphene oxide is used as a targeted transport vector of genomic molecules such as siRNA. The preparation method comprises: connecting folic acid tumor cell targeted molecules and amino-terminated polyethylene glycol by amido bonds; connecting the graphene oxide with the coupling material by amido bonds to obtain the tumor targeted functional graphene oxide; anchoring aminated molecules with an aromatic conjugated structure onto the surface of the graphene oxide through pi-pi conjugation; and finally, preparing the tumor targeted high-efficiency gene transport system by static attraction between the positively charged functional graphene oxide and the negatively charged genomic molecules. The vector material has a high targeting performance for tumor cells in which folic acid receptor is expressed more highly, and after being loaded with siRNA, the corresponding target gene level and related protein expression can be reduced. The invention provides a new method for the in-vivo targeted transportation of genes.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a hollow silicon dioxide nanomaterial. According to the preparation method, with carbon nanospheres as a hard template, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a silicon source, water as a solvent and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a structure-directing agent, the hollow SiO2 nanomaterial which is even in appearance and folded in surface can be formed after residual organic matters such as carbon spheres and CTAB are removed by use of subsequent heat treatment. A TEM picture indicates that the SiO2 nanomaterial prepared by use of the method has a hollow structure and is about 20 nanometers in wall thickness and about 200 nanometers in grain size. The hollow SiO2 nanomaterial prepared by use of the method has potential application prospect in the fields such as biomedicine.

A method of hard-facing a steel casting is described in which a hard-facing, which comprises a weld alloy matrix and a hard particulate substance, is attached to the casting by welding. In some embodiments the matrix can be of a similar composition to the casting, and in other embodiments the hard particulates can be rounded and/or substantially spherical, or of a substantially even size. A method is also described for hardening and tempering a steel casting after attaching the hard-facing to the casting by welding. After hard-facing the casting is hardened and tempered by heat treatment. In one embodiment the hard-faced casting is heat treated by heating to a temperature in excess of the austenitising temperature of the steel and then cooled by quenching in an aqueous solution, followed by tempering. In one embodiment the steel casting is tempered at a temperature in the range about 550° C. to about 700° C. prior to hard-facing the casting.

The invention discloses coumarin-oxacalix[3]arene fluorescent reagents as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the fields of organic synthesis and analytical chemistry. The invention respectively synthesizes two coumarin-oxacalix[3]arene fluorescent reagents: chemical name a: 7,15,23-tertiary butyl-25,26,27-tri{1-[N-(7-coumarin oxyethyl)-1,2,3-triazole]-4-methoxy}-3,11,19-trioxacalix[3]arene; b: 7,15,23-triethoxycarbonyl -25,26,27-tri{1-[N-(7-coumarin oxyethyl)-1,2,3-triazole]-4-methoxy}-3,11,19-trioxacalix[3]arene. Meanwhile, the invention discloses a synthesis method and process conditions. According to the invention, the two coumarin-oxacalix[3]arene fluorescent reagents, in detecting ferric ions, have characteristics of high selectivity and high sensitivity; the fluorescent reagents are applicable to qualitative and quantitative analysis.

According to one aspect, the invention relates to a device for culturing algae with natural light, including an enclosure with a culturing medium and the algae to be cultured, and a substrate arranged to receive solar radiation in order to perform photoconversion of said solar radiation, the substrate including at least one luminescent compound making it possible to reemit radiation having a spectrum adapted to the optimisation of a biological parameter of interest resulting from the photosynthesis of said algae.

The invention discloses golden nanostars and a preparation method and application of the golden nanostars. The preparation method includes: taking the chloroauric acid as the gold source and the plant polyphenol as the reducing agent and the stabilizer, and controlling and synthesizing the size, the morphology and the plasma resonance absorption peak of the golden nanostars through the adjustment of the concentration of the chloroauric acid and the plant polyphenol. The preparation method of the golden nanostars is simple, moderate, free of seed crystal and surface active agent, less in time consuming, low in energy consumption, easy to scale and capable of rapidly synthesizing the golden nanostars just by one step of reaction. The synthesized golden nanostars has the performances of strong near-infrared absorption and good photo-thermal conversion and biological compatibility, is high in photo-thermal conversion efficiency, good in near-infrared photo-thermal stability, strong in opto-acoustic imaging capability, applicable to the photo-thermal treatment and opto-acoustic imaging of cancer cells and wide in application prospect for the clinics, especially for the photo-thermal treatment of imaging guidance.