388results about How to "Reduce edge effects" patented technology

Edge effects in electro-optic displays are reduced by (a) ensuring that during rewriting of the display, the last period of non-zero voltage applied all pixels terminates at substantially the same time; and (b) scanning the display at a scan rate of at least 50 Hz.

A color display has continuous areas of a single color covering a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes. Each sub-pixel of a given color has sub-pixels of the same given color disposed along at least two of its adjacent edges. Each area of a single color may cover a 2×2 array of sub-pixel electrodes. The colors used may be red / green / blue / white (RGBW), red / green / blue / yellow (RGBY), or orange / lime / purple / white.

A device includes a crystalline material within an area confined by an insulator. In one embodiment, the area confined by the insulator is an opening in the insulator having an aspect ratio sufficient to trap defects using an ART technique. Method and apparatus embodiments of the invention can reduce edge effects in semiconductor devices. Embodiments of the invention can provide a planar surface over a buffer layer between a plurality of uncoalesced ART structures.

A method of forming an MTJ memory cell and / or an array of such cells is provided wherein each such cell has a small circular horizontal cross-section of 1.0 microns or less in diameter and wherein the ferromagnetic free layer of each such cell has a magnetic anisotropy produced by a magnetic coupling with a thin antiferromagnetic layer that is formed on the free layer. The MTJ memory cell so provided is far less sensitive to shape irregularities and edge defects than cells of the prior art.

Articles of manufacture and devices and methods of forming and using the same are provided, wherein the article comprises a porous inorganic substrate contained in or bounded by a support made from an inorganic material are provided, wherein said porous substrate and support are heated to a temperature effective to shrink the support onto the porous substrate such that liquid tight contact is formed between the porous substrate and the support. In a preferred aspect, the porous inorganic substrate has a porosity of at least 5%, and is a porous monolith formed using a sol-gel method. The articles thus formed provide a confined fluid flow through the porous substrate, providing superior performance in separations, catalysis, filtration, and the like.

A method of forming an MTJ memory cell and / or an array of such cells is provided wherein each such cell has a small circular horizontal cross-section of 1.0 microns or less in diameter and wherein the ferromagnetic free layer of each such cell has a magnetic anisotropy produced by a magnetic coupling with a thin antiferromagnetic layer that is formed on the free layer. The MTJ memory cell so provided is far less sensitive to shape irregularities and edge defects than cells of the prior art.

A method and apparatus for depositing a film on a substrate. According to the present invention a prewafer reaction layer is deposited onto a susceptor placed in the reaction chamber to form a prewafer reaction layer coated susceptor prior to film deposition. A deposition gas is then fed into the reaction chamber so that it flows over the prewafer reaction layer coated susceptor and the substrate to form a film on the prewafer reaction layer coated susceptor and the substrate.

A universally functional biomedical electrode is disclosed, where the electrode has a resistive element that reduces edge effect by a redistribution of current within the electrode and in mammalian tissue contacting the electrode. In one embodiment, the electrode has at its perimeter in one layer the resistive element that provides a cross-sectional area to reduce edge effect regardless of the type of biomedical instrumentation connected thereto. With the construction of other layers suitable for multifunctional electrode usage, this electrode can serve as a single item in inventory at health facilities.

A magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) memory cell for a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) array is formed as a chain of magnetostatically coupled segments. The segments can be circular, elliptical, lozenge shaped or shaped in other geometrical forms. Unlike the isolated cells of typical MTJ designs which exhibit curling of the magnetization at the cell ends and uncompensated pole structures, the present multi-segmented design, with the segments being magnetostatically coupled, undergoes magnetization switching at controlled nucleation sites by the fanning mode. As a result, the multi-segmented cells of the present invention are not subject to variations in switching fields due to shape irregularities and structural defects.

The invention concerns a method for the determination of local similarity values for geological units in the subsurface from a seismic 3-D dataset, which consists of a multitude of traces, each of which being formed by a sequence of data points that carry amplitude values, and especially a method for the determination of local dip-dependent similarity values, in each weighted environment of an analysis point, determining the maximum similarity value, which is assigned, together with the corresponding dip angle and dip azimuth, to the respective analysis point.

The invention discloses a near-field plume mass-spectroscopic diagnostic E*B probe based on the Faraday cup and belongs to the technical field of plasma mass-spectroscopic diagnosis. The probe mainly applied to measuring near-field plumes of an ion thruster and of a Hall thruster comprises a central frame, ferrite permanent magnets, a flat electrode plate, an electrode plate holder, a collimator tube, a drift tube, a Faraday cup, six carbon steel shells and an anti-sputtering heat-insulating layer. According to the connectional relation, the central frame is used as a core part, the ferrite permanent magnets are distributed on upper and lower surfaces of the central frame, the electrode plate is fixed in the central frame, and an orthogonal electromagnetic field area is formed. The six carbon steel shells are used for packaging, and the front ends of the shells are coated with an anti-sputtering heat-insulating layer. The collimator tube of stainless steel and the drift tube are fitly fixed to the centers of two ends of the central frame through shaft holes. Ions different in valence are screened by adjusting voltage among the electrode plates, univalent and bivalent ion currents are acquired with the Faraday cup of aluminum, and the ratio of near-field plum bivalent ions is acquired by analytical computing.

A magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) memory cell and an MRAM array of such cells, is shielded by magnetic shields of ferromagnetic material or by ferromagnetic shields that are stabilized by patterned layers of antiferromagnetic material or permanent magnetic material. The ferromagnetic portions of the shields surround the MTJ cells substantially conformally and thereby can compensate the poles of the free layers of MTJ cells of various geometric cross-sectional shapes and also protect the cells from the adverse effects of extraneous fields. The additional antiferromagnetic and permanent magnetic materials stabilize the shields by exchange or direct coupling.

A registration mark is a toner image which has a first linear pattern and a second linear pattern, which extend along a main scanning direction, and a two-dimensional pattern. The first linear pattern, the two-dimensional pattern and the second linear pattern are arranged apart from each other in this order along a transporting direction. In short, the linear patterns and extending along the main scanning direction are formed spaced apart from the two-dimensional pattern, one toward the upstream side and the other toward the downstream side, along the transporting direction. This suppresses the edge effect along the transporting direction and realizes accurate detection of the position of each registration mark by a test pattern sensor.

A method for computer-aided detection of microcalcification clusters using a digital computer obtains digital mammography data for a single view image and normalizes and filters the image data to reduce noise. A first mask is generated and applied to the image data for defining the breast structure, forming a first cropped image. A second mask is generated and applied to the image data for defining muscle structure, forming a second cropped image. An artifact mask corresponding to vascular calcifications and known imaging artifacts is generated and applied to the first and second cropped images, defining first and second artifact-masked cropped images. In a repeated sequence, portions of each artifact-masked cropped image are processed using an enhancement algorithm and reducing edge effects to obtain a set of microcalcification cluster candidates and suspected microcalcification clusters. Image processing algorithms remove false positives from the listing of microcalcification clusters and classify candidate microcalcification clusters to identify true positives.

The invention discloses a differential D-dot voltage sensor, which comprises a measuring module, an electrode plate, a signal modulation module and a collection transmission module, wherein the measuring module is provided with a first input end and a second input end, the electrode plate is provided with a first electrode and a second electrode, the measuring module is a differential amplification module, the differential amplification module is used for measuring the differential voltage between conducting layers, the sensor is not in grounding contact and is also not in direct contact with a tested conductor, and the output is floating potential difference, so the sensor can reduce the size of an insulation structure. Because the differential structure carries out non-contact measurement on the same potential, no direct energy transmission exists between the tested conductor and the sensor, and the influence cannot be generated on the input side when the sensor generates fault such as insulation breakthrough or output short circuit. The differential D-dot voltage sensor can solve the non-contact electrodeless voltage measurement problem of an intelligent electric network and can be used for 10kV to 35kV voltage measurement.