113 results about "Curling" patented technology

A pre-bending and hemming device for machining a metal inner container of a commercial dryer relates to the technical field of metal bending and machining and comprises an integrated electric cabinet, a square machining table is welded to the upper surface of the integrated electric cabinet, and a pre-bending assembly, a hemming assembly and an edge pressing assembly are arranged on the square machining table; a positioning and clamping assembly is further arranged on the square machining table. The problems that in the traditional technology, in the machining process of a metal inner container of a commercial dryer, the metal edge is sharp, and potential safety hazards exist are solved; a traditional manual or semi-automatic hemming process is low in efficiency, unstable in quality and poor in consistency. The problems that multiple procedures such as pre-bending, edge curling and edge pressing are dispersed, so that the production process is complex, surface damage is easily caused by multiple times of clamping and positioning of a workpiece, and efficient, automatic and continuous production is difficult to achieve are solved.

Provided is a novel on-floor pseudo curling stone that is simple yet functional, relatively easy to manufacture, and can be used to play a curling-like game on the floor. **Solution**: An on-floor pseudo curling stone A for playing a curling-like game on the floor, wherein a free ball bearing is embedded near the center of the bottom surface of a large-diameter disc-shaped stone-like main body 1 such that a part of a main ball 21 protrudes from the bottom surface, and at least three rounded balancers 3 having a protruding amount not exceeding the protruding amount of the main ball 21 from the bottom surface are installed in a well-balanced manner at positions away from the center of the bottom surface.

The utility model discloses an air curling iron which comprises an inner support used for air inlet and an air guide outer shell arranged outside the inner support in a sleeving mode and used for air outlet, and the air guide outer shell can rotate to switch the air outlet direction. The inner support comprises a plurality of air outlet inner edges axially arranged on the inner wall of a cylinder of the inner support, and a first air outlet and a second air outlet in the axial direction are formed in the two sides of each air outlet inner edge correspondingly. The air guide shell is cylindrical and comprises an air guide opening formed in the air guide shell in the axial direction. The air outlet direction is switched by rotating the outer shell, a user only needs to slightly rotate the outer layer to easily change the direction of airflow, leftward or rightward hair curling is achieved, operation is easy and visual, and using convenience and comfort are greatly improved.

The utility model discloses a kind of composite fireproof insulation board laminating device, the utility model relates to thermal insulation board laminating technical field.It is laminated mechanism for composite fireproof insulation board and is provided on the mounting base, laminated mechanism includes: press-fit component, including the support rod fixed with both side walls of mounting base, the upper end of the support rod is provided with the mounting plate connected by lifting assembly, the lower end surface of the mounting plate is provided with the pressure plate main body connected by elastic component, the lower end inside of the pressure plate main body is provided with rectangular frame slot, the inside of the rectangular frame slot is provided with the rectangular pressure plate connected by telescopic component, the utility model is driven rectangular pressure plate telescopic by second hydraulic rod, realize the pertinence pressure to the edge of thermal insulation board, since the edge of thermal insulation board is prone to the problem of not firm combination when laminating, can effectively improve the compaction degree and bonding strength of edge, avoid edge curling, delamination and other quality problems.

The present application relates to the technical field of stamping die, and more particularly to a stamping and riveting die for precision sheet metal part production, which does not need rivets, can realize self-locking connection of the plate part, directly utilizes the deformation of the sheet metal part itself to form a connecting point, saves the purchasing, storage and installation process of the rivets, greatly simplifies the process, reduces the material and management cost, creates conditions for high-speed automatic production, realizes low sensitivity to the overall coaxiality error through split fan-shaped shearing and the concave die with spiral guide ribs, accurately guides each fan-shaped curl through the guide ribs, forms uniform and complete mechanical interlocking, ensures consistent and reliable strength of the connecting point, disperses the impact force to the six fan-shaped pieces, converts the vertical stamping into smooth curling, improves stress distribution, effectively protects the die through the built-in spring buffer and linkage demolding mechanism, reduces cracking and wear, significantly prolongs the service life of the die, and reduces the maintenance cost.

The utility model relates to an angle iron rolling machine, which is applied to the technical field of angle iron processing, solves the problems of higher operation intensity, larger labor capacity, time and labor waste and poorer control precision of the existing angle iron rolling machine, and comprises a base, a rolling mechanism arranged on the base, a driving mechanism and an angle iron cutting mechanism, the edge rolling mechanism comprises a plurality of angle iron conveying roller sets and an angle iron bending assembly which are arranged side by side, the angle iron conveying roller sets are matched to clamp and convey angle iron, and the angle iron bending assembly is arranged at the discharging ends of the angle iron conveying roller sets. The driving mechanism is used for driving the edge rolling mechanism to work so as to drive the angle iron to move, the angle iron cutting mechanism is arranged on the rack and located on one side of the edge rolling mechanism, and the angle iron cutting mechanism is used for cutting the edge-rolled angle iron. The whole process is high in automation degree, and the machining efficiency is improved.

The utility model provides an anti-curling type plate shearing feeding device which comprises a conveying platform, the conveying platform is fixedly installed on a supporting frame, two conveying roller sets are correspondingly and rotationally installed on the conveying platform, and a ball screw is rotationally installed on the conveying platform. Any end of the ball screw is fixed to the output end of a conveying driving component fixedly installed outside the conveying platform, and the ball screw is connected with the pushing platform through a ball nut. Two mounting seats are mounted on the two sides of the conveying platform respectively, the output end of an overturning driving component fixedly mounted on the mounting seats is fixed to one end of an overturning arm, the other end of the overturning arm is fixedly connected with an overturning pressing plate, and a plurality of pressing wheels are rotationally mounted on the overturning pressing plate; the conveying roller sets on the two sides support the guide steel plate and are matched with the ball screw and the pushing platform, and feeding is accurate and stable. Meanwhile, clamping force is formed by the pressing wheels and the conveying roller set, and edge curling of the steel plate is restrained. In addition, due to the linkage design of the overturning pressing plate and the overturning arm, adjustment is facilitated, the phenomenon that the anti-curling structure interferes with follow-up feeding is avoided, and it is guaranteed that the process is smooth.

The invention relates to the technical field of metal plate shearing, and discloses metal plate shearing equipment, a shearing method for fire-fighting box production and a fire-fighting box. According to the metal plate shearing device, a metal plate can be gradually sheared in the direction that the distance between the bottom end of each shearing blade and the bottom end of the movable rack is sequentially reduced through each shearing blade at the indentation position generated on the surface of the metal plate, so that the stability of the shearing direction can be ensured; the problem of edge curling of the sheared plate can be avoided by gradually shearing in the linear direction, and then the next shearing position of the metal plate is replaced until the tiled appearance of the metal plate is sheared; and then the positions to be bent in the metal plate sequentially correspond to the positions under the shearing blades, the metal plate is pressed to form indentations so as to machine the bent positions, the shearing and bending processes are conducted through the same equipment, and the problem that additional positioning is needed due to the fact that a bending machine needs to be used is solved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of hairdressing equipment, in particular to a rotary adjustable hair curling rod which comprises a shell, a hair curling assembly, a rotary shifting piece and an upper limiting block. The gear set of the rotary base is meshed with the driven gear, and the second gear teeth of the rotary shifting piece are meshed with the gear set, so that accurate rotation control over the curling iron is achieved, the curling angle and the curling direction can be adjusted more flexibly and stably, the curling effect and the user experience are improved, and the practicability is high. The heating piece is guided through the first moving guide rail and the second moving guide rail, the stability and accuracy of the heating piece in the hair curling process are guaranteed, the problems that a traditional hair curling rod is uneven in heating and unsmooth in hair curling are solved, the hair curling quality is effectively improved, and the upper limiting block and the top cover improve the structural stability of the hair curling rod and improve the hair curling efficiency. And in addition, the use safety is improved, the heating piece is prevented from accidentally falling off or shifting, and safer and more reliable use experience is provided for a user.

This invention relates to a gantry shearing device for scrap steel recycling, belonging to the technical field of gantry shearing devices. It includes two support columns, with a fixed beam fixedly installed at the top of both columns. A conveying trough is fixedly installed at the rear of both support columns, and a pushing component is provided on the rear side of the inner wall of the conveying trough. Two sets of hydraulic cylinders are fixedly installed at the top of the fixed beam. The output end of the front set of hydraulic cylinders is equipped with a cutting blade, while the output end of the rear set of hydraulic cylinders is fixedly equipped with a pressing plate. The cutting blade includes a connecting horizontal plate and a cutting blade body disposed at the bottom of the connecting horizontal plate. This invention ensures that the material is reliably compressed before shearing by real-time detection of the material thickness during the conveying process, fundamentally avoiding material slippage, edge curling, and displacement during shearing, significantly reducing the risk of blade jamming, improving equipment operational stability, and achieving adaptive adjustment of the blade gap according to the material thickness.

The utility model relates to the technical field of steel structure curling, in particular to a steel structure plate curling forming device which comprises a pressing plate rotating assembly, adjustable rotating assemblies, a guide column, an arc-shaped side plate, a panel and a power assembly, the adjustable rotating assemblies are located on the two sides of the pressing plate rotating assembly, and the guide column is located in front of the pressing plate rotating assembly. The arc-shaped side plate surrounds the pressing plate rotating assembly and the adjustable rotating assembly, the pressing plate rotating assembly, the adjustable rotating assembly, the guide column and the arc-shaped side plate are all arranged above the panel, and the power assembly is located below the panel. The pressing plate rotating assembly and the adjustable rotating assembly are creatively fused, accurate pressure is applied to L-shaped steel entering equipment, and stable control is achieved. And meanwhile, the design of the arc-shaped side plates effectively guides smooth bending of the L-shaped steel. In addition, due to the advanced power assembly and the visual effect, the whole operation process is automatically carried out, the working efficiency is remarkably improved, and perfect combination of technology optimization and efficiency improvement is shown.

The invention relates to the technical field of stamping dies, in particular to a stamping and riveting die for precise sheet metal part production, which does not need rivets, can realize self-locking connection of plates, directly utilizes self deformation of sheet metal parts to form connection points, omits purchasing, warehousing and mounting processes of the rivets, greatly simplifies procedures, and improves production efficiency. The material and management cost is reduced, conditions are created for high-speed automatic production, low sensitivity to overall coaxiality errors is achieved through matching of split type fan-shaped shearing and a female die with a spiral guide rib, the guide rib accurately guides each fan-shaped curl, uniform and complete mechanical interlocking is formed, it is ensured that the strength of connecting points is consistent and reliable, and the production efficiency is improved. According to the design, impact force is dispersed to the six fanning strips, vertical stamping is converted into smooth curling, stress distribution is improved, the mold is effectively protected through a built-in spring buffering and linkage demolding mechanism, cracking and abrasion are reduced, the service life of the mold is remarkably prolonged, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

The utility model provides a kind of air nozzle structure of two-way curling, including air nozzle body and two connecting pieces, two check valves and two air inlets connected to the both ends of air nozzle body, the air nozzle body includes outer cylinder and inner cylinder, outer cylinder is sleeved in the outer of inner cylinder and the outer surface of outer cylinder is equipped with several air outlets, air outlet direction is consistent, can make the hair close to air outlet be adsorbed and winded in the outer surface of outer cylinder, two check valves are located in the both ends of inner cylinder so that inner cylinder selectively passes one air inlet and is communicated with air duct, when airflow enters from one end air inlet, the check valve of this end is opened automatically by wind flow, while the check valve of other end is closed automatically by airflow, so that airflow is blown out from the air outlet, when hair dryer is respectively communicated with different air inlets, the air outlet direction of the air nozzle body is opposite, thus, meet the demand of user using one air nozzle body to change different curling direction, simple operation, and user experience effect is better.

The utility model discloses a vacuum insulated panel curling device which comprises a curling frame, a roller, a driving mechanism and a roller wheel. The roller is rotatably arranged on the curling frame; the driving mechanism is connected with the roller and drives the roller to rotate; the rolling wheels are distributed on the periphery of the roller in an arc shape, each rolling wheel is rotatably arranged on the rolling frame, and a rolling gap is formed between each rolling wheel and the roller. According to the utility model, the roller and the plurality of rollers are arranged, so that the vacuum insulated panel is uniformly curled into an arc shape, and compared with a traditional pure manual curling mode, the vacuum insulated panel curling device is high in curling efficiency and small in damage to a barrier film in the curling process.

1. Name of the design product: fixed disc for preventing curling of abrasive sheet. 2. Use of the design product: the design product is used for fixing steel paper abrasive sheet, which is auxiliary material in machine tool industry and is easy to curl and deform due to moisture or heat. 3. Design points of the design product: in shape. 4. Picture or photo best indicating the design points: perspective view.

The utility model discloses a cleaning device which comprises a telescopic rod body and a base arranged at the top end of the telescopic rod body, the telescopic rod body is connected with the base through a rotary positioning mechanism, an impact triggering type self-adaptive curling mechanism is arranged on the side edge of the base, and a flexible detachable cleaning assembly is arranged on the outer surface of the self-adaptive curling mechanism. The impact triggering type self-adaptive curling mechanism is fixed on the base, and the flexible detachable cleaning assembly is installed on the impact triggering type self-adaptive curling mechanism, so that the device can conveniently clean columnar objects at high positions, the device has the advantages that adaptability is high, cleaning consumables are easy to replace, cleaning efficiency is improved, and operation difficulty and safety risks are reduced.

The present invention discloses a low thermal expansion coefficient and adjustable Poisson's ratio element based on a triangular arrow structure Invar alloy basic unit, as well as its preparation method and application. The element is obtained by forming a plane obtained by a quadruple rotation array of triangular arrow structure Invar alloy basic units, removing the overlapping parts, and then connecting them through spatial curling; the basic unit is composed of a triangle and an inward concave structure located at any vertex thereof, and the whole is an axisymmetric structure. The element uses Invar alloy as a single-component raw material, and realizes the regulation of the Poisson's ratio of the element through the triangular arrow structure design, and finally realizes the integration of low thermal expansion coefficient and adjustable Poisson's ratio, effectively solving the problem of using multi-component materials for low thermal expansion coefficient and adjustable Poisson's ratio elements in the prior art. It can be integrally formed by a laser powder bed melting process, with a simple process, strong overall shape, and convenient industrial production, which can meet the performance requirements of star-sensitive satellite brackets.

The present application belongs to roof anti-seepage technical field, and particularly relates to a steel roof ridge anti-seepage structure and an anti-seepage method thereof, which comprises a ridge top cover and a second steel tile installed on the top of a main frame, the bottom of the ridge top cover is provided with a ridge beam, the common end of a plurality of the second steel tiles is installed on the top of the ridge beam, the second steel tile is clamped and installed on the top surface of the ridge beam through a penetrating pressing strip, a plurality of the second steel tiles are spliced, the side edge of the second steel tile is provided with an inner curling plate towards the bottom, a strip-shaped splicing groove beam is arranged at the corresponding position of the top of the main frame at the splicing position of the second steel tile, the top of the splicing groove beam is provided with a curved inner turning side plate towards the inside, and the opposite surfaces of the inner turning side plates are provided with third rough surfaces coupled with the contact surfaces of the inner curling plates. The present application can realize the assembly of the roof structure, and the installation structure is stable and not prone to aging deformation.

The utility model discloses a heat transfer printing film anti-curl conveying device which comprises a machine frame, a first guide roller, a second guide roller, a rolling mechanism, a tensioning mechanism, a sliding block and a sliding rail, the first guide roller and the second guide roller are rotationally connected in the machine frame, and the tensioning mechanism is installed in the machine frame between the first guide roller and the second guide roller. The winding mechanism is installed at the front end of the machine frame. The tensioning mechanism comprises a supporting shaft, a gear, a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a transmission belt, a second motor, a first rack, a second rack, a first tensioning roller, a second tensioning roller and a transmission shaft. The heat transfer printing film tensioning device can conveniently tension a heat transfer printing film and prevent the heat transfer printing film from being curled and wrinkled in the conveying process.

The utility model discloses an aluminum strip slitting mechanism capable of preventing edge curling. The aluminum strip slitting mechanism comprises a tool apron, a cutter and a tensioning mechanism. The tensioning mechanisms are arranged on the front portion and the rear portion of the tool apron, the splitting machine controls the tool apron to move downwards, the tensioning roller is located below the cutter, the tensioning roller can make contact with the surface of an aluminum strip before the cutter, then the tensioning roller is pressed on the aluminum strip and stops moving, the cutter continues moving downwards, and in the process, the spring telescopic rod is stressed to contract, so that the aluminum strip is cut off. Meanwhile, the rack moves downwards and drives the gear set to rotate, and then the tensioning rollers are driven to rotate through the gear set, so that the tensioning rollers on the front side and the rear side of the cutter are turned over outwards, the to-be-cut part of the aluminum strip is tensioned, it is guaranteed that the aluminum strip can be kept stable in the slitting process of the cutter, vibration and deviation are not likely to be generated in the cutting process, and the cutting efficiency is improved. The cutting precision and quality are further improved, and the situation that the edge of the aluminum strip is curled due to uneven cutting quality is not prone to occurring.

An object of the present invention is to provide a fitting tool in which interlayer peeling is less likely to occur and the occurrence of curling is suppressed, and a fitting-tool-equipped bag body using the fitting tool. In a fitting tool including a male side fitting member in which a male side fitting portion is provided on a band-shaped first base material, and a female side fitting member in which a female side fitting portion is provided on a band-shaped second base material, each of the first base material and the second base material includes a main layer, an interlayer, and a seal layer laminated from a fitting portion side, and satisfies that (1) the main layer, the interlayer, and the seal layer contain at least one kind of same type of resin, (2) a melting point TA (° C.) of the main layer, a melting point TB (° C.) of the interlayer, and a melting point TC (° C.) of the seal layer satisfy a relationship of TB>TA>TC, and (3) a thickness tA (μm) of the main layer, a thickness tB (μm) of the interlayer, and a thickness tC of the seal layer satisfy a relationship of tB>tA>tC.

1. The name of the design product: straightening curling iron (YS55D). 2. The use of the design product: straightening curling iron. 3. The design points of the design product: in shape. 4. The picture or photo that best indicates the design points: combination state reference drawing.

The utility model relates to a flattening mechanism which comprises a base plate, a passing roller, a first adjusting assembly and a second adjusting assembly, the first adjusting assembly and the second adjusting assembly are installed on the base plate, the passing roller is used for abutting against a target sheet, the first end of the passing roller is hinged to the first adjusting assembly, and the second end of the passing roller is hinged to the second adjusting assembly. The first adjusting assembly can drive the first end to be close to or away from the substrate, and the second adjusting assembly can drive the second end to be close to or away from the substrate. When the edges of the two sides of the suspended part of the target sheet are inclined and curled, the acting force of the target sheet on the first end or the second end of the passing roller changes, at the moment, the first end or the second end of the passing roller can move in the height direction of the flattening mechanism, the passing roller is inclined and abuts against the edge of the target sheet again, and therefore the target sheet is flattened. Therefore, the edge of the target sheet is tightened again, the problems of inclination, edge curling and the like of the suspended part of the target sheet are solved, and the difficulty in the subsequent deviation rectifying and machining process is lowered.

The invention discloses adhesive sticker cutting equipment, and relates to the field of adhesive sticker cutting. A conveying belt is installed on the inner sides of the two side plates, and a servo motor used for driving the conveying belt to operate is installed outside the side plates; the cold sense can be transmitted to the cutting tool through the temperature control assembly, the problem that the cutting tool is heated to expand due to the fact that the cutting tool is in a high-temperature state after long-time friction cutting with the non-setting adhesive is effectively solved, deviation between the actual cutting size and the design size is further avoided, and then the cutting precision is not affected; the refrigeration sheet is driven to work to enable the cooling liquid in the cavity to be frozen and in a solidification state, on one hand, the hardness of the cutting tool can be increased, the cutting tool is prevented from being in a hollow state to cause edge curling, the ice body can be further utilized to slowly transfer the cold feeling, and long-time refrigeration of the cutting tool is achieved; and the cold degree of the cutting tool can be utilized to ensure that glue is not easy to adhere to the cutting tool when the adhesive sticker is cut by the cavity.

The embodiment of the utility model discloses an automatic curling storage type light supplement lamp which comprises a light supplement lamp assembly and an elastic steel sheet in a concave surface strip shape, the light supplement lamp assembly comprises a lighting part and a power supply control part, the elastic steel sheet comprises a concave surface and a convex surface, the lighting part is arranged on the concave surface of the elastic steel sheet, and the power supply control part is arranged on the convex surface of the elastic steel sheet. The power supply control part is arranged at one end part of the convex surface of the elastic steel sheet, the power supply control part is electrically connected with the lighting part, and the elastic steel sheet can be straightened or automatically curled and stored into a roll under the action of external force. According to the embodiment of the utility model, when external force acts on the elastic steel sheet, the elastic steel sheet can be easily and automatically curled and stored into a roll, a storage state is realized, storage, placement and carrying are convenient, the situation that the whole structure is scratched and falls off due to non-storage is reduced, the elastic steel sheet can be easily straightened to realize a light supplementing state, the structure is relatively simple, operation is convenient, and cost is low. And the favorite degree of the user is improved.

This invention belongs to the field of rockburst prevention and support in coal mine roadways, specifically providing a spiral energy-absorbing component, a support frame including the component, and a construction method. The spiral energy-absorbing component and support frame involve several parts: the spiral energy-absorbing component, the invert arch, and the arch crown. In the initial stage of roadway excavation support, the spiral energy-absorbing component partially deforms to adapt to the cross-sectional shape. During rockburst, energy is absorbed by the curling of the spiral region of the component, thus constituting primary support. After the internal support columns are fitted, the impact energy is absorbed through the plastic buckling of the component material and the concrete within the central columns, forming secondary support. The internal support provides the main support force for the steel-concrete composite structure. Therefore, this invention can achieve partial absorption of impact energy, improving the energy absorption level. Furthermore, it possesses a two-stage energy absorption buffer mechanism and a steel-concrete composite structure with extremely high load-bearing capacity, greatly improving the safety of roadway support.

The utility model discloses an automatic curling iron, and relates to the technical field of electrical equipment, in particular to the automatic curling iron which comprises a shell, a hair curler and a hair curler, the shell comprises a cylindrical curling part, and the cylindrical wall of the curling part is provided with a trumpet-shaped through groove in the axial direction; the heating pipe is coaxially and fixedly arranged in the hair curling part; the hair poking assembly is coaxially and rotatably mounted outside the heating pipe, and a driving motor for driving the hair poking assembly to rotate is arranged in the shell; one end of the limiting assembly is rotationally connected with the inner wall of one end of the hair curling part, and when the limiting assembly rotates, the other end of the limiting assembly can abut against the peripheral wall of the heating pipe; according to the automatic hair curling rod, the horn-shaped through groove is formed in the hair curling part, so that hair can conveniently enter the hair curler, meanwhile, the limiting assembly is additionally arranged, the hair roots entering the hair curler are limited, the hair roots are prevented from rotating along with the hair poking assembly, and therefore the problem that hard hair is difficult to wind in the hair curler is solved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of curling iron, in particular to a magnetic type quick-change curling iron mold device which comprises a handle, one end of the handle is connected with a connecting base in a magnetic mode, a first magnetic block is fixedly installed on the outer side of the middle of the upper end of the handle, and pressing grooves are formed in the two ends of the middle of the upper end of the handle. Moving grooves are formed in the two sides of the first magnetic block, limiting grooves are formed in the two sides of the middle of the pressing groove, a pressing block is slidably clamped to the middle of the pressing groove, limiting blocks are fixedly installed on the two sides of the pressing block, an elastic piece is fixedly installed in the middle of the pressing block, and one end of the elastic piece is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the pressing groove. L-shaped clamping plates are fixedly installed at the upper ends of the pressing blocks, and a second magnetic block is fixedly installed on the outer side of the middle of the lower end of the connecting base. The utility model solves the problem that the traditional magnetic type curling iron mold is connected only through two magnets with different polarities, and the connection mode has many defects in actual use.

This utility model discloses a waterproof membrane laying device, relating to the technical field of waterproof membrane laying. It includes a support plate, with a hydraulic rod fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the support plate. A hollow column is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the hydraulic rod. This utility model has a reasonable design structure. Through the cooperation of rollers, inclined wheels, and vertical wheels, the hydraulic rod is extended, bringing the rollers into contact with the laid waterproof membrane. The inclined wheels are positioned near the right angle, the vertical wheels contact the laid vertical surface, and the rollers contact the laid horizontal surface. The inclined wheels are located at the right-angle corner between the vertical and horizontal surfaces. This solves the problem that existing waterproof membranes require edge pressing after laying to prevent curling. Currently, pressing the edges is usually done manually to ensure a tight fit between the waterproof membrane edges and the joints, which is slow, time-consuming, and labor-intensive.