44 results about "Lead dioxide" patented technology

The invention discloses a green continuous production process of electrolytic manganese dioxide, which comprises the following steps: mixing a manganese-containing raw material and sulfuric acid according to a mass ratio of 1: (1.2-1.5), and then carrying out acid leaching at 80-90 DEG C for 2-3 hours to improve the manganese leaching rate to 91-98%; 10-15% hydrogen peroxide oxidation is combined with accurate regulation and control and flocculent precipitation of pH 5-6, so that the iron impurity residue is less than or equal to 5 ppm; in the electrolysis process, sulfuric acid is continuously supplemented to maintain the concentration of 150-180 g / L, the titanium-based lead dioxide anode and the stainless steel cathode are matched, and the current efficiency is 88-91.5%; and carrying out three-stage countercurrent washing and drying at 120-130 DEG C on the product to obtain the electrolytic manganese dioxide with the purity of more than or equal to 93%. The process provided by the invention is suitable for resource utilization of low-grade pyrolusite, and the obtained product is mainly used in the fields of lithium-manganese battery positive electrode materials, magnetic materials and catalyst carriers.

The invention provides a plating bath for preparing a titanium-based lead dioxide electrode through electro-deposition and a preparation method of the plating bath, and relates to the field of plating baths, and the plating bath comprises lead p-toluenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonic acid, fluoride of alkali metal and a dopant. The titanium-based lead dioxide electrode plating bath selects lead p-toluenesulfonate as a main salt and p-toluenesulfonic acid as an acid source, on one hand, the p-toluenesulfonic acid has a weak complexing effect and can form a complex with lead ions in the plating bath, the polarization effect of electro-deposition is increased, the compactness of a lead dioxide electro-deposition layer is improved, and the electrode stability is improved; on the other hand, p-toluenesulfonic acid serving as a hydrophilic organic molecule containing a large-pi conjugated system can be adsorbed on the surface of a lead dioxide crystal, growth of the lead dioxide crystal is regulated and controlled, electrodeposition distortion and internal stress of a lead dioxide active layer are reduced, and the accelerated life of an electrode is prolonged; and meanwhile, the p-toluenesulfonic acid can promote the dominant growth of beta-PbO2 with high catalytic activity, and is beneficial to improving the electrocatalytic activity of the titanium-based lead dioxide electrode.

The invention belongs to the technical field of adsorption materials, and particularly relates to a hydroxyl-free lead dioxide-based nitric oxide absorbent and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a mixed solution of perchloric acid and lead perchlorate, standing to form a saturated solution, and performing electrodeposition by using the saturated solution as an electrolyte to obtain a lead dioxide deposition layer; and cleaning, drying and crushing the sediments, drying the sediments in an air dry oven with an air exchange function, and calcining the sediments at high temperature to form a target product. The obtained absorbent has the characteristics of hydroxyl-free structure, nanoscale particle size, high porosity, excellent adsorption performance and the like. Test results show that the absorbent has good selective adsorption capacity on NO2, and the adsorption efficiency can reach 85% or above. The material is suitable for nitrogen oxide interference absorption in the determination process of the hydrocarbon content in coal, and has important application value.

This invention relates to a method for preparing a composite electrode for electrochemical oxidation of antibiotics, belonging to the technical field of electrode materials for electrochemical wastewater treatment. The method is characterized by the uniform distribution of carbon nanotubes containing lead dioxide nanospheres on the surface of a boron-doped diamond film grown on a silicon substrate. The preparation method includes: growing a boron-doped diamond film on the silicon substrate surface, preparing carbon nanotubes containing lead dioxide nanospheres, and preparing the composite electrode by spin-coating. This invention designs a PbO2 nanostructure with more active sites to improve electrochemical activity, resulting in a fast degradation rate and high removal rate for antibiotic wastewater, while preventing water pollution caused by residual PbO2 during the degradation process. It has significant practical application value.

The manufacturing method of the disclosed interface-enhanced anode plate comprises the following steps: carrying out sand blasting and acid pickling on the surface of the doped titanium substrate; snSO, HSO, gelatin and thiourea are selected as deposition liquid, electro-deposition is conducted on the surface of the doped titanium substrate, and ZnSO is added into the deposition liquid to continue electro-deposition; an electrolyte containing NHF and citric acid is selected, the workpiece is used as an anode to be subjected to oxidation treatment in the electrolyte, then the workpiece is placed in alkali liquor to be subjected to alkali etching treatment, and finally the workpiece is subjected to thermocuring treatment. Pb (NO), nanometer TaO5, Cu (NO). 3HO and PVP-K30 are selected as deposition liquid, and electro-deposition is carried out on the surface of a workpiece. The disclosed titanium-based lead dioxide anode plate sequentially comprises a doped titanium substrate, a SnO intermediate layer and a nano-modified beta-PbO active layer from inside to outside, the SnO intermediate layer and the doped titanium substrate are combined to form a first enhanced interface, and the SnO intermediate layer and the nano-modified beta-PbO active layer are combined to form a second enhanced interface. The anode plate has higher coating bonding strength and longer service life.

The invention discloses a method for detecting lead plaster components of a waste lead-acid storage battery. The invention relates to the technical field of waste storage battery resourceful treatment and detection, the method comprises preparation and calibration of an EDTA standard solution, and continuous determination of the content of lead oxide, lead sulfate, metal lead and lead dioxide in lead plaster, through use of formic acid, ammonium carbonate and other reagents and combination of an ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology, the dissolution efficiency is significantly improved, and the content of lead oxide, lead sulfate, metal lead and lead dioxide in the lead plaster is determined. The reaction time is greatly shortened; the selective dissolution of the metal lead is realized by accurately controlling the low-temperature condition and the reaction time, and the interference of lead dioxide is effectively avoided; according to the method, by optimizing a reagent system and introducing ultrasonic-assisted extraction, the dosage of strong acid and the emission of toxic wastes are greatly reduced, the method is more environment-friendly while the result accuracy is ensured, and the method is clear in operation flow, good in reproducibility and suitable for rapid and reliable determination of the components of the lead paste in an industrial recovery scene.

The present application relates to a kind of U-shaped titanium copper clad aluminum base lead dioxide composite anode plate for non-ferrous electro-deposition and preparation method thereof, belong to hydrometallurgy technical field.The composite anode plate of the present application includes titanium copper clad aluminum rod conductive beam, transition titanium copper clad aluminum plate, U-shaped titanium copper clad aluminum rod manganese dioxide composite anode and longitudinal conductive reinforcing rib, titanium copper clad aluminum rod conductive beam and transition titanium copper clad aluminum plate include secondary aluminum layer, copper layer and titanium layer from inside to outside in sequence;U-shaped titanium copper clad aluminum rod manganese dioxide composite anode rod and longitudinal conductive reinforcing rib include titanium copper clad aluminum rod matrix, tin-sb-bi-ce-nickel composite oxide Sn-Sb-Bi-Ce-NiO x bottom layer, manganese-cerium-copper composite oxide Mn-Ce-CuO x Middle layer and cerium-doped-cobalt γ-MnO2 Composite active layer.Compared with traditional lead-silver multi-element alloy, the anode life of the composite anode plate of the present application can be prolonged by 2 times, the cell voltage is reduced by more than 12%, the current efficiency is increased by more than 4%, and the quality of cathode product is high.

The application discloses a method for removing a hard-to-dissolve covering layer on the surface of a titanium-based lead dioxide anode, which comprises the following steps: softening treatment of the hard-to-dissolve covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode by using sodium hexametaphosphate or citric acid, and then complexing removal of the hard-to-dissolve covering layer on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode by using an alkaline solution containing potassium sodium tartrate under the assistance of ultrasonic waves. The method is simple in operation, and can simply and quickly remove the dense hard-to-dissolve covering layer deposited on the surface of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode without damaging the coating of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode, thereby improving current efficiency, reducing power consumption, prolonging the service life of the titanium-based lead dioxide anode and achieving the purpose of energy-saving and consumption-reducing production.

The invention relates to a titanium-based lead dioxide composite anode plate for hydrometallurgy and a preparation method of the titanium-based lead dioxide composite anode plate, and belongs to the technical field of hydrometallurgy. The titanium mesh-based lead dioxide composite gradient plate comprises a Ti-Cu-stainless steel conductive beam, a titanium transition plate and a titanium mesh-based lead dioxide composite gradient plate body, and the titanium mesh-based lead dioxide composite gradient plate body comprises a longitudinal conductive reinforcing rib I, a longitudinal conductive reinforcing rib II, a transverse conductive reinforcing rib I, a transverse conductive reinforcing rib II, an annular conductive reinforcing rib and a titanium-based lead dioxide composite mesh plate. The titanium-based lead dioxide composite screen plate sequentially comprises a titanium mesh substrate, a gamma-MnO2-CaOx composite oxide bottom layer doped with cobalt-coated glass fiber powder / nano Al2O3 particles, a Pb-Co-Zr-SbOx oxide middle layer and a beta-PbO2-WOx composite oxide active layer doped with SrTiO3-SiO2-Ag composite ceramic powder from inside to outside. The conductive support sequentially comprises a titanium substrate, a Pb-Co-Zr-SbOx oxide middle layer and a SrTiO3-SiO2-Ag doped composite ceramic powder beta-PbO2-WOx composite oxide active layer from inside to outside. The lead dioxide plating layer of the anode plate is not prone to falling off, the oxygen evolution potential is low, the service life is long, and the electric efficiency is high.

Aspects disclosed herein include a method for stabilizing a lead anode, the method comprising: operating an electrochemical cell comprising performing electrochemical reduction at a first cathode and electrochemical oxidation at a first anode; wherein: the electrochemical cell comprises a first anodic chamber having a first anolyte in contact with the first anode, a first cathodic chamber having a first catholyte in contact with the first cathode, and a first separator separating the first anolyte from the first catholyte; the first anode is a lead electrode; each of the first anolyte and the first catholyte independently comprises aqueous iron cations and aqueous anions; and the first anolyte comprises the aqueous iron cations at a concentration selected from the range of 0.01 M to 0.5 M.

The application discloses a lead-sodium storage battery positive pole lead paste in the technical field of storage batteries, which comprises the following components by weight: lead oxide powder 100 parts, sulfuric acid 6-10 parts, deionized water 14-24 parts, short fibers 0.05-0.07 parts, lead dioxide 2-8 parts, lead sulfate 1-2 parts, calcium sulfate 0.5-1.5 parts, stannous sulfate 0.05-0.15 parts, antimony trioxide 0.05-0.15 parts, carbon black 0.5-1 part, sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose 0.1-0.2 parts and mixed carbon material 0.1-0.5 parts. Through the design improvement of the process, the application can effectively improve the formation efficiency, low-temperature performance and service life of the storage battery.

An electrochemical cell assembly includes an electrochemical cell including housing and a negative active material disposed within a first electrode chamber of the housing. The negative active material includes lead. The electrochemical cell further includes a positive active material disposed within a second electrode chamber of the housing and a separator disposed in the housing between the first electrode chamber and the second electrode chamber. The positive active material includes lead and / or lead dioxide. The electrochemical cell assembly further includes a pumping assembly configured to pump a plurality of electrolytes through either the first electrode chamber or the second electrode chamber during operation of the electrochemical cell based on a process of a cell cycle of the electrochemical cell.

This invention discloses a method for preparing lead halide semiconductor thin films from waste lead paste. The method includes the following steps: A: Thoroughly cleaning the substrate, followed by drying; B: Collecting a portion of lead paste from waste lead-acid batteries, first using a desulfurizing agent to desulfurize the lead paste with lead sulfate, then adding a reducing agent to convert lead dioxide into lead oxide, and then using an organic acid leaching agent to obtain an acid solution containing divalent lead ions; C: Depositing the acid solution containing divalent lead ions and a certain amount of halogenated acid or halide salt onto the treated substrate, then placing the substrate on a hot plate for high-temperature annealing, obtaining the lead halide semiconductor thin film after annealing, and then drying it in a drying oven. This method not only simplifies the steps and directly yields lead halide thin films, reducing excessive waste of lead resources, but also promotes the large-scale application of optoelectronic devices with the obtained lead halide thin films.

The utility model discloses a treatment device integrating activated carbon adsorption and activated carbon regeneration with a multilayer structure. The treatment device comprises an electrolytic bath, a direct-current power supply and a circulating pipeline, a plurality of groups of electrode plates which are sequentially arranged in parallel are arranged in the electrolytic bath, and each group of electrode plates comprises a titanium-based lead dioxide anode plate and an activated carbon particle cathode plate; the direct-current power supply is connected with the multiple groups of electrode plates through wires, the cathode of the direct-current power supply is connected with the active carbon particle cathode plate, and the anode of the direct-current power supply is connected with the titanium-based lead dioxide anode plate; the circulating pipeline is provided with a centrifugal pump, the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the circulating pipeline are respectively connected with the water inlet and the water outlet of the tank body, and the circulating pipeline is used for circulating wastewater to pass through the tank body. The design of the electrode plate optimizes the electrochemical reaction efficiency, the direct-current power supply ensures stable current output, and continuous circulation of wastewater is realized through the circulation pipeline. The device performs in-situ regeneration on activated carbon through electrochemical reaction, so that the operation efficiency is improved.

The present invention relates to the technical field of heavy metal wastewater treatment, in particular to an electrochemical device and an extraction method for extracting copper from copper-containing wastewater, wherein the electrochemical device comprises an anode material consisting of activated carbon, graphite, lead dioxide, BDD and Cu m X 1-a-b Y a Z b and a cathode material made of Cu n X 1-c-d Y c Z dand a carbon-selenium complex, and the cathode and anode are connected to a power supply for the treatment of copper-containing wastewater; wherein 1 < m ≤ 2, 1 ≤ n < 2 and m > n; 0 ≤ a ≤ 1, 0 ≤ b ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ a + b ≤ 1; 0 ≤ c ≤ 1, 0 ≤ d ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ c + d ≤ 1; and X, Y and Z are selected from one of S, Se and Te. The present invention uses copper-based sulfur compounds as electrode material and forms an electrochemical device with other electrodes, wherein the device is an electrocatalytically coupled deionization system with electrochemical oxidation and complexation breaking properties and exhibits good selective removal of Cu. 2+in organic, complex copper-containing wastewater, highly acidic wastewater, and wastewater contaminated by high concentrations of salt ions and heavy metal ions; this device can effectively break down the complexation of the organic pollutant complex Cu-EDTA, thus facilitating the extraction of Cu 2+ complete.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a catalytic anode based on a porous tetragonal system lead dioxide coating, and belongs to the technical field of hydrometallurgy. The method comprises the following steps: by taking a lead-silver alloy matrix electrode as an anode and a stainless steel plate as a cathode, carrying out anode constant-current electrodeposition in a lead oxide alkaline electrolyte to obtain a lead-silver / orthorhombic system lead dioxide electrode; a lead-silver / orthorhombic system lead dioxide electrode is used as a working electrode, a stainless steel plate is used as a counter electrode, a mercury / mercurous sulfate electrode is used as a reference electrode, linear scanning electrodeposition is carried out in a methanesulfonic acid-methanesulfonic acid lead-acid system, and the porous tetragonal system lead dioxide coating catalytic anode material is obtained. The porous tetragonal lead dioxide coating catalytic anode material has excellent oxygen evolution electro-catalytic performance and stability, and can solve the bottleneck problems of high energy consumption per ton of zinc and high maintenance cost caused by overlarge oxygen evolution overpotential, short service life and the like of the traditional lead-silver anode catalytic material in the zinc electrodeposition process in zinc hydrometallurgy.

The application discloses an electrochemical method for degrading pesticide gamma-HCH in water by using a modified lead dioxide-graphite felt electrode, and belongs to the field of water treatment by using an electrochemical method. The application first prepares a modified lead dioxide electrode, constructs an electrolysis reaction system by cooperating with a graphite felt electrode, and combines an electrolyte to electrochemically degrade pesticide gamma-HCH in water. The method is simple, practical and efficient, has high degradation efficiency and environmental friendliness, and is capable of degrading pesticide gamma-HCH in water in a very short time through cathode leading and anode assisting, based on direct electron transfer and indirect oxidation path, and maintaining a high removal rate in a pH range of 3-11.

This invention discloses a carboxyl-modified lanthanum-cerium co-doped lead dioxide catalytic electrode, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of wastewater treatment technology. The preparation method of the carboxyl-modified lanthanum-cerium co-doped lead dioxide catalytic electrode of this invention includes the following steps: mixing lead salt, cerium salt, lanthanum salt, and sodium fluoride, adjusting the pH to acidic to obtain an electrodeposition solution; using a carbon substrate as the anode and the electrodeposition solution as the electrolyte, performing electrodeposition to obtain a LaCe / PbO2-C electrode; immersing the LaCe / PbO2-C electrode in a carboxyl-containing organic acid solution to carry out a carboxyl modification reaction, completing the preparation. The electrochemical system based on the CA@LaCe / PbO2-C catalytic anode constructed in this invention is effective in treating favipiravir and Cu... 2+ Regarding mixed wastewater, it can achieve efficient degradation of organic pollutants and simultaneous recovery of heavy metal ions.

This invention relates to a method for preparing an electrode for measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD) in water, and pertains to the field of electrode preparation technology. The method for preparing the electrode for measuring COD in water using this invention involves the preparation of a lead dioxide electrode using titanium or titanium alloys as the conductive substrate material. In this method, a lead dioxide sensitive film is first deposited on the surface of titanium or titanium alloy using an electrochemical method. Subsequently, the exposed titanium or titanium alloy conductive substrate is rapidly oxidized using an electrochemical passivation method to form an electrochemically inert insulating layer. This solves the problems of baseline drift and large background current caused by the slow oxidation of the exposed titanium or titanium alloy conductive substrate during the testing process. The method for preparing the electrode for measuring COD in water using this invention is simple, rapid, highly operable, and highly controllable, and can meet the requirements for batch preparation. The prepared lead dioxide electrode can be used as the working electrode of a COD electrochemical sensor.

The present invention relates to a membrane electrode for preparing ozone and a preparation method thereof. The anode surface of the membrane electrode is loaded with an anode catalyst layer, and the cathode surface is loaded with a cathode catalyst layer. The anode catalyst layer comprises lead dioxide, a binder, a dispersing solvent and a surfactant, and the mass ratio of the lead dioxide, the binder, the dispersing solvent and the surfactant is 1: (6-7): (40-50): (0.13-0.26). The anode catalyst layer is loaded on one side of a proton exchange membrane by a transfer method. The cathode catalyst layer comprises platinum carbon, a binder and a solvent, and the platinum loading amount in the cathode catalyst layer is 0.5-1 mg / cm 2 The mass ratio of carbon content in the platinum carbon to the binder is 1:(0.5-1). The cathode catalyst layer is spray-coated on the other side of the proton exchange membrane. The membrane electrode of this invention has stable performance and can be used in ozone generators. It only needs a voltage of 3.5V to decompose water into ozone, with high efficiency and fast production speed.

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrometallurgy, in particular to a method for recycling lead series products from waste lead plaster three-chamber ore pulp through electrolysis and phase separation. The invention discloses a method for recycling a lead-series product through electrolysis and phase separation of waste lead plaster three-chamber ore pulp. The method comprises the following steps that 1, electrolyte is placed in a cathode chamber, an anode chamber and an intermediate chamber of an electrolytic bath; 2, adding waste lead paste powder into the electrolyte of the middle chamber, and uniformly dispersing; and step 3, switching on a power supply for electrolysis, obtaining metal lead in the cathode chamber after electrolysis is finished, obtaining lead dioxide in the anode chamber, and obtaining lead sulfate in the intermediate chamber. According to the method, oxidation deposition of lead is achieved in the anode area to generate lead dioxide, reduction electrodeposition of lead ions is completed in the cathode area to prepare metal lead, and a lead sulfate product is enriched and separated out in the middle chamber. The method integrates waste lead plaster leaching, electrolysis and product separation, is short in process and low in energy consumption, and provides a new technical path for clean and high-value recovery of the waste lead plaster.

The invention discloses an aluminum-lead dioxide aqueous ion battery and application thereof in energy storage equipment. The aluminum-lead dioxide aqueous ion battery comprises a positive electrode chamber and a negative electrode chamber, the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber are separated by a diaphragm; the positive electrode chamber comprises a positive electrode and a positive electrode electrolyte, the positive electrode contains an active substance, the active substance comprises lead dioxide, and the positive electrode electrolyte is an acidic electrolyte; the negative electrode chamber comprises a negative electrode and a negative electrode electrolyte, and the negative electrode is an aluminum negative electrode; and the negative electrode electrolyte is an alkaline electrolyte. The aluminum-lead dioxide aqueous ion battery provided by the invention realizes high battery voltage output under the aqueous electrolyte condition, and is simple in setting and green and environment-friendly. The aluminum-lead dioxide aqueous ion battery provided by the invention has high energy density, power density and good safety.

The embodiment of the application provides a titanium dioxide nanotube intermediate layer cooperated with neodymium modified titanium-based lead dioxide hydrophobic electrode and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrocatalytic oxidation anode materials. The titanium-based lead dioxide hydrophobic electrode comprises a titanium base plate, a titanium dioxide nanotube intermediate layer formed on the surface of the titanium base plate, which is a vertically oriented nanotube array structure, and a neodymium modified lead dioxide surface active layer deposited on the surface of the titanium dioxide nanotube intermediate layer; wherein the neodymium modified lead dioxide surface active layer is a super-hydrophobic surface formed by regulating a hydrophobic agent, and the contact angle with water is greater than or equal to 140 degrees. The electrode prepared by the application solves the problems of easy falling off of the active layer and passivation of the titanium base, greatly prolongs the service life of the electrode, and enhances the catalytic activity and corrosion resistance, thereby improving the efficiency of wastewater advanced treatment and salt resource utilization.

This invention belongs to the field of electrocatalytic oxidation technology, specifically disclosing a modified titanium-based coated electrode, its preparation method, and its application. The electrode, from bottom to top, consists of a titanium substrate etched with mixed acid, a zirconium tin oxide intermediate layer constructed by thermal decomposition, and an electrodeposited lead dioxide active layer. The modified titanium-based coated electrode is applied to the electrocatalytic oxidation degradation of organic dye wastewater. The modified titanium-based coated electrode provided by this invention has low manufacturing cost. The lead dioxide active layer has a dense tetrahedral pyramidal structure, which effectively prevents reactive oxygen species from penetrating the electrode surface, protects the outer layer from detachment, improves electrode performance, extends electrode lifespan, and provides abundant active sites for efficient electrocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.

The invention discloses an electrolytic refining method for lead bullion in the field of non-ferrous metallurgy. The electrolytic refining method comprises the following steps that the lead bullion is pretreated for standby application; the modified material takes a titanium-based porous skeleton as a substrate, a composite layer is formed through oxidation impregnation of a multi-walled carbon nanotube, then a rare earth doped lead dioxide active layer is electrically deposited, and the conductivity and impurity adsorption are enhanced. Loading the modified material on a pure lead substrate through hot pressing to prepare a composite anode, taking a pure lead sheet as a cathode, and placing the composite anode and the cathode in a polypropylene electrolytic bath with the distance between the cathode and the anode being 1.9-2.1 cm; the initial current density is controlled to be 220-260 A / m < 2 >, the cell voltage is controlled to be 1.8-2.2 V, electrolysis is conducted for 24-30 hours till the anode scrap is smaller than or equal to 1 cm, the lead ion concentration is monitored during electrolysis, the dissolving solution is supplemented, and shunting is conducted when impurities exceed the standard. After electrolysis, a cathode is washed and stripped to obtain 1.2-1.5 mm lead sheets, the lead sheets are cast into ingots, and anode mud and anode scraps are recycled. The method inhibits anode mud, is low in cell voltage, and prolongs the anode life.

The invention discloses a method for extracting lead from waste lead plaster by taking sulfide minerals as a reducing agent, and belongs to the field of hydrometallurgy. The method comprises the following steps: mixing, heating and stirring the waste lead plaster, sulfide minerals, ferric salt and a sulfuric acid solution, reducing and converting a lead-containing phase in the waste lead plaster into insoluble lead sulfate to obtain reducing slag, generating ferrous ions from the sulfide minerals under the action of a ferric salt catalyst, and reducing and converting lead dioxide in the waste lead plaster into lead sulfate; the reducing slag and an acetate solution are mixed, heated and stirred, lead sulfate is desulfurized and leached into soluble lead acetate, and a lead-containing leaching solution is obtained. Aiming at the waste lead plaster in the waste lead-acid storage battery, the low-cost sulfide mineral is used as a reducing agent, so that the process cost is reduced. By means of the two-step process of reduction conversion and desulfurization leaching, the additional impurity separation procedure is avoided, the extraction efficiency of lead in the waste lead plaster is 99% or above, the pure lead-containing leaching solution is obtained, and a new thought is provided for efficient recycling of the waste lead plaster.

An electrochemical cell assembly includes an electrochemical cell including housing and a negative active material disposed within a first electrode chamber of the housing. The negative active material includes lead. The electrochemical cell further includes a positive active material disposed within a second electrode chamber of the housing and a separator disposed in the housing between the first electrode chamber and the second electrode chamber. The positive active material includes lead and / or lead dioxide. The electrochemical cell assembly further includes a pumping assembly configured to pump a plurality of electrolytes through either the first electrode chamber or the second electrode chamber during operation of the electrochemical cell based on a process of a cell cycle of the electrochemical cell.

This invention discloses a method for confirming the passivation layer of the positive grid of a lead-acid battery panel, comprising the following steps: S1, initial cleaning; S2, removal of lead dioxide; S3, secondary cleaning; S4, drying treatment; and S5, acetic acid reaction test. By observing the reaction of the grid surface with the acetic acid aqueous solution (whether bubbles are generated) and the appearance of metallic luster, the presence of a passivation layer can be directly determined. The results are intuitive and easy to understand, requiring no complex data analysis. Pre-treatment steps such as initial cleaning, lead dioxide removal, and secondary cleaning effectively eliminate interference from other substances on the grid surface, ensuring the accuracy of the acetic acid reaction test. Furthermore, by optimizing reaction conditions (such as acetic acid concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time), the reliability of the test results is further improved.

The invention provides a solid-state lead-acid storage battery based on curved-surface graphene, and relates to the technical field of batteries, the solid-state lead-acid storage battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate and a solid-state electrolyte, the positive plate uses lead dioxide as an active substance, and is in contact with the solid-state electrolyte to complete an oxidation reaction; the negative plate adopts metal lead Pb to participate in the reduction reaction; according to the solid electrolyte, lithium carbosilicate-based gel is adopted as electrolyte, and an ion conduction channel is provided, so that effective charge transfer is carried out between a positive electrode and a negative electrode; according to the invention, lead Pb is used as a negative electrode, lead dioxide is used as a positive electrode, lithium carbosilicate is used as an electrolyte, the curved graphene with a specific quantum effect is added into the positive and negative electrode plates, and the electrode reaction kinetics is optimized by using the curved shell structure and the high specific surface area characteristic of the curved graphene, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the battery is improved from 35%-55% traditionally to 70%-99% or above.

This invention discloses a method for preparing an iron-cobalt co-doped lead dioxide electrode and its application in the synergistic degradation of antibiotic-containing wastewater. Using titanium as a substrate and in-situ self-grown titanium dioxide nanotubes as a transition layer, the iron-cobalt co-doped lead dioxide electrocatalytic anode (Fe-Co-PbO2-TNAs / Ti) is prepared. This invention combines anodic oxidation with cathodic reduction, along with high-temperature calcination in a tube furnace. First, a TiO2 nanotube array (TNAs / Ti) is constructed on the surface of the titanium substrate. Then, the Fe-Co-PbO2-TNAs / Ti anode is prepared using a water bath-electrodeposition method, while simultaneously preparing an S-doped Co3O4 cathode. The constructed anode-cathode coupling system achieves the synergistic effect of anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction, effectively improving the removal capacity of typical recalcitrant organic pollutants in pharmaceutical and chemical wastewater by regulating the generation of active species and the interfacial electron transfer process.