5216 results about "Lead–acid battery" patented technology

A method and apparatus for efficiently charging lead-acid batteries applies small voltage steps to probe the charging efficiency of a battery being charged. The application of a voltage step causes the current to change from a base current to a surge current immediately after the voltage step, and to decay asymptotically to a plateau current after the surge current. A current ratio, defined as the difference between the plateau current and the base current divided by the difference between the surge current and the base current, is used as an indicator of the charging efficiency. The output voltage of the power supply charging the battery is then adjusted according to the measured current ratio. A current-voltage slope, defined as the difference between the plateau current and the base current divided by the magnitude of the voltage step, may also be used as an indicator of the charging efficiency for controlling the charging process. Alternatively, in a current-controlled charging process, small current steps are used to probe the charging efficiency. For a current step, the induced voltage changes are measured, and a transient-plateau voltage ratio is calculated. The charging current is then adjusted according to the calculated voltage ratio.

A power source apparatus mounted to a vehicle is equipped with a lead-acid battery and a lithium battery. An open circuit voltage and an internal resistance of each of the batteries are determined to satisfy the following conditions (a1), (a2), and (a3): (a1) In the use range of SOC of the lead-acid battery and the use range of SOC of the lithium battery, there is an equal voltage point Vds at which the open circuit voltage V0 (Pb) of the lead-acid battery becomes equal to the open circuit voltage V0 (Li) of the lithium battery; (a2) The relationship of V0 (Li)>V0 (Pb) is satisfied in the upper limit side of the use range of SOC of the battery; and (a3) A terminal voltage Vc (Li) of the lithium battery is not more than a set voltage Vreg of a regulator when a maximum current flows in the lithium battery.

A lead-acid battery comprising: at least one lead-based negative electrode; at least one lead dioxide-based positive electrode; at least one capacitor electrode; and electrolyte in contact with the electrodes; wherein a battery part is formed by the lead based negative electrode and the lead dioxide-based positive electrode; and an asymmetric capacitor part is formed by the capacitor electrode and one electrode selected from the lead based negative electrode and the lead-dioxide based positive electrode; and wherein all negative electrodes are connected to a negative busbar, and all positive electrodes are connected to a positive busbar. The capacitor electrode may be a capacitor negative electrode comprising carbon and an additive mixture selected from oxides, hydroxides or sulfates of lead, zinc, cadmium, silver and bismuth, or a capacitor negative electrode comprising carbon, red lead, antimony in oxide, hydroxide or sulfate form, and optionally other additives. The capacitor electrode may be used in asymmetric capacitors and batteries of other types.

Electronic self-test and/or self-diagnostic systems particularly useful with emergency lighting fixtures, including exit signage having light emitting diodes as light sources and unit emergency fixtures powered with lead-acid batteries, the systems perform testing and diagnostic functions on the circuitry, power supply, charger and lamping of such fixtures either by manual or automatic initiation. Testing functions are provided through use of a programmable microprocessor, the diagnostic circuitry not only monitoring operation of charger/transfer circuitry but also controlling the charger/transfer circuitry to enable alternate strategies for alleviation of a given failure. In emergency mode of a light emitting diode exit sign, a microprocessor-controlled two-stage inverter is employed not only to power the LED light source, but also to efficiently power the microprocessor. Power to the microprocessor is controlled by the microprocessor itself and can therefore be discontinued after appropriate operation until mains power is restored, thereby effectively reducing power consumption to zero. System operation can be flexibly configured through use of a two-wire serial link between modular elements of the system. Incandescent emergency unit fixtures due to high drain rates and output loads require emergency mode operation through use of lead-acid batteries, thereby requiring voltage controlled charging and relay transfer, the self-test and/or self-diagnostic circuitry of the invention used with emergency unit fixtures thus differing in various respects from the circuitry employed for the LED exit signage fixtures and primarily in the need to measure both charge and discharge currents, the circuitry having a larger dynamic range in addition to a capability of measuring both positive and negative currents.

The invention discloses a battery management system with balanced charge and discharge functions and a control method thereof, relating to a battery management system of a dynamic battery pack. The battery management system is structurally characterized in that a central processing unit (CPU) control unit is connected with a battery and relay set so as to detect the working condition of the battery and relay set; the CPU control unit and a balanced discharge module are successively connected with the battery and relay set so as to control the balanced discharge of the battery and the relay set; the CPU control unit, a balanced charge module and the battery and the relay set are successively connected so as to control the balanced charge of the battery and relay set; and a super-capacitor is connected with the balanced discharge module so as to store the discharge energy of the battery and relay set for supplying power for the battery management system. The battery management system can be widely applied to management of various battery packs such as a lead-acid battery, a lithium battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery and the like, supports the expansion of a lower computer, and can conveniently detect and monitor the conditions of multiple batteries.

A sump pump control system for monitoring and driving AC pumps that are supplied by directly either by AC utility power, or converted DC battery power. AC power is continuously monitored and the control automatically switches to DC battery supply in the case of power failure. DC battery power is converted to AC power. The control is equipped with unique pump switching circuitry allowing the pumps to be configured in parallel or staggered positions. Both pumps automatically alternate to prevent damage to pumps from humidity and corrosion that can result from remaining idle. Each pump has its own float switch to control operation. A third float switch controls both pumps in case of failure of either pump or float switch. Multiple visual and audio signals are included, displaying present power and pump conditions as well as alerting to any pump malfunction. The control utilizes two 12 volt deep cycle lead acid batteries that are being monitored for voltage level and continuously trickle charged to maintain maximum capacity. Batteries can be paralleled to obtain longer pump running time when AC power fails. The control system also allows for use of a single pump in the absence of a second pump.

A separator for a lead acid battery is a porous membrane having a positive electrode face and a negative electrode face. A plurality of longitudinally extending ribs, a plurality of protrusions or a nonwoven material may be disposed upon the positive electrode face. A plurality of transversely extending ribs are disposed upon the negative electrode face. The transverse ribs disposed upon the negative electrode face are preferably juxtaposed to a negative electrode of the lead acid battery, when the separator is placed within that battery.

The present invention concerns a battery monitoring system for monitoring a plurality of batteries serially connected to form a string. The battery monitoring system includes a number of probes connected to at least a portion of the string, a daisy chain bus having a select channel for serially interconnecting the probes, the bus having other, parallel channels for data communication and power, and a system server. The probes each have a sensing module and a communication module. The sensing module senses characteristics of at least a portion of the string, such as voltage or current. The communication module receives the sensed characteristics and converts them into digital form for broadcast to the system server over the bus. The communication module of the probes have a memory for storing an address assigned to the corresponding probe upon reception of an initialization signal sent by the system server via the bus.

The invention belongs to the technical field of distributed power generation microgrid systems in power systems and relates to a wind-solar-diesel storage isolated microgrid system which comprises a lead-acid battery, one group or multiple groups of photovoltaic battery arrays, a fan, a diesel generator, a microgrid monitoring sub-system, a controllable load and an uncontrollable load, wherein the fan comprises more than one wind turbine generator or more than one group of wind turbine generator set, the lead-acid battery and the photovoltaic battery arrays are merged into a direct current bus bar through all front-stage two-way DC (direct current)/DC converters and connected into an alternating current bus bar through a two-way DC/AC (alternating current) inverter, the diesel generator is merged into the direct current bus bar through an AC/DC current converter, the wind turbine generator set is connected into the alternating current bus bar through an AC/DC/AC converter, the microgrid monitoring sub-system is used for controlling voltage and the frequency in a microgrid to be stable. The invention simultaneously provides a coordinated operation control method for the system. Thewind-solar-diesel storage isolated microgrid system has stronger robustness and flexibility, and can meet the long-term high-efficient stable operation requirement of the isolated microgrid system.

The invention relates to a state estimating method for an automobile start illumination type lead-acid storage battery. The method comprises the following steps: 1) connecting the storage battery and a current/voltage/temperature detection device, and connecting the detection device and a storage battery state estimating device; 2) transmitting detected current/voltage/temperature data of the storage battery to a storage battery state estimating device by the detection device, and judging the working conditions of the storage battery according to the detected data and adopting different estimating methods by the state estimating device, 3) synthesizing charge states of the working conditions of the storage battery acquired in the step 2); 4) updating parameters in the storage battery charge state estimating method in the step 1) by using the deviation of the storage battery state synthesized in the step 3) and the storage battery state before synthesis and the error of each method, and calculating the healthy state of the storage battery; and 5) storing the parameters updated in the step 4) into the storage battery state estimating device for an iteration estimating process of the next period.

A multi-purpose battery jump starter and reconditioner. The device is portable and includes electronic circuitry for use in desulfating lead-acid batteries. A rechargeable internal battery permits operation in remote conditions. Accessories include an air compressor, DC outlet, USB outlet, and light to cause cycling of the battery for optimum life. The jump starter, cables and air compressor are all integrated into a light weight compact housing.

A recursive algorithm is provided for adaptive multi-parameter regression enhanced with forgetting factors unique to each regressed parameter. Applications of this algorithm can include lead acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and lithium-ion batteries, among others. A control algorithm is presented, having an arbitrary number of model parameters, each having its own time-weighting factor. A method to determine optimal values for the time-weighting factors is included, to give greater effect to recently obtained data for the determination of a system's state. A methodology of weighted recursive least squares is employed, wherein the time weighting corresponds to the exponential-forgetting formalism. The derived mathematical result does not involve matrix inversion, and the method is iterative, i.e. each parameter is regressed individually at every time step.

In a power supply device of the invention, when the state of charge SOC1 of a low-voltage battery is lower than a discharging reference value Shi1 below a full charge level and when the state of charge SOC2 of a high-voltage battery is not lower than a discharging reference value Slow2 at a system-off time, the low-voltage battery is charged close to its full charge level with the electric power supplied from the high-voltage battery. The lead acid battery used for the low-voltage battery has the high potential for deterioration in the continuously low state of charge SOC. The lithium secondary battery used for the high-voltage battery has the high potential for deterioration in the continuously high state of charge SOC. The charge of the low-voltage battery in combination with the discharge of the high-voltage battery enables both the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery to have respective favorable states of charge with little potentials for deterioration. The technique of the invention thus effectively prevents quick deterioration of both the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery.

The present invention is directed to energy storage devices, such as lead-acid batteries, and methods of improving the performance thereof, through the incorporation of one or more carbon-based additives.

A hybrid lead-acid battery/electrochemical capacitor electrical energy storage device. The lead-acid battery and electrochemical capacitor reside in the same case and are electrically connected. Preferably, a hybrid device of the present invention includes at least one non-polarizable positive electrode, at least one non-polarizable negative electrode, and at least one polarizable electric double layer negative electrode. Separators reside between the electrodes and the separators and electrodes are impregnated with an aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte. A hybrid device of the present invention exhibits high power characteristics.

A method and apparatus for fast charging of batteries such as lead acid batteries is provided. A repeatedly pulsed current is applied to the battery to enable a determined resistance free maximum pulsed voltage to be reached where the determined resistance free maximum pulsed voltage is below that at which unacceptable gassing will occur. The determined resistance free maximum pulsed voltage is above that of a known average resistance free pulsed voltage for the battery type. When the determined maximum pulsed voltage is reached the pulsed current is continued to be applied to maintain the resistance free maximum pulsed voltage at approximately the determined resistance free maximum pulsed voltage by at least one of: (I) reducing the amplitude of the pulsed charging current, (II) increasing the OFF-time of pulses of the pulsed charging current, (III) decreasing the ON-time of pulses of the pulsed charging current, (IV) a combination of any two or more of (I), (II) or (III). In addition, the present invention may employ a combination of stages to charge the battery. Alternatively or in combination, the system may use a repeatedly pulsed charging current or a repeatedly pulsed charge voltage to control and adjust the charging of the battery.

This application relates to a hybrid power supply apparatus comprising a fuel cell and an energy storage device for use in off-road electric vehicles, such as lift trucks. The apparatus is a substitute for conventional lead acid batteries and is sized to fit within a conventional lift truck battery receptacle tray. The fuel cell and fuel processor systems are designed to meet the average load requirements of the vehicle, while the batteries and power control hardware are capable of responding to very high instantaneous load demands. The invention has a similar electrical interface as conventional battery systems and does not require vehicle modification. The apparatus is air-cooled to ensure that the hybrid power components operate within a preferred temperature range and to maintain the external surfaces of the apparatus and exhaust gases within safe temperature limits. Apart from vehicular applications, low power hybrid fuel cell products as exemplified by the present invention may also find application in uninterruptable power supply systems, recreational power, off-grid power generation and other analogous applications.

The present invention discloses a lead-acid battery charging method, multiple charging modes are set. In the normal mode, according to battery capacity, charge batteries in multi-stages. The corresponding charger is disclosed which comprising of: high-power switch power supply, switch circuit, impulse charge-discharge circuit, voltage and current detecting circuit, charge mode switch module and micro-processor. Comparing to present technique, the present invention sets multiple charge modes, charges in multi-stages, meets the charge requirement in all different conditions furthest, and benefits for prolonging the service life of lead-acid battery. The pulse charge-discharge circuit of present invention realizes discharge energy circumfluence by capacitance serial-parallel conversion, uses high inductance converting steep wave pulse to ladder-type pulse, comparing to traditional pulse charge-discharge circuit using big resistance charge and discharge, reduces the energy loss and loss of rapid pulse to lead-acid battery electrode slices.

A process for recovering lead oxides from the spent paste of exhausted lead acid batteries. The process provides heating the spent paste with an alkali hydroxide solution at elevated temperatures prior to calcinations. Calcination is at various temperatures so that either lead mono-oxide, lead dioxide or red lead is obtained as the principal product. There is also provided the use of the lead oxide to prepare the paste for positive and negative electrodes or other lead compounds.

The invention provides a method for producing lead oxide by recovering waste lead-acid batteries based on an atom economy way and belongs to the field of chemical industry for clearing and recovering waste lead-acid batteries. The method comprises the steps of: heating lead paste and lead powder of the lead-acid batteries, and then carrying out solid phase mixing reaction, sodium hydroxide alkaline desulfurization and sodium hydroxide leaching to directly obtain a lead-bearing alkaline solution and filter residue; and carrying out purification and cooling crystallization on the solution so as to obtain high-purity lead oxide and a by-product sodium sulfate so as to eliminate the defect that a large quantity of chemical raw materials are required to be consumed in a conventional synthesis process of the lead oxide so that the method is a clean and energy-saving new technology and has a large-scale industrial application prospect.

The invention discloses a lead-acid battery. The lead-acid battery comprises a positive pole plate and a negative pole plate which are prepared by coating positive pole plate lead plaster and negative pole plate lead plaster on a positive pole plate grid and a negative pole plate grid respectively, and performing curing and formation processes; the positive pole plate grid is casted by the following Pb-Ca-Sn-Al alloy materials in percentage by weight: 1.45 to 1.55 percent of Sn, 0.06 to 0.08 percent of Ca, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Al, and the balance of Pb and inevitable impurities; and the negative pole plate grid is casted by the following Pb-Ca-Sn-Al alloy materials in percentage by weight: 0.25 to 0.35 percent of Sn, 0.07 to 0.09 percent of Ca, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Al, and the balance of Pb and inevitable impurities. The lead-acid battery is particularly suitable to be used as the power supply of a road electric vehicle.