82 results about "Acid electrolyte" patented technology

The invention relates to a corrosive agent and a corrosion method for displaying a 32CrNi3MoVE crystal boundary of alloy steel, which are characterized in that a common chemical product is used as an electrolytic corrosive agent after being simply proportioned, and the 32CrNi3MoVE steel quenched and tempered state original austenite crystal boundary is clearly displayed by a proper corrosion method. Chemical reagents used by the corrosive are economical and applicable, the corrosive is composed of alum, oxalic acid, dishwashing liquid, distilled water and the like which are existing in a laboratory, the proportioning of the corrosive is the key, the electrolytic corrosion method is simple to operate, alum can effectively display the grain boundary, oxalic acid provides a weak acid environment for oxidation reduction, and the corrosion effect is good. The dishwashing liquid slows down the corrosion rate of weak acid electrolyte to a metallographic specimen, weakens structure display, and improves the definition of crystal boundary display. The corroded sample is lightly polished in a polishing machine, and the corrosive agent ratio and the electrolytic corrosion method are combined to form an efficient novel corrosion method. The traditional corrosive agent capable of completely replacing saturated picric acid and a proper amount of detergent and the corrosion method effectively solve the problem of 32CrNi 3MoVE steel quenched and tempered state original austenite grain boundary display.

The invention discloses an efficient CO2 electroreduction method and device for anode and cathode acid electrolyte connected in series, and the method comprises the following steps: pumping an acid electrolyte into an anode chamber, and enabling the acid electrolyte to react on the surface of an anode electrode to obtain an acid electrolyte containing dissolved oxygen; an acidic electrolyte containing dissolved oxygen is introduced into the cathode chamber, and the dissolved oxygen generates an OOH * intermediate at the cathode electrode; cO2 is introduced into the surface of the catalyst layer of the cathode gas diffusion electrode, the OOH * intermediate can reduce the energy barrier of CO2 molecule activation, and a stable * COOH intermediate and a stable * OCHO intermediate are obtained; and a * OCHO intermediate, the * OCHO intermediate continuing to be electrically reduced to form a product. The acidic electrolyte is introduced from the anode side, the coupling anode OER is driven by the acidic electrolyte from the anode side to the cathode side, the proton concentration on the two sides is effectively balanced, and continuous and stable operation of CO2 electroreduction is facilitated; the dissolved oxygen generated by the anode OER can participate in CO2 electroreduction, and the dissolved oxygen in the electrolyte is beneficial to adjusting the oxidation state of the catalyst in the CO2 electroreduction process, so that an efficient catalytic environment is maintained; meanwhile, the OOH * intermediate can reduce the energy barrier of CO2 molecule activation and stabilize the intermediate of the ECO2R product, so that the conversion efficiency of CO2 electroreduction is improved, and the efficient ECO2R process is realized.

Disclosed in the present application are a catalyst, and a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. By using a chromium-manganese co-doped ruthenium-based catalyst, in cooperation with a coordination dispersion effect of a chelating agent structure, the catalyst provided in the present application effectively inhibits sintering agglomeration of chromium, manganese and ruthenium components, and the prepared catalyst has better uniformity. Chromium and manganese regulate and control a d electron center of a ruthenium active site at the same time and serve as a high-corrosion resistance protective layer, such that when an OER reaction is carried out under a strong-acidity electrolyte system, the catalyst can effectively maintain high-activity characteristics thereof, long-cycle stable operation is achieved, and the use cycle can reach 2000 hours. The catalyst serving as a high-performance acidic oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst can be used for stably and efficiently carrying out an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an acidic electrolyte environment, and can be used as an anode material for water electrolysis hydrogen production in a proton conduction polymer electrolysis hydrogen production electrolytic tank, thereby solving the problems of few types, low performance and a short service life of existing acidic oxygen evolution catalysts.

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube coated with platinum-ruthenium alloy, and is characterized in that the nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube of which the tube wall is coated with PtRu alloy nanoparticles is prepared by using a chemical vapor deposition process assisted by an anodic aluminum oxide template and subsequent ammonia gas annealing; although the contents of Pt and Ru are respectively as low as 0.8 wt% and 4.2 wt%, the combined action of Pt, Ru and N doping enables the platinum-ruthenium-nitrogen doped carbon nanotube composite material to have excellent HER electrocatalytic activity in alkaline, acidic and neutral electrolytes, and the HER activity of the composite material in the alkaline and acidic electrolytes exceeds that of a commercial Pt / C catalyst; besides, after the platinum-ruthenium-nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube composite material is used as a cathode electrocatalyst to assemble an anion exchange membrane electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell provides low voltage of 1.78 V under the industrial grade current density of 1Acm <-2 >, and the electrolytic cell has good durability; therefore, the invention provides a new opportunity for designing and synthesizing a high-performance pH universal HER electrocatalyst.

The application discloses a preparation method and application of a zirconium dioxide loaded iridium oxide nanocluster oxygen evolution electrocatalyst. A mixed solution of zirconium salt, amide solvent and organic acid is prepared, and the mixed solution is kept at 120 DEG C for 24 hours; after cooling, the white product is separated, washed and dried. Then, the product and iridium salt are dispersed in a mixed solution of tetrahydrofuran and water, and sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate aqueous solution are added under stirring; after stirring, rotary evaporation is carried out at 60 DEG C, and the greenish powder obtained after drying is vacuum dried at 60 DEG C for 12 hours; the greenish powder is kept in a muffle furnace at 450 DEG C for 30 minutes, and then cooled in air; the greenish powder is washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for multiple times, and finally vacuum dried at 60 DEG C for 12 hours. The zirconium dioxide loaded iridium oxide material based on oxygen overflow stable tetragonal zirconia can be specially applied to an electrocatalyst for an oxygen evolution reaction in an acidic electrolyte, has excellent oxygen evolution reaction activity, follows a lattice oxygen mechanism in the reaction process, and can realize an oxygen overflow effect from tetragonal zirconia to iridium oxide nanoclusters to stabilize the catalyst.

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a metal-water battery system capable of storing energy and asynchronously producing hydrogen and oxygen, the metal-water battery system comprises a bifunctional catalyst, an iron deposition / dissolution electrode and an acidic electrolyte, and the metal-water battery system is prepared by the following specific steps: S1, stainless steel such as 304 or 316 is subjected to molten salt electrolysis modification to prepare the bifunctional catalyst, and the bifunctional catalyst has OER and HER catalytic activity; s2, taking the modified stainless steel catalyst as a first anode, taking inert electrodes such as a copper sheet or a titanium sheet as a first cathode, and forming a first electrolysis system with an acidic ferrous sulfate solution; and S3, electrolysis is conducted through the first electrolysis system, oxygen evolution reaction is conducted on the first anode, and metal iron is deposited on the first cathode. According to the metal-water battery system considering energy storage and asynchronous production of hydrogen and oxygen, time-space separation of deposition / dissolution of iron and hydrogen-oxygen precipitation is regulated and controlled through the bifunctional catalyst, and safe energy storage and step-by-step production of hydrogen energy / oxygen are achieved; the method is suitable for renewable energy storage, hydrogen energy preparation and distributed energy supply scenes.

The invention relates to a method for producing a peelable composite copper foil, comprising:-providing a carrier foil; depositing a release layer comprising a ternary alloy of nickel, molybdenum and tungsten on the carrier foil using an acidic electrolyte comprising nickel, molybdenum and tungsten, said release layer being an amorphous layer; washing the exposed side of the release layer on the carrier foil with a washing solution having a pH of 2.5-4.5; and electroplating an ultra-thin copper foil on the release layer. The present invention also relates to the obtained composite copper foil comprising a carrier foil, a release layer, and an ultrathin copper foil in this order, in which the release layer comprises a ternary alloy of nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten formed as an amorphous layer, and in which the release layer has a peel strength of 30-120 N / m after lamination at 170 DEG C for 1 hour.

The invention belongs to the technical field of aqueous zinc ion batteries, and particularly relates to an acidic corrosion-resistant gel electrolyte as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing an acidic polymerizable monomer, a reinforcing component, a cross-linking agent and a photoinitiator in water to obtain a precursor solution, removing dissolved oxygen in the precursor solution, initiating cross-linking polymerization by adopting ultraviolet light to form precursor gel, and soaking the precursor gel in an electrolyte solution to obtain the acidic corrosion-resistant gel electrolyte. And the electrolyte solution is prepared by mixing soluble zinc salt and an additive in water. The acidic corrosion-resistant gel electrolyte prepared by the method improves the corrosion of the acidic electrolyte to the metal anode, so that the aqueous zinc ion battery matched with the metal anode shows excellent cycling stability and extremely high ionic conductivity, and the prepared total battery has excellent cycling stability and capacity retention ratio under high load.

The invention discloses a method for improving the current efficiency of electrolyzing acidic etching waste liquid, which comprises the following steps of: A, electrifying an electrolytic tank for electrolysis, and starting a circulating pump, so that acidic electrolyte in the electrolytic tank circularly flows between the electrolytic tank and a reaction tank in sequence; b, the ORP value of the acidic electrolyte at the outlet of the reaction tank is detected, and the flow speed of the acidic electrolyte is adjusted through a circulating pump, so that the ORP value reaches a cuprous supplementing preset value; c, the specific gravity of the acid electrolyte in the electrolytic tank is detected, and when the specific gravity of the acid electrolyte is lower than a copper supplementing preset value, the acid etching waste liquid in the etching waste liquid storage tank is conveyed to the electrolytic tank; and D, obtaining the metal copper plate on the cathode plate. According to the scheme, when Cu < + > produced in the reaction tank returns to the electrolytic bath, the content of Cu < + > in the electrolyte can be increased, so that the copper corrosion performance of the electrolyte is reduced, and corrosion of the electrolyte to a negative electrode copper plate is reduced. As the recovery value of the scrap copper is lower than that of the copper plate, the scrap copper can be converted into the copper plate with higher recovery value through the circulation of the electrolyte.

The invention discloses a two-step water electrolysis hydrogen production device based on a three-electrode system and a hydrogen production method, and belongs to the technical field of water electrolysis, the two-step water electrolysis hydrogen production device comprises an oxygen evolution catalytic electrode, a hydrogen evolution catalytic electrode and a quinone polymer electrode HMND, the HMND is reduced in an acidic electrolyte to form a negatively charged intermediate, and the negatively charged intermediate and hydrogen ions are subjected to a coordination reaction to form HMND-2H; hydrogen ions are subjected to electrochemical reduction at the cathode oxygen evolution catalytic electrode to generate hydrogen, the HMND-2H electrode is subjected to electrochemical oxidation to form an HMND electrode, and electrons flow to the hydrogen evolution catalytic electrode from the HMND-2H electrode through an external circuit; the HMND electrode is electrochemically reduced into an HMND-2H electrode, water molecules are electrochemically oxidized into oxygen on the surface of the oxygen evolution catalytic electrode, and electrons flow to the HMND electrode from the oxygen evolution catalytic electrode through an external circuit; the hydrogen production process and the oxygen production process of the acidic electrolyzed water are carried out step by step, a diaphragm is not needed, and the method is low in toxicity, low in cost and environment-friendly.

The invention discloses a multi-metal Ru-based electrocatalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of electrocatalysis. Carbon black is used as a carrier, Ni, Co and Ru are loaded on the carbon black, and the stability of RuO2 is greatly improved through simultaneous introduction of Ni and Co. Carbon black is removed through H2 / Ar atmosphere reduction and air heat treatment, so that the catalyst is granulated, the catalytic performance of the catalyst is improved, unstable Ni and Co are removed through acid treatment, and the final NiCo-RuO2 catalyst is obtained. The performance of the acidic OER is greatly improved through heat treatment and acid pickling in the air. The NiCo-RuO2 catalyst shows remarkable performance in the aspect of promoting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under the acidic condition, has high activity and high stability, and becomes an electrocatalyst which has a promising prospect and can replace iridium to be used in acidic electrolyte.

The application relates to a preparation method of a platinum-based alloy rare earth metal oxide fuel cell anode catalyst, and relates to a preparation method of a platinum-based alloy oxide fuel cell catalyst, which aims to solve the technical problems of low catalytic activity and easy carbon monoxide poisoning of the existing methanol fuel cell anode catalyst. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a CeO2 catalyst carrier material by using a hydrothermal synthesis method; then mixing a corresponding Pt, Sn and Cu precursor solution used for preparing a PtSnCu alloy with the CeO2 catalyst carrier material to perform oil bath heating reaction; and finally, separating, washing and drying to obtain the catalyst PtSnCu / CeO2. The initial capacity of the catalyst in an acid electrolyte is 1010.5-1163.3 mA mg Pt ‑1 , and the capacity after 500 cycles is 680.65-820.4 mA mg Pt ‑1 , the retention rate is 67.4%-70.5%, and the catalyst can be used in the field of methanol fuel cells.

The invention provides a method for applying a low-concentration mixed acid electrolyte to electrochemical etching of a commercial alloy electrode, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemistry. In-situ surface etching is carried out on commercial alloy through mixed acid electrolyte, a surface micro-nano structure is formed, the surface area and the electrochemical active area of the commercial alloy are remarkably increased, and the method comprises the following steps that firstly, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid are mixed according to a specific combination and proportion, and a low-concentration mixed acid solution is obtained; and 2, using a double-cathode strategy in an electrolytic bath, fixing the pretreated commercial alloy in the electrolytic bath as an anode and electrodes on two sides as cathodes, adding the mixed acid electrolyte in the step 1 for electrochemical etching, taking out after the reaction is completed, cleaning, and carrying out vacuum drying. According to the method, the surface area and the electrochemical active area of the commercial alloy can be remarkably increased, a specific surface micro-nano structure is formed according to different commercial alloy types and etching parameters, and the method is suitable for hydrogen production application of alkaline electrolyzed water and electrolyzed seawater.

An improved advanced hydrogen fuel cell system is described in which the anode cell includes an acidic electrolyte and the cathode cell includes an alkaline electrolyte, operation of improved advanced hydrogen fuel cell system yields an increase in the generation of fuel cell voltage in comparison to known hydrogen fuel cell. In addition, the improved advanced hydrogen fuel cell system is compatible with water electrolysis processes, in particular unipolar electrolysis of water that further increases the energy output of the system and efficiency.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of hollow silicon dioxide microspheres and a photonic crystal film. A cationic polymer is used as a template; a weak acid electrolyte and a weak base exist in the reaction system, and the pH value of the reaction system is controlled to be 8.0-9.5; in the reaction system, a silicon source precursor is subjected to a hydrolytic condensation reaction on the surface of the template, and a core-shell structure of a silicon dioxide coated polymer is formed through dual effects of charge shielding and hydrogen bond crosslinking of a weak acid electrolyte; a solvent is adopted to dissolve the polymer in the core-shell structure to obtain the hollow silicon dioxide microspheres, and the hollow silicon dioxide microspheres are low in porosity, high in compactness and good in mechanical property and have good application prospects in the technical fields of drug controlled release, photonic crystals or catalytic carriers and the like.

The invention discloses an electrocatalytic oxygen reduction material as well as preparation and application thereof. According to the invention, by introducing a synergistic effect between Fe clusters and Fe-Co diatomic sites, the oxygen reduction reaction activity in the acidic electrolyte is remarkably improved, the half-wave potential (E1 / 2) of the acidic electrolyte in 0.1 M HClO4 reaches 0.835 VRHE, and after 10000 circles of accelerated cyclic voltammetry tests (0.6-1.0 V vs.RHE), the half-wave potential attenuation is less than 5 mV. The peak power density reaches 452 mW cm <-2 > under the condition of hydrogen-air (2 bar back pressure), and the peak power density is increased to 1.0 W cm <-2 > under the condition of hydrogen-oxygen (2 bar back pressure).

The utility model relates to the technical field of electrolytic copper foil, in particular to a protective device for electrolytic copper foil production, which comprises a protective cover, the protective cover is arranged on the upper portion of an electrolytic bath and used for protecting a cathode roller after the electrolytic copper foil is stripped, and the protective cover comprises a side end protective baffle and an upper end protective baffle which are connected. An acid liquid spraying pipe is arranged in the protective cover, the acid liquid spraying pipe is communicated with an acid electrolyte feeding pipe, the acid liquid spraying pipe is horizontally or obliquely arranged, at least one spraying hole is formed in the pipe wall of the acid liquid spraying pipe, and the spraying hole is formed in the upward pipe wall of the acid liquid spraying pipe. The cathode roller can prevent dust and other foreign objects from being in contact with the roller surface of the cathode roller, can control acid mist drifting to a certain degree, can shorten the contact time of the roller surface of the cathode roller and air, delays oxidation of the roller surface of the cathode roller, and reduces the appearance quality problem of copper foil caused by oxidation of the roller surface of the cathode roller.

An improved advanced hydrogen fuel cell system is described in which the anode chamber comprises an acidic electrolyte and the cathode chamber comprises an alkaline electrolyte, the operation of the improved advanced hydrogen fuel cell system being such that the resulting fuel cell voltage is increased compared to known hydrogen fuel cells. Furthermore, the improved advanced hydrogen fuel cell system is compatible with a water electrolysis process, particularly unipolar electrolyzed water, further increasing the energy output and efficiency of the system.

The application belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage and provides an electrolyte, a preparation method and a full vanadium redox flow battery. The electrolyte comprises an acidic electrolyte, vanadyl sulfate, an additive and water, the additive is 5-amino-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 3-aminobenzenesulfonic acid or 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid, the concentration of the acidic electrolyte in the electrolyte is 3.0-3.5 mol / L, the concentration of the vanadyl sulfate is 1.7-2.0 mol / L, and the concentration of the additive is 0.05-0.25 mol / L. The electrolyte can improve the high-temperature stability of VO2 + under the premise of ensuring good electrochemical performance.

The invention discloses an aluminum-sulfur battery electrolyte for promoting high-valence oxidation of sulfur. The aluminum-sulfur battery electrolyte comprises Lewis acidic electrolyte salt; an organic ligand, wherein the organic ligand and the Lewis acidic electrolyte salt form a room temperature ionic liquid or an ionic-like liquid; a chloride ion concentration regulating agent; the chloride ion concentration regulating agent is used for promoting elemental sulfur of the positive electrode of the battery to be subjected to electrochemical oxidation in the charging process of the aluminum-sulfur secondary battery so as to generate a sulfur oxidation product with the valence state of + 2. Meanwhile, the invention provides the aluminum-sulfur battery, high-valence electrochemical oxidation of the positive sulfur element in the charging process is remarkably promoted, and the specific discharge capacity is greatly improved, so that the aluminum-sulfur battery with high energy density is constructed.

The application discloses a platinum-nickel loaded molybdenum carbide / molybdenum dioxide nanocomposite material, a preparation method and application. The application first uses a metal molybdenum salt and a complexing agent as raw materials to prepare a Mo2C / MoO2 base material containing a heterojunction, then loads PtNi on the Mo2C / MoO2 base material to prepare the platinum-nickel loaded molybdenum carbide / molybdenum dioxide nanocomposite material. The MoO2 / Mo2C nanomaterial carrier well anchors the PtNi alloy, further improves the catalytic stability of the material, and the electronic coupling and interface synergistic effect provided by the heterojunction can enhance the reactivity of the active sites, so as to maximize the catalytic performance of the material, and further reduce the hydrogen production application cost under an acid condition. Experimental results show that the platinum-nickel loaded molybdenum carbide / molybdenum dioxide nanocomposite material has the advantages of high catalytic activity, excellent stability and the like as a hydrogen production electrocatalyst of an acid electrolyte, and therefore has a wide application prospect.

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide electro-catalytic conversion, in particular to a carbon dioxide electrolytic tank for acidic electrolyte. The electrolytic tank comprises an epoxy resin glass fiber plate a, a cathode collector plate, a gas flow field plate, a silicone rubber gasket a, a cathode electrode, a cathode electrolyte plate, a silicone rubber gasket b, a proton exchange membrane, a silicone rubber gasket c, an anode electrolyte plate, a silicone rubber gasket d, an anode electrode, an anode collector plate and an epoxy resin glass fiber plate b which are arranged in sequence. According to the carbon dioxide electrolytic tank, the diffusion and reaction rate of carbon dioxide gas is increased through the gas flow field plate with the snake-shaped flow field, diffusion of carbon dioxide is promoted, carbonate deposition caused by local alkalinity on the electrodes is avoided, and electrolysis of carbon dioxide in high-concentration acidic electrolyte is achieved.

This invention discloses a bismuth-containing mixed-acid vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte, its preparation method, and its application. The desired modified battery electrolyte is obtained by adding a bismuth-containing additive to the mixed-acid vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte and then electrolyzing it. The concentration of the bismuth-containing additive in the modified battery electrolyte is 0.01 mol / L – 0.1 mol / L. The bismuth-containing additive is one or more of bismuth sulfate, bismuth formate, bismuth citrate, and bismuth tartrate, mixed in any proportion. The bismuth-containing mixed-acid vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte obtained by this invention can be used simultaneously in both the positive and negative electrode electrolytes, maintaining homogeneity between the two electrolyte systems and enabling rapid capacity recovery. Simultaneously, the mixed-acid electrolyte exhibits a triple synergistic effect of inhibiting chloride in the positive electrode, catalyzing in the negative electrode, and stabilizing vanadium ions at high temperatures, significantly improving the redox reaction kinetics and electrochemical reversibility during battery cycling, thereby achieving long-term stable battery operation.

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength aluminum alloy decorative plate and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy decorative plate comprises the following steps that an aluminum alloy base plate is immersed in a mixed acid electrolyte to be subjected to anodic oxidation treatment, and an anodic oxidation aluminum alloy plate is obtained; the anodized aluminum alloy plate is soaked in the hole sealing liquid, and the aluminum alloy decorative plate is obtained after drying; the mixed acid electrolyte is composed of lanthanum carbide, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and water. The aluminum alloy decorative plate prepared by the invention has excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

The invention relates to the technical field of battery energy storage, and discloses an aqueous hydrogen solid secondary battery with long cycle life and application thereof, the battery comprises 50-60% by mass of a hydrogen modified ferrovanadium cyanide composite positive electrode, 10-15% by mass of a platinum carbon negative electrode and 25-40% by mass of a solid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte is composed of an acidic electrolyte and clay in a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5): (1-5), the acidic electrolyte is phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid with the volume concentration of 10%-85%, the clay is selected from two or three of magnesium-based silicate, bentonite and kaolin, and the preparation method of the solid electrolyte comprises the following steps: synthesizing a hydrogen-modified ferrovanadium cyanide / carbon nanotube composite positive electrode material by a solution method; preparing a platinum-carbon catalyst into a negative pole piece; carrying out ball milling on clay and an acidic electrolyte to prepare a solid electrolyte premix, and carrying out film pressing molding; finally, an all-solid-state battery structure with the positive electrode, the solid electrolyte and the negative electrode laminated is assembled in the inert atmosphere, and the battery prepared through the method has the advantages of being long in cycle life and high in safety and is suitable for the field of large-scale energy storage.

The invention relates to an assembly for a fuel cell or electrolytic cell having an acidic, alkaline, solid oxide or molten salt electrolyte, equipped with an anti-corrosion coating, and to such a fuel cell or electrolytic cell having an acidic electrolyte, said assembly comprising a non-conductive substrate (31), and an anti-corrosion coating (32) deposited on at least one surface of the substrate (31), the anti-corrosion coating (32) comprising at least one main layer based on tantalum nitride doped with one or more doping elements selected from the group of transition metals and / or lanthanide series elements.

This invention relates to the field of electrochromic functional thin film preparation technology, and particularly to a Prussian blue / polyaniline composite electrochromic thin film, its preparation method, and its applications. The invention employs a constant current method to deposit a Prussian blue underlayer on the surface of a transparent conductive substrate; the obtained Prussian blue underlayer is pre-activated in a potassium-containing electrolyte; subsequently, a polyaniline surface layer is deposited in a polymerization solution containing aniline monomers and an acidic electrolyte using a segmented constant potential method; and finally, a post-conditioning treatment is performed to obtain the Prussian blue / polyaniline composite electrochromic thin film. By introducing a pre-activation step, a segmented deposition step, and a post-conditioning step, this invention improves the interfacial bonding, ion transport, and surface uniformity of the composite film, reducing agglomeration and scattering losses caused by continuous overgrowth of polyaniline. This results in a composite film with fast response, high transmittance adjustment capability, and good cycling stability, making it suitable for electrochromic display devices, smart windows, and transmittance-adjustable optical devices.

The invention relates to the field of electrochemistry, in particular to a preparation method of a platinum electrode with controllable morphology. Comprising the following steps: taking a conductive substrate, making the conductive substrate into a long strip shape, then carrying out surface cleaning and drying, and then carrying out packaging to obtain a pretreated conductive substrate; a platinum electrode is dissolved in an acidic electrolyte solution through cyclic voltammetry, and a platinum-containing electrolyte is prepared; taking the pretreated conductive substrate as a working electrode, a platinum metal electrode as a counter electrode and an Ag / AgCl electrode as a reference electrode, putting the working electrode, the platinum metal electrode and the Ag / AgCl electrode into a platinum-containing electrolyte, and preparing the shape-controllable platinum electrode by adopting a cyclic voltammetry method. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate and mild in reaction condition, and controllable preparation can be realized only by immersing the anode, the cathode and the reference electrode into the electrolyte and selecting proper cyclic voltammetry parameters.

The invention belongs to the field of electrochemical sensors, and relates to an electrochemical oxygen sensor which comprises a working electrode, a counter electrode and an electrolyte, the counter electrode comprises a substrate and a slurry layer, the substrate adopts a polytetrafluoroethylene film, and the slurry layer comprises a metal catalyst, nano hollow carbon spheres and a hydrophobic polymer material; and the electrolyte is an acidic electrolyte with the concentration of 0.01 wt%-5 wt%. In addition, the invention further relates to a manufacturing method of the oxygen sensor counter electrode. In the embodiment of the invention, the nano hollow carbon spheres and the hydrophobic polymer material are added into the material of the counter electrode of the oxygen sensor, so that the adsorption rate of O2 on the surface of the counter electrode is improved, the retention time of O2 bubbles is prolonged, and the selectivity of 2e-WOR and the generation rate of H2O2 in a water oxidation reaction on the surface of the counter electrode are greatly improved; the electrochemical sensor with the design can work under weak acid electrolyte, and the defect that an existing oxygen pump type oxygen sensor adopts strong acid electrolyte is overcome.

A method of acid mist suppression in copper electrowinning is described. In various embodiments, at least one liquid licorice root extract, powdered licorice root extract, or reconstituted licorice extract is added in an amount sufficient to the acidic electrolyte solution of the copper electrowinning process to suppress acid mist from the acidic electrolyte solution during the copper electrowinning process. In various embodiments, combinations of licorice extract and surfactant show synergies in acid mist suppression during copper electrowinning.