124 results about "Lattice oxygen" patented technology

The invention discloses a La2O3-ZnO-NiO / ZrO2 oxygen carrier as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ammonia decomposition. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps: 1) synthesis of a ZrO2 carrier: adding NH3.H2O into a zirconyl nitrate solution to induce precipitation; 2) preparation of La2O3 / ZrO2: adding lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate and urea to obtain a precipitate, drying the precipitate, and finally calcining the precipitate; 3) preparation of La2O3-ZnO / ZrO2: adding zinc nitrate hexahydrate and urea, standing to obtain a precipitate, drying and calcining; and 4) preparation of La2O3-ZnO-NiO / ZrO2: adding NH3.H2O, then adding nickel acetate and thiourea, reacting, drying, and calcining twice to obtain the target product. Lattice oxygen in the oxygen carrier is used for catalytic oxidation of ammonia decomposition, the oxygen carrier can be recycled for multiple times, and the method is suitable for industrial application in the future.

The present invention provides a cathode material, a preparation method thereof and an application. The chemical formula of the cathode material is xLi2MnO3·(1−x−y)LiNi a T M(1‑a) O2·yLiMn b A (1‑b) PO4, wherein 0 < x < 1, 0 < y < 1, 0 ≤ a ≤ 1, 0.5 ≤ b ≤ 1, T M and A each independently include a metal element; the cathode material can form a continuous phase transition, has a supercrystalline domain structure and a stable layered structure, can stabilize lattice oxygen, reduce voltage drop, and thus can significantly improve the cycling performance of the battery at high voltages.

The invention provides a low-entropy high-nickel positive electrode material, a lithium ion battery and a preparation method. The low-entropy high-nickel positive electrode material is doped with one or more metal elements with multiple valence states, and the configuration entropy modification value of the low-entropy high-nickel positive electrode material is delta Sconfigure; 0.2 R, the chemical general formula is LiNi Co Mn < c > X (1-a-b-c) O < 2 >, and X is a metal cation. According to the invention, through the configuration entropy of the multi-valence metal element doped modified material, the performance of the positive electrode material has the ultrahigh specific capacity and good cycle performance of an unmodified material, and the configuration entropy modification range (delta Sconult; 0.2 R), the oxygen release of lattice oxygen is inhibited, and the structural stability of the material is improved.

The invention discloses a doped lithium-rich manganese oxide positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, the chemical general formula of the doped lithium-rich manganese oxide positive electrode material is LiaMnbM (1-b) RExO2 + b, a is more than or equal to 1.0 and less than or equal to 2.5, 0.2 lt; b is less than or equal to 1, 0.0001 lt; xlt; m is one or more of Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Cr, Fe, Al, Nb and Ru, and RE is at least one of Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Lu. According to the positive electrode material, lattice oxygen in a lithium-rich manganese material is stabilized by introducing rare earth cations, so that the crystal structure stability of the material is improved, and the compatibility of high energy density and long cycle life of the lithium-rich manganese oxide positive electrode material is realized.

The invention relates to a surface-doped layered battery positive electrode material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of sodium-ion battery materials. According to the method, a surface layered in-situ reconstruction layer with matched crystal lattices is constructed in an aprotic solvent under the assistance of a complexing agent, so that the surface modification of the positive electrode material is realized. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, preparing a layered sodium ion oxide Na < 1-x > TMO2 through solid-phase sintering, sol-gel or a coprecipitation method; then placing the positive electrode material in an aprotic solvent solution containing a metal salt, and carrying out surface ion exchange and reconstruction through microwave, heating, stirring or ultrasonic treatment and the like; and finally, filtering, washing and annealing the reacted mixture. The cycling stability, the ion mobility and the air stability of the material are remarkably improved through surface doping, the irreversible reaction and the interface side reaction of lattice oxygen are effectively inhibited, and meanwhile the high energy density of the material is kept. The method has the advantages of simple process, low cost and easiness in large-scale production, and is suitable for surface modification of the sodium-ion battery positive electrode material.

The invention discloses a samarium manganese mullite catalyst rich in Sm vacancy and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of VOCs waste gas catalytic oxidation. According to the invention, samarium nitrate and manganous nitrate are used as precursors, citric acid monohydrate is used as a chelating agent, urea is used as an additive, and the samarium manganese mullite catalyst rich in Sm vacancies is synthesized through a sol-gel method. The Sm vacancy samarium manganese mullite catalyst prepared by the invention shows excellent toluene catalytic oxidation low-temperature activity due to selective removal of inert Sm atoms on the surface of samarium manganese mullite, more active Mn atoms are exposed, and the surface lattice oxygen migration performance is enhanced. The catalyst has excellent performance in a stability test and a water vapor resistance test, and has a wide industrial application prospect.

The invention relates to a formaldehyde catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, and the application comprises the following steps: connecting the formaldehyde catalyst with a power supply, introducing current, and carrying out an electrothermal formaldehyde oxidation reaction; the temperature of the electrothermal oxidation formaldehyde reaction is 50-110 DEG C. The oxygen for oxidizing HCHO under the electric heating condition mainly comes from active oxygen and lattice oxygen on the surface of the catalyst. In the electric heating mode, migration of lattice oxygen is enhanced through the electronic effect, and therefore HCHO oxidation is promoted. Local heating of a catalyst system is achieved by means of high energy efficiency of resistance Joule heat, meanwhile, current acts on a catalyst and reactants through the generated electron effect, activation of the reactants and generation of active oxygen are achieved, HCHO is completely removed near the normal temperature, a practical technology for indoor formaldehyde purification is achieved, the tail gas temperature is lower, and the service life is longer. And the method has practical significance.

The invention relates to a lithium ion battery positive electrode material regeneration method based on the synergistic effect of Nb < 5 + > / Ta < 5 + > / Mo < 6 + > doping and molten salt reconstruction, and belongs to the technical field of lithium battery material recovery and regeneration, a high-temperature molten salt system represented by LiOH-NaCl / Na2SO4 is adopted, NbCl5 / TaCl5 / MoCl6 is introduced as a dopant, and synchronous implementation of structure repair and Nb < 5 + > / Ta < 5 + > / Mo < 6 + > doping is realized in the lithium supplement reconstruction process, so that the lithium supplement reconstruction process is simplified, and the lithium ion battery positive electrode material regeneration method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Meanwhile, various structural defects such as lithium vacancies, cation mixing, lattice oxygen loss and particle cracks in the retired high-nickel positive electrode material are repaired, doped elements enter lattices at high temperature to form high-bond-energy O-TM bonds, surface lattice oxygen can be effectively anchored, oxygen vacancy generation and oxygen separation are inhibited, and the service life of the positive electrode material is prolonged. Therefore, the structural stability of the regenerative positive electrode under high voltage is remarkably improved. Meanwhile, a lithium ion diffusion channel is widened by doping Nb < 5 + > / Ta < 5 + > / Mo < 6 + >, the material has more excellent rate capability and long cycle stability in combination with a grain boundary elimination effect brought by crystal reconstruction, and the material has wide adaptability and good industrial popularization prospects.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a layered positive electrode material with a self-sodium pre-modification function. The chemical general formula of the layered positive electrode material is Na < x > [Li < y > A < z > M < w > Mn < 1-y-z-w >] O < 2 >, wherein A is a vacancy, M is a transition metal element, x is 0.5-1, y is less than or equal to 0.2, z is less than or equal to 0.1, and w is less than or equal to 0.3; li, M and Mn respectively form transition metal oxide octahedrons with O, a plurality of transition metal oxide octahedrons are arranged in a common edge manner to form a transition metal layer, and unoccupied vacancies A exist in the transition metal layer; na and O form a sodium oxide octahedron, and the sodium oxide octahedron is located between every two transition metal layers. By designing the chemical general formula of the layered positive electrode material, material lattice regulation and control can be realized, so that irreversible lattice oxygen capacity is activated to provide compensation capacity, spontaneous sodium supplementation can be realized without an additional sodium pre-modification step, and the material has good air stability, rate capability and cycle stability.

The invention provides a positive electrode precursor, a preparation method of the positive electrode precursor, a positive electrode material and a preparation process of the positive electrode material. The positive electrode precursor comprises a phosphorus-doped seed crystal, a phosphorus-doped layer coated outside the phosphorus-doped seed crystal, and a zirconium-rich shell layer coated outside the phosphorus-doped layer, and the mass fraction of doped phosphorus in the phosphorus-doped seed crystal is greater than the mass fraction of doped phosphorus in the phosphorus-doped layer. In the positive electrode precursor provided by the invention, due to introduction of gradient concentration doping of phosphorus, separation of lattice oxygen and mixed arrangement of cations are inhibited, the structural stability of the positive electrode material is enhanced, and the risk that the positive electrode material generates microcracks in the circulation process is reduced; in addition, due to the coating of the zirconium-rich shell layer, not only is the residual alkali reduced, but also the corrosion resistance and the stability of the positive electrode precursor are improved; therefore, the battery prepared from the positive electrode precursor provided by the invention shows relatively high first charge-discharge efficiency and rate capability and excellent cycle stability.

The invention provides a preparation method of an anti-carbon deposition high-stability organic liquid hydrogen storage material hydrogenation catalyst, and the hydrogenation catalyst is obtained by loading an active metal Ni and a rare earth metal oxide auxiliary agent on a carrier through a coprecipitation method. According to the hydrogenation catalyst prepared by the invention, the adsorption capacity of the catalyst and the dispersity of active metal components are enhanced by utilizing the carrier with high specific surface area, and the catalytic performance is effectively improved; meanwhile, the introduction of the rare earth metal oxide modifier optimizes the reaction path, the formation of carbon deposition is effectively inhibited by forming oxygen vacancies and improving the lattice oxygen migration rate, and the carbon deposition resistance and the cycle stability of the catalyst are remarkably enhanced. The preparation method of the hydrogenation catalyst provided by the invention is mild in process and simple in required equipment, and can be used for large-scale production. Besides, the catalyst still has relatively high activity, stability and cycle performance without using noble metal, has good economic benefits and also has wide popularization and application prospects.

The invention relates to the field of lithium cobalt oxide precursor materials, and provides a coated aluminum-doped cobaltosic oxide material and a preparation method and application thereof.The coated aluminum-doped cobaltosic oxide material comprises an inner core and a coating layer coating the inner core, the inner core comprises aluminum-doped cobaltosic oxide, the coating layer comprises an oxide containing metal ions, and the metal ions are doped in the coating layer. The metal ions comprise divalent metal ions and metal ions with the valence state larger than or equal to 3. The core of the coated aluminum-doped cobaltosic oxide material provided by the invention is aluminum-doped cobaltosic oxide, so that the capacitance of the positive electrode material is improved; divalent metal ions contained in the coating layer are doped in Li ion sites to play a role similar to supporting columns, and the supporting structure is stable; metal ions with the valence state larger than or equal to 3 are doped in Co ion sites, the lattice distortion relieving effect is achieved, the structural stability can be improved by forming strong combination with lattice oxygen, and the cycle stability of the positive electrode material can be improved through the synergistic effect of divalent metal ions and high-valence metal ions wrapped on the outer layer.

The invention discloses a spinel oxygen carrier with the capability of deeply releasing lattice oxygen as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the related technical field of hydrogen energy preparation. Elements such as Cu, Mn, Ni, Ca, Sr and the like are doped into a metal iron-based oxygen carrier AFe2O4 with a spinel type structure according to an equal molar ratio, a dilution effect is shown on A-site atoms of the spinel type oxygen carrier AFe2O4 by virtue of multiple metal elements, and a multi-metal effect for promoting lattice oxygen release is combined. In addition, the spinel type oxygen carrier (AFe2O4) has excellent adsorption capacity and cycling stability, and the novel oxygen carrier is applied to chemical looping hydrogen production (CLR) to realize recycling of waste plastics and efficient preparation of high-purity hydrogen. Therefore, the problems of insufficient activity, serious surface carbon deposition, poor cycling stability and the like of a pure Fe2O3 oxygen carrier in chemical looping hydrogen production (CLR) are solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electro-catalysis, and particularly relates to a short-range ordered neodymium element doped iridium oxide catalyst, an iridium oxide-based catalyst and a preparation method and oxygen evolution application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: reacting iridium source metal salt with strong alkali, then carrying out alkali-assisted co-precipitation reaction with neodymium source metal salt to form iridium-neodymium co-coordinated hydrated hydroxide, and then sequentially carrying out drying, heat treatment and acid treatment to obtain the short-range ordered neodymium element doped iridium oxide catalyst. According to the method, the amorphous iridium oxide matrix dominated by side sharing [IrO6] connectivity is directly generated, meanwhile, low-valence Nd < 3 + > cations with large ion radius and obvious oxyphilicity are in a short-range frame of the amorphous iridium oxide matrix so as to synergistically activate an OPM oxide path mechanism, and the OPM oxide path mechanism overcomes the technical defects existing in an existing LOM lattice oxygen mechanism.

The present invention relates to the technical field of catalysts, and specifically relates to a high-activity cerium-zirconium composite oxide, and a preparation method therefor and a catalytic application thereof. The cerium-zirconium composite oxide has a general chemical formula of CexZryTzO2-αRδ, wherein, in terms of molar content, 0<x≤0.95, 0<y≤0.95, 0<z<0.3, x, y, and z satisfy x+y+z=1, 0≤α≤0.2, and 0≤δ≤0.1. The surface of the cerium-zirconium composite oxide contains adsorbed oxygen species, wherein an XPS peak intensity ratio of adsorbed oxygen to lattice oxygen, i.e., IOads / (IOads+IOlatt), is 0.3-0.8. In the present invention, the generation of more adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of the cerium-zirconium composite oxide is induced by constructing a non-uniform rare earth element doping structure and a grain boundary defect structure, and regulating and controlling the surface acidity and alkalinity. The adsorbed oxygen species on the surface can directly act as active oxygen to participate in a low-temperature catalytic reaction process, thereby promoting the activation of free O2, improving oxygen mobility and low-temperature co-catalytic activity, inhibiting the migration, agglomeration and growth of precious metals at high temperatures, and synergistically improving the high-temperature dispersity and catalytic activity of precious metals.

The invention relates to a cerium-tungsten co-doped ruthenium oxide catalyst capable of balancing lattice oxygen consumption and filling as well as a preparation method and application of the cerium-tungsten co-doped ruthenium oxide catalyst. According to the preparation method, LOM reaction is activated under a W-RuO2 stable framework by simultaneously utilizing a bridging effect of an AEM-OER catalyst and a promoting effect of CeOx on lattice oxygen vacancy filling, so that consumption and filling of lattice oxygen are balanced, dual optimization of stability and high activity of RuO2 in OER can be realized, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial production. The method effectively overcomes the defects that the technology for improving the stability of RuO2 by purely using W doping is at the cost of sacrificing activity and the technology for activating the lattice oxygen of RuO2 by purely using Ce doping is at the cost of sacrificing stability, and realizes dynamic balance of lattice oxygen consumption and supplement, so that the OER reaction of the LOM mechanism is stably operated, and the stability of the RuO2 is improved. The traditional technical bottleneck that activity and stability cannot be considered at the same time is broken through.

The application discloses a preparation method and application of a zirconium dioxide loaded iridium oxide nanocluster oxygen evolution electrocatalyst. A mixed solution of zirconium salt, amide solvent and organic acid is prepared, and the mixed solution is kept at 120 DEG C for 24 hours; after cooling, the white product is separated, washed and dried. Then, the product and iridium salt are dispersed in a mixed solution of tetrahydrofuran and water, and sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate aqueous solution are added under stirring; after stirring, rotary evaporation is carried out at 60 DEG C, and the greenish powder obtained after drying is vacuum dried at 60 DEG C for 12 hours; the greenish powder is kept in a muffle furnace at 450 DEG C for 30 minutes, and then cooled in air; the greenish powder is washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for multiple times, and finally vacuum dried at 60 DEG C for 12 hours. The zirconium dioxide loaded iridium oxide material based on oxygen overflow stable tetragonal zirconia can be specially applied to an electrocatalyst for an oxygen evolution reaction in an acidic electrolyte, has excellent oxygen evolution reaction activity, follows a lattice oxygen mechanism in the reaction process, and can realize an oxygen overflow effect from tetragonal zirconia to iridium oxide nanoclusters to stabilize the catalyst.

The invention discloses application of a cobalt-based catalyst in preparation of ethylene by photocatalytic ethane dehydrogenation with participation of lattice oxygen, the cobalt-based catalyst is Co3O4 with a spinel structure, and due to the coexistence characteristic of Co < 2 + > / Co < 3 + > in the structure and the migration ability of the lattice oxygen, the cobalt-based catalyst can be used as a photocatalyst and an oxygen storage tank; therefore, under the environment-friendly and low-energy-consumption photocatalytic reaction condition, lattice oxygen can be used as a mild oxidizing agent for high-selectivity photocatalytic ethane dehydrogenation to prepare ethylene. Direct participation of oxygen molecules is avoided through utilization of lattice oxygen in the catalyst, generation of COx by-products caused by excessive oxidation can be prevented, ethylene selectivity is improved, the lattice oxygen consumed in the catalyst after the reaction can be regenerated through reaction with air or oxygen, the safety problem that ethane and oxygen are mixed and combustible is solved, and the catalyst is suitable for industrial production. And the feasible photocatalytic oxidation-reduction cycle is realized.

The invention discloses a lattice oxygen regulation type nano-catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst comprises a carrier and active nano-metal, wherein the ratio of lattice oxygen to defect oxygen can be regulated; the carrier is a TiO2 and ZrO2 composite oxide with an adjustable lattice oxygen ratio; and the active nano metal is selected from any one of Ru and Ni active metal nano particles. Metal active sites and oxygen species on the surface of the catalyst can enhance cracking of extracellular polymeric substances of the sludge and release of organic matters in the sludge, deep cracking of the sludge is realized, and the selectivity of organic matter carboxylic acid products is improved; rich active metal sites on the surface of the catalyst are matched with active nano metal particles to accelerate generation of free radicals, the reaction efficiency is improved, interaction between precursor surface compounds formed by reactants on the surface of the catalyst and adjacent active metal sites and defect oxygen is controlled, the oxidation degree is regulated and controlled, and the product selectivity is improved; the catalyst can realize HTO treatment of sludge at 200 DEG C or below, and the treated product can be used as a high-quality carbon source.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of an amorphous zirconium-doped manganese oxide catalyst, and belongs to the field of organic catalytic synthesis. The catalyst is Zr-MnO2-x, and is rich in lattice oxygen with high activity and high stability; x is the molar ratio of Zr to the sum of Mn and Zr, and x is larger than or equal to 0.2 and smaller than or equal to 0.6; zirconium mainly exists in the form of zirconium hydroxide. The preparation method comprises the following steps: slowly dropwise adding a mixed salt solution of a zirconium source and a manganese source into a precipitant under a continuous stirring condition, and carrying out a co-precipitation reaction; after the reaction is completed, standing and aging, carrying out solid-liquid separation and collecting a precipitate; and washing and drying to obtain the amorphous zirconium-doped manganese oxide catalyst which is used for catalyzing aniline and derivatives thereof to synthesize azobenzene compounds. According to the invention, the characteristic of'difunctional lattice oxygen 'with high activity and high stability is introduced through zirconium doping, and the catalyst has the advantages of high activity, high selectivity, wide substrate applicability, excellent stability and reusability and the like when used for catalytic synthesis of azobenzene compounds.

The present invention provides a carbon cycle rich aromatics catalyst and its preparation method. The catalyst includes a carrier, an active component and nano-scale activated carbon AC, the carrier is a ZSM-5 zeolite molecular sieve, and the pore size distribution is 0.2-0.4nm, the active component is ZnO inside the molecular sieve channel and ZnZrOx dispersed on the outer surface of the molecular sieve; the mass ratio of each substance of the catalyst is 100ZSM5: 6-9ZnO: 6-20ZnZrOx: 1-5AC, Zn modified ZSM5 molecular sieve is subjected to post-processing recrystallization means, the B acid acidity and pores of the ZSM5 molecular sieve are adjusted, and a metal salt is added in an alkaline environment in the later stage of recrystallization to form a metal oxide shell on the surface of the ZSM5 molecular sieve, and the lattice oxygen defects of the metal oxide are used to improve the adsorption capacity and conversion capacity of carbon dioxide. The addition of activated carbon also solves the diffusion problem of the outer surface. The present invention catalyzes the co-conversion reaction of carbon dioxide and light alkanes under milder reaction conditions to obtain higher carbon dioxide, alkane conversion rate and aromatics selectivity.

This invention discloses a heavy p Preparation methods of transition metal-modified transition metal coordination polymers and their application in seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production, in the fields of transition metals, heavy metals, and heavy metals. p In the presence of both metal and complexing agent, a one-step co-precipitation method was used to prepare heavy metals. p Transition metal coordination polymers modified with region metals. The heavy metals prepared in this invention... p Transition metal-modified polymers can be used to modify transition metal coordination polymers through heavy metal modification. p The strong Lewis acidity of the metal in the region repels chloride ions, inhibiting the chlorination side reaction, and can also pass through the heavy metal. p The polarization of the metal in the region activates the lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism, lowering the energy barrier for seawater oxidation reactions. p The anion exchange membrane seawater electrolyzer constructed using a transition metal coordination polymer modified with a metal zone as the anode exhibits both excellent reactivity and corrosion resistance, demonstrating significant application prospects in the field of direct seawater electrolysis. This invention utilizes low-cost raw materials, employs a simple preparation process, and is feasible and economical for large-scale production.

The application belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste resource utilization and high-value conversion, and specifically discloses a dual-phase rare earth metal-based high-entropy oxygen carrier for waste plastic gasification, a preparation method and application thereof. a Ni b Co c Mg d M e O y , wherein a, b, c, d and e are respectively 5% to 35% of atomic percentage, a+b+c+d+e=100% is satisfied, M is a rare earth metal Ce or La, and y is in the range of 0 to 4 but not 0. The dual-phase structure formed after the introduction of the rare earth metal enhances the surface oxygen vacancy content of the oxygen carrier, is beneficial to the migration of the lattice oxygen to participate in the gasification reaction, the high-entropy oxygen carrier lattice is distorted, the metal-oxygen bond is weakened, and then the oxygen release capacity is promoted, the catalytic cracking capacity for waste plastics is improved, and the syngas yield and the oxygen carrier circulation stability are improved. The preparation method of the oxygen carrier is simple, can be widely used in the field of waste plastic gasification, and has high use value.

The invention relates to the technical field of ethylbenzene dehydrogenation, in particular to a preparation method and application of a spinel CoFe2O4 oxygen carrier, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving cobalt salt and iron salt in water according to a specific molar ratio, adding ethylene glycol, methanol and a polymethyl methacrylate template agent, uniformly mixing, drying, carrying out programmed temperature rise calcination in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, and calcining to obtain the spinel CoFe2O4 oxygen carrier. The CoFe2O4 oxygen carrier with a single spinel crystal structure is obtained. The oxygen carrier is used as a recyclable lattice oxygen source and can catalyze ethylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation to generate styrene at the ultralow temperature of 200-400 DEG C, especially about 250 DEG C, both the ethylbenzene conversion rate and the styrene selectivity can reach 96% or above, and the performance degradation rate is smaller than 5% after at least 41 times of redox cycles. The process conditions are mild, the oxygen carrier structure is stable, the activity is high, and a new way is provided for energy-saving and low-carbon production of styrene.

The application belongs to the technical field of chemical looping combustion, and discloses a nano oxygen carrier particle, a photo reactor and a chemical looping system. The nano oxygen carrier particle comprises a metal oxide, a noble metal / rare earth metal and a semiconductor material. The metal oxide has oxidizing property. The semiconductor material generates photo-generated holes and photo-generated electrons under light irradiation. The photo-generated holes have oxidizing property, and the photo-generated electrons have reducing property. The noble metal serves as a catalytic site and forms a Schottky barrier with the semiconductor. The Schottky barrier continuously captures the photo-generated electrons to improve the separation efficiency of the photo-generated electron-photo-generated hole pair. The application further discloses a photo reactor and a chemical reaction chain using the nano oxygen carrier. Through the application, the multifunctional nano oxygen carrier particle with lattice oxygen transfer, photocatalysis and thermal catalysis is synthesized, the operation temperature of the chemical looping system is below 200 DEG C, the low-temperature chemical looping combustion process is realized, and the sintering and agglomeration of the oxygen carrier material are avoided.

A positive electrode material is disclosed, represented by the formula LiaNixCoyMn1-x-yMbO2-cQc, where 0.2≤a≤1.2, x≥0.6, y>0, b>0, and c>0. M comprises a high-valence cation and Q comprises an anion. The doping of a high-valence cation and an anion in a nickel-rich ternary material stabilizes the bulk structure during lithium deintercalation, reduces side reactions, lattice oxygen release, and transition metal dissolution, and improves cycling stability, high-temperature storage, and rate capability. The outer surface of the positive electrode material may further include a selenium-containing coating layer that reacts with residual lithium compounds and binds released lattice oxygen to suppress electrolyte oxidation. A conductive coating layer may be formed on the selenium-containing layer to prevent direct contact with the electrolyte and inhibit side reactions.

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste recycling and high-value conversion, and particularly discloses a double-phase rare earth metal-based high-entropy oxygen carrier for waste plastic gasification and a preparation method and application of the double-phase rare earth metal-based high-entropy oxygen carrier. The oxygen carrier has a general formula of FeaNibCocMgdMeOy, a, b, c, d and e respectively account for 5%-35% of atoms, a + b + c + d + e = 100%, M is rare earth metal Ce or La, and y ranges from 0 to 4 but is not 0. The content of surface oxygen vacancies of the oxygen carrier is increased by a biphase structure formed after introduction of the rare earth metal, lattice oxygen migration is facilitated to participate in gasification reaction, lattice distortion of the high-entropy oxygen carrier occurs, metal-oxygen bonds become weak, oxygen release capacity is further promoted, catalytic cracking capacity on waste plastics is improved, and the catalytic cracking efficiency of the high-entropy oxygen carrier is improved. The yield of the synthesis gas and the cycling stability of the oxygen carrier are improved. The oxygen carrier disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation method, can be widely applied to the field of waste plastic gasification, and has relatively high use value.

The invention discloses a composite metal oxide catalyst based on grain boundary engineering, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of catalysts. The composite metal oxide catalyst is prepared on the basis of size effect induced crystal medium engineering. The catalyst can induce lattice oxygen to rapidly migrate and supplement by means of abundant crystal boundaries on the surface, meanwhile, electron transfer between bivariate valence metal elements contributes to the adsorption and oxidation process of reactants, and the catalyst can efficiently remove volatile organic compounds such as ethyl alcohol and formaldehyde in waste gas and efficiently purify CO pollutants in flue gas. The catalytic purification temperature window of flue gas and waste gas is effectively reduced, the temperature interval of catalytic oxidation reaction is widened, and the method has the advantages of wide applicability, high mineralization rate, good stability and the like. Meanwhile, the preparation method has the advantages of being low in cost, simple, feasible and suitable for mass production.

The chemical formula of the novel lithium-rich nickel-based layered positive electrode material is Li < 1 + x > (NiyM < 1-y >) < 1-x > O2, x is more than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.5, and y is more than or equal to 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.99; m is a transition metal element with the oxyphilicity larger than that of Ni, and when M contains one or more of Ti, Cr, V and Cu, the proportion of Ti, Cr, V and Cu in the total molar weight of the transition metal is not larger than 20%; when M contains one or more of Mn, Fe and Co, the M accounts for not more than 50% of the total molar weight of the transition metal; the material crystal has monoclinic symmetry, the transition metal layer has a LiNi6-zMz (0 < = z < = 3) superlattice structure along the crystal face (001), and an XRD pattern has a superlattice structure diffraction peak at 20-25 degrees. The material is a brand new material which breaks through the theoretical capacity and energy density upper limit of an existing nickel-based layered positive electrode material, the electrochemical activity of anions is changed by constructing a novel Li-Ni-TM-Li superstructure, lattice oxygen is effectively activated to participate in the reaction, the activation potential of the anions is reduced, the suitability with an electrolyte is improved, and the performance of the material is improved. And meanwhile, the voltage window, the discharge capacity and the energy density of the material are improved.

The invention discloses a manganese-based material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The crystal structure of the manganese-based material comprises an alkali metal layer, an O element and a transition metal layer, the alkali metal layer comprises Li element; the transition metal layer comprises an Mn element and an Mn vacancy, or the Mn element, the Mn vacancy and a Li element. In the manganese-based material with the specific structure, the unique Mn vacancy in the transition metal layer can activate the oxidation-reduction activity of oxygen anions, extra capacity is provided in the charge-discharge process, and the existing crystal structure configuration of the material is enriched; furthermore, structure reverse design and in-situ lithium supplementation are carried out according to the characteristic that the material is lack of lithium, application of the structure in the aspect of the lithium ion battery is optimized, rearrangement of the Mn vacancy superstructure in the transition metal layer can be caused by addition of additional lithium atoms, and the lithium ion battery performance is improved. The more dispersed vacancy configuration can better inhibit irreversible loss of lattice oxygen and structural phase change and capacity loss caused by intra-layer / inter-layer migration of manganese.