64 results about "Lattice oxygen" patented technology

The invention relates to a lithium ion battery positive electrode material regeneration method based on the synergistic effect of Nb < 5 + > / Ta < 5 + > / Mo < 6 + > doping and molten salt reconstruction, and belongs to the technical field of lithium battery material recovery and regeneration, a high-temperature molten salt system represented by LiOH-NaCl / Na2SO4 is adopted, NbCl5 / TaCl5 / MoCl6 is introduced as a dopant, and synchronous implementation of structure repair and Nb < 5 + > / Ta < 5 + > / Mo < 6 + > doping is realized in the lithium supplement reconstruction process, so that the lithium supplement reconstruction process is simplified, and the lithium ion battery positive electrode material regeneration method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. Meanwhile, various structural defects such as lithium vacancies, cation mixing, lattice oxygen loss and particle cracks in the retired high-nickel positive electrode material are repaired, doped elements enter lattices at high temperature to form high-bond-energy O-TM bonds, surface lattice oxygen can be effectively anchored, oxygen vacancy generation and oxygen separation are inhibited, and the service life of the positive electrode material is prolonged. Therefore, the structural stability of the regenerative positive electrode under high voltage is remarkably improved. Meanwhile, a lithium ion diffusion channel is widened by doping Nb < 5 + > / Ta < 5 + > / Mo < 6 + >, the material has more excellent rate capability and long cycle stability in combination with a grain boundary elimination effect brought by crystal reconstruction, and the material has wide adaptability and good industrial popularization prospects.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electro-catalysis, and particularly relates to a short-range ordered neodymium element doped iridium oxide catalyst, an iridium oxide-based catalyst and a preparation method and oxygen evolution application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: reacting iridium source metal salt with strong alkali, then carrying out alkali-assisted co-precipitation reaction with neodymium source metal salt to form iridium-neodymium co-coordinated hydrated hydroxide, and then sequentially carrying out drying, heat treatment and acid treatment to obtain the short-range ordered neodymium element doped iridium oxide catalyst. According to the method, the amorphous iridium oxide matrix dominated by side sharing [IrO6] connectivity is directly generated, meanwhile, low-valence Nd < 3 + > cations with large ion radius and obvious oxyphilicity are in a short-range frame of the amorphous iridium oxide matrix so as to synergistically activate an OPM oxide path mechanism, and the OPM oxide path mechanism overcomes the technical defects existing in an existing LOM lattice oxygen mechanism.

The present invention relates to the technical field of catalysts, and specifically relates to a high-activity cerium-zirconium composite oxide, and a preparation method therefor and a catalytic application thereof. The cerium-zirconium composite oxide has a general chemical formula of CexZryTzO2-αRδ, wherein, in terms of molar content, 0<x≤0.95, 0<y≤0.95, 0<z<0.3, x, y, and z satisfy x+y+z=1, 0≤α≤0.2, and 0≤δ≤0.1. The surface of the cerium-zirconium composite oxide contains adsorbed oxygen species, wherein an XPS peak intensity ratio of adsorbed oxygen to lattice oxygen, i.e., IOads / (IOads+IOlatt), is 0.3-0.8. In the present invention, the generation of more adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of the cerium-zirconium composite oxide is induced by constructing a non-uniform rare earth element doping structure and a grain boundary defect structure, and regulating and controlling the surface acidity and alkalinity. The adsorbed oxygen species on the surface can directly act as active oxygen to participate in a low-temperature catalytic reaction process, thereby promoting the activation of free O2, improving oxygen mobility and low-temperature co-catalytic activity, inhibiting the migration, agglomeration and growth of precious metals at high temperatures, and synergistically improving the high-temperature dispersity and catalytic activity of precious metals.

The application discloses a preparation method and application of a zirconium dioxide loaded iridium oxide nanocluster oxygen evolution electrocatalyst. A mixed solution of zirconium salt, amide solvent and organic acid is prepared, and the mixed solution is kept at 120 DEG C for 24 hours; after cooling, the white product is separated, washed and dried. Then, the product and iridium salt are dispersed in a mixed solution of tetrahydrofuran and water, and sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate aqueous solution are added under stirring; after stirring, rotary evaporation is carried out at 60 DEG C, and the greenish powder obtained after drying is vacuum dried at 60 DEG C for 12 hours; the greenish powder is kept in a muffle furnace at 450 DEG C for 30 minutes, and then cooled in air; the greenish powder is washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol for multiple times, and finally vacuum dried at 60 DEG C for 12 hours. The zirconium dioxide loaded iridium oxide material based on oxygen overflow stable tetragonal zirconia can be specially applied to an electrocatalyst for an oxygen evolution reaction in an acidic electrolyte, has excellent oxygen evolution reaction activity, follows a lattice oxygen mechanism in the reaction process, and can realize an oxygen overflow effect from tetragonal zirconia to iridium oxide nanoclusters to stabilize the catalyst.

The invention discloses application of a cobalt-based catalyst in preparation of ethylene by photocatalytic ethane dehydrogenation with participation of lattice oxygen, the cobalt-based catalyst is Co3O4 with a spinel structure, and due to the coexistence characteristic of Co < 2 + > / Co < 3 + > in the structure and the migration ability of the lattice oxygen, the cobalt-based catalyst can be used as a photocatalyst and an oxygen storage tank; therefore, under the environment-friendly and low-energy-consumption photocatalytic reaction condition, lattice oxygen can be used as a mild oxidizing agent for high-selectivity photocatalytic ethane dehydrogenation to prepare ethylene. Direct participation of oxygen molecules is avoided through utilization of lattice oxygen in the catalyst, generation of COx by-products caused by excessive oxidation can be prevented, ethylene selectivity is improved, the lattice oxygen consumed in the catalyst after the reaction can be regenerated through reaction with air or oxygen, the safety problem that ethane and oxygen are mixed and combustible is solved, and the catalyst is suitable for industrial production. And the feasible photocatalytic oxidation-reduction cycle is realized.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of an amorphous zirconium-doped manganese oxide catalyst, and belongs to the field of organic catalytic synthesis. The catalyst is Zr-MnO2-x, and is rich in lattice oxygen with high activity and high stability; x is the molar ratio of Zr to the sum of Mn and Zr, and x is larger than or equal to 0.2 and smaller than or equal to 0.6; zirconium mainly exists in the form of zirconium hydroxide. The preparation method comprises the following steps: slowly dropwise adding a mixed salt solution of a zirconium source and a manganese source into a precipitant under a continuous stirring condition, and carrying out a co-precipitation reaction; after the reaction is completed, standing and aging, carrying out solid-liquid separation and collecting a precipitate; and washing and drying to obtain the amorphous zirconium-doped manganese oxide catalyst which is used for catalyzing aniline and derivatives thereof to synthesize azobenzene compounds. According to the invention, the characteristic of'difunctional lattice oxygen 'with high activity and high stability is introduced through zirconium doping, and the catalyst has the advantages of high activity, high selectivity, wide substrate applicability, excellent stability and reusability and the like when used for catalytic synthesis of azobenzene compounds.

This invention discloses a heavy p Preparation methods of transition metal-modified transition metal coordination polymers and their application in seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production, in the fields of transition metals, heavy metals, and heavy metals. p In the presence of both metal and complexing agent, a one-step co-precipitation method was used to prepare heavy metals. p Transition metal coordination polymers modified with region metals. The heavy metals prepared in this invention... p Transition metal-modified polymers can be used to modify transition metal coordination polymers through heavy metal modification. p The strong Lewis acidity of the metal in the region repels chloride ions, inhibiting the chlorination side reaction, and can also pass through the heavy metal. p The polarization of the metal in the region activates the lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism, lowering the energy barrier for seawater oxidation reactions. p The anion exchange membrane seawater electrolyzer constructed using a transition metal coordination polymer modified with a metal zone as the anode exhibits both excellent reactivity and corrosion resistance, demonstrating significant application prospects in the field of direct seawater electrolysis. This invention utilizes low-cost raw materials, employs a simple preparation process, and is feasible and economical for large-scale production.

The application belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste resource utilization and high-value conversion, and specifically discloses a dual-phase rare earth metal-based high-entropy oxygen carrier for waste plastic gasification, a preparation method and application thereof. a Ni b Co c Mg d M e O y , wherein a, b, c, d and e are respectively 5% to 35% of atomic percentage, a+b+c+d+e=100% is satisfied, M is a rare earth metal Ce or La, and y is in the range of 0 to 4 but not 0. The dual-phase structure formed after the introduction of the rare earth metal enhances the surface oxygen vacancy content of the oxygen carrier, is beneficial to the migration of the lattice oxygen to participate in the gasification reaction, the high-entropy oxygen carrier lattice is distorted, the metal-oxygen bond is weakened, and then the oxygen release capacity is promoted, the catalytic cracking capacity for waste plastics is improved, and the syngas yield and the oxygen carrier circulation stability are improved. The preparation method of the oxygen carrier is simple, can be widely used in the field of waste plastic gasification, and has high use value.

The invention relates to the technical field of ethylbenzene dehydrogenation, in particular to a preparation method and application of a spinel CoFe2O4 oxygen carrier, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving cobalt salt and iron salt in water according to a specific molar ratio, adding ethylene glycol, methanol and a polymethyl methacrylate template agent, uniformly mixing, drying, carrying out programmed temperature rise calcination in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, and calcining to obtain the spinel CoFe2O4 oxygen carrier. The CoFe2O4 oxygen carrier with a single spinel crystal structure is obtained. The oxygen carrier is used as a recyclable lattice oxygen source and can catalyze ethylbenzene oxidative dehydrogenation to generate styrene at the ultralow temperature of 200-400 DEG C, especially about 250 DEG C, both the ethylbenzene conversion rate and the styrene selectivity can reach 96% or above, and the performance degradation rate is smaller than 5% after at least 41 times of redox cycles. The process conditions are mild, the oxygen carrier structure is stable, the activity is high, and a new way is provided for energy-saving and low-carbon production of styrene.

A positive electrode material is disclosed, represented by the formula LiaNixCoyMn1-x-yMbO2-cQc, where 0.2≤a≤1.2, x≥0.6, y>0, b>0, and c>0. M comprises a high-valence cation and Q comprises an anion. The doping of a high-valence cation and an anion in a nickel-rich ternary material stabilizes the bulk structure during lithium deintercalation, reduces side reactions, lattice oxygen release, and transition metal dissolution, and improves cycling stability, high-temperature storage, and rate capability. The outer surface of the positive electrode material may further include a selenium-containing coating layer that reacts with residual lithium compounds and binds released lattice oxygen to suppress electrolyte oxidation. A conductive coating layer may be formed on the selenium-containing layer to prevent direct contact with the electrolyte and inhibit side reactions.

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste recycling and high-value conversion, and particularly discloses a double-phase rare earth metal-based high-entropy oxygen carrier for waste plastic gasification and a preparation method and application of the double-phase rare earth metal-based high-entropy oxygen carrier. The oxygen carrier has a general formula of FeaNibCocMgdMeOy, a, b, c, d and e respectively account for 5%-35% of atoms, a + b + c + d + e = 100%, M is rare earth metal Ce or La, and y ranges from 0 to 4 but is not 0. The content of surface oxygen vacancies of the oxygen carrier is increased by a biphase structure formed after introduction of the rare earth metal, lattice oxygen migration is facilitated to participate in gasification reaction, lattice distortion of the high-entropy oxygen carrier occurs, metal-oxygen bonds become weak, oxygen release capacity is further promoted, catalytic cracking capacity on waste plastics is improved, and the catalytic cracking efficiency of the high-entropy oxygen carrier is improved. The yield of the synthesis gas and the cycling stability of the oxygen carrier are improved. The oxygen carrier disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation method, can be widely applied to the field of waste plastic gasification, and has relatively high use value.

The invention discloses a composite metal oxide catalyst based on grain boundary engineering, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of catalysts. The composite metal oxide catalyst is prepared on the basis of size effect induced crystal medium engineering. The catalyst can induce lattice oxygen to rapidly migrate and supplement by means of abundant crystal boundaries on the surface, meanwhile, electron transfer between bivariate valence metal elements contributes to the adsorption and oxidation process of reactants, and the catalyst can efficiently remove volatile organic compounds such as ethyl alcohol and formaldehyde in waste gas and efficiently purify CO pollutants in flue gas. The catalytic purification temperature window of flue gas and waste gas is effectively reduced, the temperature interval of catalytic oxidation reaction is widened, and the method has the advantages of wide applicability, high mineralization rate, good stability and the like. Meanwhile, the preparation method has the advantages of being low in cost, simple, feasible and suitable for mass production.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a water-resistant sulfur-resistant ultralow-temperature CO oxidation catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing an alpha-SiO2 carrier with a rich (101) crystal face by adopting a hydrothermal method; afterwards, an inorganic anchoring-organic grafting strategy is combined, an HF solution is used for conducting functionalization treatment on the surface of alpha-SiO2, methyl silicon trichloride is introduced, a Si-F-O-C-Si bonding structure is constructed, and the precious metal is accurately loaded on the bonding structure by means of a precursor in an organic grafting mode. The Si-F-O-C-Si bond not only regulates the surface electronic structure of alpha-SiO2 and inhibits the adsorption of SO2 on the active site of noble metal, but also can reduce SO2 by carbon atoms to prevent the oxidation process of SO2 on active lattice oxygen on the surface of the carrier; meanwhile, the F-O bond can rapidly provide reactive oxygen species for the Pt site, and CO oxidation reaction is promoted. Based on the design of the water-resistant and sulfur-resistant system, the prepared noble metal-based C-F-alpha-SiO2 catalyst shows excellent CO oxidation activity at the temperature of 80-110 DEG C.

The invention provides a method for promoting low-temperature densification of yttria-stabilized zirconia and application, and belongs to the technical field of high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. The nano-powder prepared by a sol-gel method is small in particle size, large in specific surface area and high in activity, so that the densification temperature of the nano-powder is reduced, the nano-powder is sintered in a vapor-containing atmosphere, the oxygen partial pressure under high-temperature vapor is reduced, lattice oxygen escapes to form oxygen vacancies, meanwhile, hydrogen proton defects generated by hydrolysis reduce the formation energy of cation defects, and the oxygen vacancies are reduced. Formation of defects is promoted, and oxygen vacancies and the defects provide channels for atomic diffusion; and hydroxyl adsorbed on the surface of the YSZ and cations form ionic bonds, the diffusion rate of OH <-> is far higher than that of O2 <->, and due to electrostatic interaction, diffusion of cations is further promoted, so that sintering of the YSZ is promoted, and low-temperature densification of the YSZ is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical industry, in particular to a method for preparing styrene by oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, which comprises the following steps: under the condition of low temperature of 150-300 DEG C, ethylbenzene is contacted with an oxygen storage catalyst in an oxidation state, the catalyst catalyzes ethylbenzene dehydrogenation to generate styrene and hydrogen, and then the hydrogen is selectively oxidized into water by self lattice oxygen, directional movement of reaction balance is realized; the catalyst consuming lattice oxygen is regenerated through oxygen-containing gas flow to recover the oxidation state and is recycled. The oxygen storage catalyst is a composite metal oxide or carbide-oxide composite material with a specific structure, and has the functions of ethylbenzene activation, lattice oxygen storage and release and molecular oxygen activation. The invention also provides two reactor implementation schemes of fixed bed switching and fluidized bed circulation. The problems that traditional high-temperature dehydrogenation is high in energy consumption and limited in selectivity and existing oxidative dehydrogenation uses pure oxygen to cause safety and excessive oxidation are solved, and low-temperature, efficient and safe styrene production is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of solid oxide electrolytic cells, in particular to an A-site high-entropy perovskite oxide with oxygen octahedron distortion and a preparation method and application thereof. The chemical formula of the oxide is Nd < 0.2 > Pr < 0.2 > La < 0.2 > Ba < 0.2 > Sr < 0.2 > CoO < 3-delta >, wherein delta is the oxygen vacancy content. The oxide has lattice oxygen after being subjected to high entropy, so that oxygen ions move more easily, the oxygen evolution reaction activity is improved, meanwhile, the local environment of the oxygen ions is changed after high entropy, local oxygen octahedral distortion occurs, the oxygen ions are more active, the oxygen migration rate is further increased, the high oxygen evolution reaction activity is shown, and the oxygen evolution reaction activity is improved. Therefore, the yield of cathode carbon monoxide is improved.

The application discloses a La2O3-ZnO-NiO / ZrO2 oxygen carrier and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ammonia decomposition. The technical scheme comprises the following steps: 1) synthesis of a ZrO2 carrier: adding NH3H2O into a zirconyl nitrate solution to induce precipitation; 2) preparation of La2O3 / ZrO2: adding lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate and urea to obtain a precipitate, drying and finally calcining; 3) preparation of La2O3-ZnO / ZrO2: adding zinc nitrate hexahydrate and urea, standing to obtain a precipitate, drying and calcining; and 4) preparation of La2O3-ZnO-NiO / ZrO2: adding NH3H2O, then adding nickel acetate and thiourea, reacting, drying and twice calcining to obtain a target product. The application adopts lattice oxygen in the oxygen carrier to catalyze and oxidize ammonia gas decomposition, the oxygen carrier can be used repeatedly, and is suitable for future industrial application.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an oxygen-vacancy-rich hollow double-shell composite material and n-butanol gas-sensitive application of the oxygen-vacancy-rich hollow double-shell composite material, and belongs to the technical field of gas sensors. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a ZnSn (OH) 6 microsphere precursor through a simple coprecipitation method, and then carrying out in-situ pyrolysis in the microsphere to release H2O / CO2 by utilizing annealing treatment and controlling the heating rate so as to form a hollow double-shell layer; meanwhile, the outward diffusion time of lattice oxygen is prolonged at a relatively low heating rate, and a large number of oxygen vacancies are generated under the driving of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and are enriched on a ZTO / SnO2 heterogeneous interface. Oxygen vacancy is used as an n-type surface donor energy level, so that the carrier concentration is improved, and rich active adsorption sites are provided for n-butyl alcohol; the hollow double-shell layer shortens the diffusion distance and increases the specific surface area, so that target gas quickly reaches a sensitive interface, the oxygen vacancy-heterojunction synergistic effect remarkably enhances the chemical adsorption oxygen O2- / O-concentration, and specific catalysis is shown on n-butyl alcohol C-H bond breakage, so that high response, high selectivity and long-term stability are realized.

The invention discloses a supported Mn-based catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, the catalyst takes a Y-type molecular sieve with high crystallinity, large specific surface area and large pore volume as a carrier, and manganese with outstanding low-temperature redox activity, low price and low toxicity is selected as a supported metal. And the catalyst is used for treating VOCs, so that the emission of VOCs is reduced, and toluene is subjected to catalytic oxidation. The manganese element is loaded on the Y-type molecular sieve, the supercage aperture of the Y-type molecular sieve is matched with that of toluene molecules, MnOx can be confined into a highly dispersed cluster of 2-3 nm, sufficient active sites are exposed, and sintering is inhibited; the strong acidity and exchangeable skeleton oxygen cooperate to promote toluene adsorption-activation, the lattice oxygen migration rate is high, the material has good hydrothermal stability and regeneration performance, and long-period operation is guaranteed without inactivation. And the toluene conversion rate of the catalyst can reach 100% within 1 hour under the condition of low load of manganese metal.

The application provides a two-dimensional flower-shaped Cu 0.5 Co 2.5 O4 spinel, a preparation method and application thereof, and the method uses Co(NO3)2.6H2O and Cu(NO3)2.3H2O as raw materials, isopropanol and glycerol as solvents, and NaBH4 as a reducing agent, and obtains two-dimensional flower-shaped Cu 0.5 Co 2.5 O4 spinel through a combination of hydrothermal treatment, pyrolysis and reduction. 0.5 Co 2.5 The flower-shaped Cu 3+ Co 2+ O4 spinel prepared by the application has high crystallinity and high purity, and has good reproducibility; the synergistic effect between Co and Cu can significantly improve the ratio of Co / Co, and a large number of oxygen vacancies are generated, so that more active centers are shown; the content of oxygen vacancies is further improved after reduction of NaBH4; the rich oxygen vacancies are beneficial to generation and migration of lattice oxygen, so that the low-temperature thermal catalytic oxidation performance of toluene of the catalyst is improved, and the catalyst is a very promising toluene oxidation catalyst; by adjusting the Cu doping amount, the specific surface area and pore structure of the spinel can be effectively improved, so that more active sites are exposed.

This application discloses a lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material, its preparation method, and its applications, relating to the field of lithium battery technology. A gradient lithium distribution is used to design a stable lattice oxygen framework, reducing lattice oxygen escape. This not only reduces gas production but also prevents transition metal ion migration and stabilizes the crystal structure, thereby improving cycle stability. A further coating with a layer of Mn3O4 material containing oxygen vacancies traps the escaped oxygen from the outermost layer and suppresses irreversible phase transitions during charge and discharge, preventing direct contact between the electrolyte and the cathode material and reducing side reactions. Therefore, the lithium-rich manganese-based cathode material provided in this application can isolate lattice oxygen evolution, stabilize the crystal structure, and reduce side reactions, thereby improving electrochemical performance.

The application discloses a positive electrode capable of limiting lattice oxygen escape, and a preparation method and application thereof. The specific method is to add a lattice oxygen inhibitor into the positive electrode in the secondary battery. The lattice oxygen inhibitor can not only play a role of a "physical passivation film" to constrain the particle volume change and prevent direct contact between the electrode and the electrolyte, but also play a role of an "electron reservoir" to inhibit the loss of the interface lattice oxygen and the conversion of the harmful interface phase transition in a way of interface charge compensation. The two aspects greatly inhibit the lattice oxygen release of the nickel-rich layered oxide, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium-rich manganese-based and sodium-based layered oxide positive electrode material at high temperature, weaken the chemical crosstalk reaction between the active oxygen and the organic solvent and the lithiated negative electrode. Therefore, the heat accumulation of the thermal runaway trigger point can be effectively suppressed, the occurrence of the battery thermal runaway is delayed or avoided, and the safety of the battery is improved.

The application discloses a chemical cycle hydrogen production system and method, which is a circulation system in which an oxygen carrier sequentially and independently participates in reactions in a conversion unit, a hydrogen production unit and an oxidation unit. The conversion unit comprises a conversion reactor which uses methane as bed fluidization air to fluidize the oxygen carrier in the bed and perform a lattice oxygen partial oxidation reaction in a non-complete combustion state to obtain CO and H2 synthesis gas products. The conversion reactor extends downward to a riser section at the bottom. A deep reduction reactor receives the oxygen carrier transported from the riser section of the conversion reactor in a dense phase and performs primary gas stripping using the CO and H2 synthesis gas as fluidization air. H2 produced by the hydrogen production unit is introduced into the bottom of the riser section of the deep reduction reactor as fluidization air to perform secondary gas stripping on the oxygen carrier in the deep reduction reactor. The oxygen carrier is deeply reduced in the process of the two gas strippings and the synthesis gas products in the conversion reactor are prevented from entering the hydrogen production unit.

The application discloses a high-nickel positive electrode material based on a zirconium-based organic metal skeleton UiO-66 dynamic protection mechanism and a preparation method and application thereof. 4+ In the process of battery electrochemical cycle, the porous structure of UiO-66 is used to in-situ adsorb electrolyte corrosion components and capture dissolved transition metal ions, and Zr 4+ is released to in-situ dope into the positive electrode surface layer lattice, so that the dual dynamic synergistic protection of interface passivation and lattice pinning is simultaneously realized. The method effectively inhibits lithium-nickel cation mixing, lattice oxygen precipitation, micro-crack expansion and transition metal dissolution of the high-nickel positive electrode, and significantly improves the structural stability and long cycle life of the material. The application has a simple process, is compatible with the existing battery manufacturing process, and has a good industrial application prospect.

This invention discloses a catalyst for topological interface engineering-controlled lattice oxygen, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of catalyst technology. The invention prepares a catalyst via a two-step method of electrochemical etching and thermal oxidation. The catalyst has an IrGa intermetallic compound core, a Ga-vacancy-rich transition layer in the middle, and a crystalline IrO2 layer as the outer shell. This invention modulates the local electronic structure of the catalyst through the interface topological confinement effect, breaking the trade-off bottleneck between high activity and structural instability under the LOM mechanism in acidic OER. By suppressing the accumulation and dissolution of deep lattice defects, a reversible lattice oxygen redox process is achieved, thereby improving the catalyst's lifetime, activity, and stability.

The application discloses a ternary positive electrode material based on an interface proton pump and a lattice oxygen anchoring mechanism, and a preparation method and application thereof. The ternary positive electrode material comprises a ternary matrix, an interface proton pump and an oxidation state element for anchoring lattice oxygen in a bulk phase. The interface proton pump comprises a grain boundary layer arranged at a grain boundary between primary particles of the ternary matrix, and a coating layer coated on an outer surface of secondary particles of the ternary matrix. The oxidation state element M' anchors the lattice oxygen by forming a M'-Opi bond. The application realizes the synergistic effect of the interface proton pump mechanism and the lattice oxygen anchoring technology, and fundamentally solves the problems of gas production and residual alkali of the high-nickel ternary positive electrode material.

The application relates to the technical field of photocatalysts, and specifically discloses a samarium-doped bismuth tungstate photocatalyst based on 4f orbital coupling and a preparation method and application thereof. x The chemical composition general formula of the catalyst is Sm x Bi2WO6, Sm³⁺ occupies Bi³⁺ lattice sites in the form of lattice substitution, forms a Sm-O-Bi interface structure, Sm doping induces the formation of oxygen vacancies and a hindered Lewis acid-base pair related to Bi-O units, the 4f orbital of Sm and the 2p orbital of lattice oxygen have a strong coupling effect, and a directional active oxygen transfer channel across the Sm-O-Bi interface is constructed. The catalyst is used for the selective photocatalytic oxidation of toluene to prepare benzaldehyde, under conventional conditions, the toluene conversion rate of the catalyst with the optimal doping amount of samarium reaches 8550 mu mol g-1 h-1, the selectivity is greater than 86%, the precise oxidation of the C-H bond at the benzyl position is realized, and the catalyst has the characteristics of high activity, good selectivity, mild conditions and excellent stability.

The invention provides a ceramic material with high-temperature phase stability and high fracture toughness as well as a preparation method and application of the ceramic material, and belongs to the technical field of thermal barrier coating materials for hydrogen mixing gas turbines. According to the preparation method, the block material is subjected to heat treatment in a vapor-containing atmosphere, under high-temperature vapor heat treatment, oxygen vacancies are formed due to reduction of oxygen partial pressure and overflow of lattice oxygen, formation of a metastable tetragonal phase (t ') is promoted, and a high-temperature phase of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is stabilized; moreover, the phase transformation temperature of YSZ martensite phase transformation is reduced through high-temperature water vapor, martensite laths are refined, and deflection and bridging of cracks are promoted through an increased lath interface; in addition, an extra ferroelastic domain change toughening mechanism is introduced into a t'phase formed under high-temperature water vapor, so that the fracture toughness of the YSZ is greatly improved.

The invention discloses a NiO and Ni (OH) 2 heterostructure oxygen evolution electrocatalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. Air plasma is adopted to irradiate the surface of the Ni (OH) 2 nanosheet growing on the foamed nickel in situ, the high-energy air plasma enables part of Ni (OH) 2 to be subjected to a dehydration reaction to generate NiO, the surface of the nanosheet is promoted to be rapidly reconstructed into a NiO and Ni (OH) 2 heterostructure, meanwhile, high-price Ni < 3 + > is generated, and the lattice oxygen mechanism is more easily excited. In a 1 mol L <-1 > KOH solution, compared with Ni (OH) 2, the overpotential of NiO and Ni (OH) 2 is reduced by 124 mV (at 50 mA cm <-2 >) and 155 mV (at 100 mA cm <-2 >); the Tafel slope is 80.42 mV * dec-1, which is far lower than the Tafel slope of 182.70 mV * dec-1 of Ni (OH) 2; and the turnover frequency is 0.1112 s <-1 > (at 370 mV), which is about 6.2 times of that of Ni (OH) 2 (0.0179 s <-1 >). The results show that the OER activity of the NiO and Ni (OH) 2 heterostructure formed by air plasma irradiation can be greatly improved. In addition, the NiO-coated Ni (OH) 2 self-supporting electrode also shows excellent alkaline oxygen evolution stability.

The application belongs to the technical field of two-dimensional nanomaterial electrocatalyst preparation, and particularly relates to an amorphous Sr-CoOOH v Ultra-thin nanosheet electrocatalyst, preparation method and application. Strontium-doped cobalt selenide nanobelt is prepared as a substrate by a hydrothermal method, and in-situ electrochemical reconstruction is generated under alkaline electrolytic water anode oxygen evolution reaction conditions. The Sr-CoOOH v The ultra-thin nanosheet can not only enhance cobalt-oxygen covalence to activate lattice oxygen, but also improve hydroxyl affinity to fill lattice oxygen due to the existence of metal cobalt vacancies, so that the catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity and durability in industrial application of anion exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production.