A method for calculating the impact compression reaction characteristics of energetic structural materials (ESMs) is proposed. The method combines impact dynamics and chemical reactionkinetics, and takes into account the static pressure parameters of products and the microstructure of materials. A theoretical model of impact reaction is established, and the wave specific volume, impact temperature, and reaction temperature of materials are calculated and corrected. The correlation mechanism between the microstructure and macroscopic reaction behavior of ESMs under impact compression is established, which effectively improves the calculation accuracy of the impact compression reaction characteristics of ESMs.