The invention discloses a head real-time control system and method for a small unmanned aerial vehicle for a land survey. The head real-time control system comprises a head three-axis drive system, a video camera, an MEMS sensor, a processor and a core controller; the core controller controls the head three-axis drive system to conduct adjustment according to the angle, needing to be adjusted, of the head three-axis device system, wherein the angle is obtained through the processor. According to the head real-time control system and method for the small unmanned aerial vehicle for the land survey, the unmanned aerial vehicle for aerial surveying can meet ideal precision requirements in flight attitude control and head stability control; particularly, a unique online image angle calculation method is added, a head is controlled really according to actually photographed image features, and the unmanned aerial vehicle can adapt to various complex environments; meanwhile, fuzzy PID control is combined with self-adaptive Kalman filter, a stable image can be obtained, and therefore the difficulty of post processing of the image is reduced.