43 results about "Charge conservation" patented technology

A battery model unit includes an electrode reaction model unit based on the Butler_Volmer equation, an electrolyte lithium concentration distribution model unit analyzing a lithium ion concentration distribution in an electrolyte solution by a diffusion equation, an active material lithium concentration distribution model unit analyzing an ion concentration distribution in a solid state of an active material by a diffusion equation, a current/potential distribution model unit for obtaining a potential distribution according to the charge conservation law, a thermal diffusion model unit and a boundary condition setting unit. The boundary condition setting unit (66) sets a boundary condition at an electrode interface such that a reacting weight at the electrode interface is not determined by a difference in material concentration between positions but a deviation from an electrochemically balanced state causes a change with time in lithium concentration at the interface and thus a (time-based) drive power for material transportation. Thereby, an appropriate charge/discharge control can be performed based on the battery model having the appropriately set battery condition.

The invention relates to a liquid crystal compound and its preparation method and use. The liquid crystal compound has a structure shown in the formula (I). Through specific combination of two end groups of the compound shown in the formula (I), the compound has the characteristics of low viscosity and high dielectric anisotropy so that the liquid crystal composition containing the compound solves the problem that the existing TFT-LCD has a response rate not fast enough, voltage not low enough and a charge conservation rate not high enough.

A method of simulating a surface acoustic wave (SAW) on a structure that is modeled on a computer or other processor-based device enables the testing of actual SAW devices or to develop improved SAW devices. In this method, the modeled structure is preferably that of a corrugated structure that includes an electrode disposed on top of a piezoelectric substrate. A meshfree method then is applied to the modeled structure using Newton's equation of motion and Gauss's equation of charge conservation as governing equations. Subsequently, a set of equations is solved simultaneously to obtain numerical results.

The invention discloses a first-stage circuit structure of a pipelined analog-to-digital converter, which comprises a 4-digit fully parallel analog-to-digital converter, a code circuit and a residue gain analog-to-digital converter. A two-phase non-overlapping clock is adopted, a sampling phase samples input voltage, and a maintaining phase amplifies residual voltage. The residue gain analog-to-digital converter consists of a sub analog-to-digital converter, a subtracter and a residue amplifier. During sampling, the 4-digit fully parallel analog-to-digital converter conducts comparison and quantification on the input voltage and generates a 16-digit thermometer code which is converted to a 4-digit binary output code by the encoder. A lower pole plate of a sampling capacitor array is connected with the input voltage, and an upper pole plate thereof is connected with a common mode level for sampling an input. During maintaining, the sub analog-to-digital converter outputs different voltages to the sampling capacitor array according to a control of the thermometer code; subtraction from the input voltage is accomplished according to twice charge conservation; and a feedback capacitor is in bridge connection with the two ends of the residue amplifier to amplify the residual voltage by 8 times for use by a backward-stage circuit.

An analog to digital converter (ADC) containing a sub-ADC to resolve at least some of the bits using successive approximation principle (SAP), while providing various improvements. According to one aspect, another sub-ADC is used to resolve some of the bits in parallel. According to another aspect, the sub-ADC using SAP is implemented using a charge redistribution principle, while another sub-ADC does not rely on charge conservation. According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a same component operates as a comparator when the sub-ADC using SAP resolves the corresponding bits, and operates as an amplifier when the sub-ADC generates a residue signal.

The invention provides a simulation reading preprocessing circuit used for a solid-state image sensor. The simulation reading preprocessing circuit comprises a correlated dual-sampling programmable gain amplification level shifting single-slippage switch capacitor network, an operational amplifier, a correlated level shifting network and a control signal generator, wherein the correlated dual-sampling programmable gain amplification level shifting single-slippage switch capacitor network is used for achieving collecting and preprocessing of signals output by a solid-state image sensor, the operational amplifier is used for achieving correlated dual-sampling, level shifting and single-slippage functions and functions of a programmable gain amplifier according to the virtual short circuit and charge conservation principle of two input ends of the operational amplifier, the correlated level shifting network is used for improving the equivalent gain of the operational amplifier and outputting final preprocessed signals, and the control signal generator is used for providing control signals. According to the simulation reading preprocessing circuit used for the solid-state image sensor, the CDS, PGA, LS and S2D circuit sharing operational amplifier technology is adopted, and functions of the simulation reading preprocessing circuit are achieved through the single operational amplifier, a switch and a capacitor.

The invention discloses an array substrate, a drive method thereof, a liquid crystal display panel and a display device. The array substrate comprises a substrate, pixel electrodes, compensation capacitors, control lines and a control circuit. The pixel electrodes are in a floating state after being charged, and the control circuit applies voltage with polarity identical to that of voltage on the pixel electrodes to the compensation capacitors. According to the capacitance and charge conservation principle, the voltage difference at two ends of each compensation capacitor is to keep the state when the pixel electrodes are charged, so that the voltage at the other end of the compensation capacitor changes identically when the control circuit applies voltage to one end of the compensation capacitor, and the voltage amplitude of the pixel electrodes is increased. When the array substrate is applied to the liquid crystal display panel, the voltage amplitude of the pixel electrodes is increased, the electric field controlling liquid crystal molecules to turn over is enhanced, and accordingly, response time of the liquid crystal molecules is shortened. The array substrate provided by the embodiment solves the problem of reduced liquid crystal response speed at a low temperature in the prior art, and the liquid crystal display quality is improved.

The invention relates to the field of electronics, and discloses a capacitor detection method and a capacitor detection circuit. According to the method, the voltage of a negative input end of an operational amplifier is adjusted to the required reference value, and the voltage of the upper end of a capacitor Cs to be detected can be limited to Vset in the charge transfer phase, i.e. the charge on a sampling capacitor Cs is not completely transferred onto an integrating capacitor Ci. Consequently, the charge conservation principle can also be utilized, and according to the voltage variation of the output end of the operational amplifier, the capacitance of the capacitor to be detected is calculated. Because the voltage of the negative input end of the operational amplifier is adjustable, even if the capacitor with the capacitance varies from a small miicromicro farad to hundreds of miicromicro farads is detected, the voltage of the output end of the operational amplifier can still be controlled within a reasonable scope through adjusting the voltage of the negative input end of the operational amplifier, and accordingly, the capacitor detection method is enabled to detect the capacitor with the capacitance which varies from a small miicromicro farad to hundreds of miicromicro farads.

The invention discloses an analog reading preprocessing circuit for a CMOS image sensor and a control method of the analog reading preprocessing circuit. The analog reading preprocessing circuit comprises an extended counting integration cycle-successive approximation mixed type analog-digital conversion capacitor network, an operational amplifier, a comparator and a control signal generator. The extended counting integration cycle -successive approximation mixed type analog-digital conversion capacitor network is used for achieving reading and analog-digital conversion of output signals of the CMOS image sensor; the operational amplifier is used for achieving the extended counting integration cycle-successive approximation mixed type analog-digital conversion function on the basis of virtual-short of the two input ends of the operational amplifier and the principle of charge conservation, and extended counting integration can effectively lower thermal noise and flicker noise in the image sensor. The comparator is used for comparing voltages of the two ends and completing signal quantization. The control signal generator is used for providing control signals.

The invention relates to a preparation method for a fluorine-doping Li4Ti5O12 nanosheet, and belongs to the technical field of production of an energy material of a lithium ion battery. The Li4Ti5O12 nanosheet is synthesized by a hydrothermal method, thus, the contact surface between a material and an electrode can be remarkably expanded, and the electrochemical performance of the material can be further improved; with the doping of fluorine atoms, a part of lattice oxygen atoms can be substituted by the fluorine atoms to form Ti-F bonds; according to charge conservation, the material charge is out of balance due to the introduction of F; in order to ensure the charge conservation of the material, a part of Ti<4+> can be converted to Ti<3+>, so that the conductivity of the material is improved; and through the doping of F, the obtained product is uniform in morphology, high in crystallinity and large in specific area, and the electrochemical performance at high rate can be remarkably improved.

The invention provides a charge pump circuit, which comprises twelve switches, three capacitors, six switch signals, a first clock signal and a second clock signal, wherein the six switch signals are used for controlling the twelve switches to be closed and broken off; the charge pump circuit comprises two input ends, namely a first input end and a second input end; the first clock signal and the second clock signal are respectively connected with the first capacitor and the second capacitor; according to the charge conservation principle of the capacitor and the charge pump circuit, the input voltage of the first input end and the input voltage of the second input end are respectively multiplied, the voltage of the first input end is reduced and then is output from the first output end and the voltage of the second input end is boosted and is then output from the second output end; and the voltage rise and voltage reduction are simultaneously realized by only using three capacitors. Therefore, according to the charge pump circuit, the area and the volume of a circuit board can be reduced.

The invention discloses a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display device thereof. The liquid crystal composition comprises one or more compounds in a general formula I-1 and/or I-2 with weight accounting for 1-30% of total weight of the liquid crystal composition; one or more compounds in a general formula II with weight accounting for 1-30% of total weight of the liquid crystal composition; one or more compounds in a general formula III with weight accounting for 15-55% of total weight of the liquid crystal composition; and one or more compounds in a general formula IV with weight accounting for 1-55% of total weight of the liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition has the characteristics of wide nematic phase temperature scope, high clearing point, low rotation viscosity, appropriate high optical anisotropy, appropriate large dielectric anisotropy, good low-temperature stability, and charge conservation rate, and is suitable for the liquid crystal display device.

The invention discloses a lithium battery safety detection method, comprising steps of transmitting a non-destructive detection ultrasonic signal by a lithium battery, wherein the detection ultrasonic signal penetrates and is reflected in the lithium battery, performing charge-discharge determination on the lithium battery, establishing a lithium battery charge conservation model, a quality conservation model and a electrochemical reaction dynamics model, establishing a thermal model in the working process of the lithium battery according to the electric performance and the electrochemical reaction of the model simulation lithium battery, performing 3D simulation on the thermal production process of the lithium battery to obtain a temperature changing simulation curve, performing charging and over-charging on the lithium battery, measuring the practical temperature changing curve and the voltage changing curve of the lithium battery in the processes of charging and over-charging, and detecting the safety performance of the over-charging of the lithium battery. The lithium battery safety detection method disclosed by the invention realizes a fast screening method for the lithium battery over-charging safety performance through the ultrasonic signal, charging-discharging detection and combining with the lithium battery charging safety performance detection.

The invention belongs to the technical field of physical and chemical test, and concretely relates to an apparatus for measuring the PCT curve of a material by using a solid state proton conductor, and a method thereof. The apparatus for measuring the PCT curve of a material by using a solid state proton conductor comprises a solid state proton conductor container, a DC source, a voltmeter, a transfer switch and an electric resistance furnace; when the material is measured, a DC voltage is applied to two electrodes of a proton conductor to measure the change curve of the current intensity of a circuit with the time, hydrogen in atmosphere electro-migrates to a material to be measured and capable of adsorbing hydrogen, and the hydrogen voltage can be calculated by measuring the electromotive force of a hydrogen concentration cell according to the principle of a conductor hydrogen concentration cell; and the content of hydrogen in the material can be calculated by measuring the change curve of the current according to a principle of charge conservation. The apparatus and the method enables the hydrogen pressure and the hydrogen content which are difficult to measure to be directly converted into electric signals, so it is easy to acquire and analyze data, thereby the apparatus and the method have the advantages of fast measurement, low cost and reliable data.

The invention discloses an experimental measuring method for stray capacitance of a transformer. The experimental measuring method comprises the steps of: making all distributed capacitors equivalentto a parasitic capacitor Cw connected to two ends of a primary winding of the transformer according to a transformer stray capacitance equivalent model; constructing a circuit for measuring stray capacitance of the transformer, wherein the circuit comprises an inverter half bridge, a resonance network and a rectification and filtering circuit which are sequentially connected; acquiring a current of an excitation inductor, driving a voltage of a switching tube Q2, drain-source voltages of the switching tube Q2 and waveforms of the output voltages, and reading a dead time, a dead time period excitation current value and a dead time period output voltage value of the waveforms; integrating output capacitance from 0 to an input voltage according to a C-V curve of the output capacitance of theswitching tube; and calculating a value of the stray capacitance of the transformer by adopting a charge conservation formula, thereby completing experimental measurement of the stray capacitance ofthe transformer. The experimental measuring method solves the problems of complicated calculation, large error and small application range of the traditional method, and can be used for measuring various types of transformers.

The invention discloses a calculation model for design and operation of an ammonia process desulfurization spray tower and an optimized regulation method and belongs to the technical field of ammonia process smoke desulfurization. Firstly, based on the characteristics of the ammonia process desulfurization process, the pH value, the smoke flow rate and the liquid-gas ratio are selected as parameters, and an ammonia process desulfurization SO2 absorption mass transfer coefficient expression with general applicability is established. On the basis, ionic-charge charge conservation and element material charge conservation in a liquid phase are analyzed, the gas-liquid dynamic balance relation in the SO2 absorption process in the spray tower is established through the combination with the thermodynamic property and ionic equilibrium principle of an NH3-SO2-H2O system, and a mathematic model capable of reflecting the spray tower ammonia process desulfurization SO2 absorption process is established. By means of the model, the influences of different technological conditions on the ammonia process desulfurization SO2 removal rate can be calculated, a theoretical direction can be provided for design and operation of the ammonia process desulfurization absorption tower in the industry, and great practical significance and engineering application value are achieved.

The invention provides a method for detecting ammonium sulfate and glycine content in sulfate black liquid. According to the invention, a formaldehyde titration method is employed for detecting total content of ammonium sulfate and a sodium hydroxide standard solution consumed by glycine, an auxiliary spectrum method for a principle of charge conservation is employed for detecting the ammonium sulfate content in a sample and the content of the sodium hydroxide standard solution consumed by ammonium sulfate, and finally the content of glycine can be calculated by a subtractive method. The method can accurately detect two substances of ammonium sulfate and glycine in the sulfate black liquid with one-time detection, the detection method can detect the other necessary test items in the black liquid, the detection time of the black liquid is saved, the detection efficiency is obviously increased, the detection result can be calculated by employing data processing software, the intermediate calculating processes are greatly reduced, the processes are simple, detection time is short, result is accurate and stable, and the high frequency medicine detection requirements in high-precision calendering copper foil anaphase surface treatment can be completely satisfied.

The invention discloses a hybrid melting foam extinguisher based on the charge conservation law. The hybrid melting foam extinguisher structurally comprises a handle, a fire extinguisher main body, asupporting base, a horn spraying nozzle and a jet control device. The hybrid melting foam extinguisher based on the charge conservation law achieves that when the foam extinguisher needs to be used toextinguish a fire, static aluminum carbonate and sodium bicarbonate in the fire extinguisher are subjected to hybrid treatment through cooperation of an air pressure spiral casing and a floating netcover before being jetted, molten materials are correspondingly blended under cooperation of spaced solenoids, meanwhile, negative and positive ions released by corona of a miniature ionized block areblown to the swelling carbon dioxide in a material passing pipe through an ionizing air gun, so that the static electricity generated by the carbon dioxide can be well neutralized, accordingly the carbon dioxide jetted by the fire extinguisher can well blending colloidal particles, and thus the effects of preventing short circuit and explosion of equipment and electronic appliances in a fire occurring site can be achieved.

The invention discloses a charge pump. The charge pump comprises N stages of voltage boosting circuits, wherein N in the N stages of voltage boosting circuits is an integer greater than 1; each stage of the voltage boosting circuit comprises a main capacitor; and in the output direction of voltage signals in the N stages of voltage boosting circuits, the main capacitance value in the former stage of the voltage boosting circuits is higher than or equal to that in the next stage of the voltage boosting circuits. Based on a condition of an unchanged main capacitive area, the main capacitance value in each stage is re-allocated; according to charge conservation, the charges in the next stage of the main capacitor are transmitted by the main capacitor in the former stage; if the main capacitance value of the former stage is greater than or equal to that of the next stage, the quantity of charges transmitted from the former stage to the next stage is increased, so that the speed of boosting the output voltage of the charge pump to a stable value is improved; when the main capacitance value of the former stage is higher, the more charges can be stored; and meanwhile, the capacitance value in the next stage is lower, however, the quantity of charges obtained by the capacitor in the next stage in one time is still increased.

The invention discloses a large-size electrode initial streamer stage space charge dynamic distribution calculation method. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1) building a large-size electrode discharge process high-potential current and space electric field intensity combined monitoring platform under positive polarity operation impact, and collecting the discharge process high-potential current i (t) and space electric field intensity E (t) data; S2) performing time-sharing integration on the discharge current if (t) in the high-potential current i (t) to obtain the free charge increment delta Qf (t) injected into the positive electrode end at each moment in the initial streamer stage; S3) counting the space electric field intensity jump increment delta E (t) at each moment in the initial streamer stage, and obtaining the electric field intensity jump increment delta Es (t) caused by the space charge increment delta Qs (t) at each moment according to the charge conservation principle; and S4) inverting the space charge distribution condition at each moment by using a charge simulation method to obtain a dynamic space charge distribution change rule in the initial discharge streamer stage of the positive polarity large-size electrode. The method provided by the invention can lay a foundation for revealing a guide mechanism of space charges to streamer discharge development.