248results about How to "Lower energy barrier" patented technology

A gas-phase method for producing high yields of single-wall carbon nanotubes with high purity and homogeneity is disclosed. The method involves using preformed metal catalyst clusters to initiate and grow single-wall carbon nanotubes. In one embodiment, multi-metallic catalyst precursors are used to facilitate the metal catalyst cluster formation. The catalyst clusters are grown to the desired size before mixing with a carbon-containing feedstock at a temperature and pressure sufficient to initiate and form single-wall carbon nanotubes. The method also involves using small fullerenes and preformed sections of single-wall carbon nanotubes, either derivatized or underivatized, as seed molecules for expediting the growth and increasing the yield of single-wall carbon nanotubes. The multi-metallic catalyst precursors and the seed molecules may be introduced into the reactor by means of a supercritical fluid. In addition the seed molecules may be introduced into the reactor via an aerosol or smoke.

A photocatalytic/thermocatalytic coating includes an inner layer of metal/titanium dioxide or metal oxide/titanium dioxide that is applied on a honeycomb and an outer layer of titanium dioxide or metal oxide doped titanium dioxide applied on the inner layer. The inner layer of can be gold/titanium dioxide, platinum/titanium dioxide, or manganese oxide/titanium dioxide. The outer layer of titanium dioxide or metal oxide doped titanium dioxide oxides volatile organic compounds to carbon dioxide, water, and other substances. As the outer layer is thin and porous, the contaminants in the air can diffuse through the outer layer and adsorb onto the inner layer. When photons of the ultraviolet light are absorbed by the coating, reactive hydroxyl radicals are formed that oxidize the contaminant to produce water, carbon dioxide, and other substances.

Interfaces between layers in a light emitting element are eliminated by using a light emitting element with a mixed region comprising a hole transporting material and an electron transporting material. The light emitting element may further comprise a region with a dopant. By using this light emitting element, an organic luminescent element of low power consumption and long life is achieved, and the light emitting element can be used to manufacture a luminescent device and an electric appliance.

A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device having MONOS type memory cells of increased efficiency by hot electron injection and improved scaling characteristics includes a channel forming region in the vicinity of a surface of a substrate, first and second impurity regions, acting as a source and a drain in operation, formed in the vicinity of the surface of the substrate sandwiching the channel forming region between them, a gate insulating film stacked on the channel forming region and having a plurality of films, and a charge storing means that is formed in the gate insulating film dispersed in the plane facing the channel forming region. A bottom insulating film includes a dielectric film that exhibits a FN type electroconductivity and makes the energy barrier between the bottom insulating film and the substrate lower than that between silicon dioxide and silicon.

A light emitting device is provided which has a structure for lowering energy barriers at interfaces between layers of a laminate organic compound layer. A mixed layer (105) composed of a material that constitutes an organic compound layer (1) (102) and a material that constitutes an organic compound layer (2) (103) is formed at the interface between the organic compound layer (1) (102) and the organic compound layer (2) (103). The energy barrier formed between the organic compound layer (1) (102) and the organic compound layer (2) (103) thus can be lowered.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a graphene film in a low-temperature condition. The method at least comprises the following steps: (1), performing smooth treatment on a metal substrate; (2), performing doping of a chemical reagent on the surface of the metal substrate obtained in the step (1); (3), under a protective atmosphere, performing annealing treatment on the metal substrate obtained in the step (1); (4), contacting the metal substrate with a carbon source, and performing chemical vapor deposition in the low-temperature condition to obtain the graphene film; and optionally, after the step (4), performing step (5), stopping heating, cooling to the room temperature, and taking out the metal substrate with the graphene film thereon, wherein the chemical reagent is a precursor salt of metal. The method for growing the graphene film is low in growth temperature, low in cost, high in industrialized feasibility and wide in select range of the substrate, and can prepare the complete single-layer or multi-layer graphene film with high quality.

This invention provides method for sustained release delivery of structurally delicate agents such as proteins and peptides. Using a unique emulsion system (Stable polymer aqueous-aqueous emulsion), proteins and peptides can be microencapsulated in polysacchride glassy particles under a condition free of any chemical or physical hazard such as organic solvents, strong interfacial tension, strong shears, elevated temperature, large amount of surfactants, and cross-linking agents. Proteins loaded in these glassy particles showed strong resistance to organic solvents, prolonged activity in hydrated state, and an excellent sustained release profile with minimal burst and incomplete release when being further loaded in degradable polymer microspheres. This invention provides a simple yet effective approach to address all the technical challenges raised in sustained release delivery of proteins.

The invention relates to a writable magnetic element comprising a stack of layers presenting a write magnetic layer, wherein the stack has a central layer of at least one magnetic material presenting a direction of magnetization that is perpendicular to the plane of the central layer, said central layer being sandwiched between first and second outer layers of non-magnetic materials, the first outer layer comprising a first non-magnetic material and the second outer layer comprising a second non-magnetic material that is different from the first non-magnetic material, at least the second non-magnetic material being electrically conductive, and wherein it includes a device for causing current to flow through the second outer layer in a current flow direction parallel to the plane of the central layer, and a device for applying a magnetic field along a magnetic field direction that is perpendicular to the plane of the central layer.

A solid-state quantum computing qubit includes a multi-terminal junction coupled to a superconducting loop where the superconducting loop introduces a phase shift to the superconducting order parameter. The ground state of the supercurrent in the superconducting loop and multi-terminal junction is doubly degenerate, with two supercurrent ground states having distinct magnetic moments. These quantum states of the supercurrents in the superconducting loop create qubits for quantum computing. The quantum states can be initialized by applying transport currents to the external leads. Arbitrary single qubit operations may be performed by varying the transport current and/or an externally applied magnetic field. Read-out may be performed using direct measurement of the magnetic moment of the qubit state, or alternatively, radio-frequency single electron transistor electrometers can be used as read-out devices when determining a result of the quantum computing. Further, qubits as described above can form arrays of qubits for performing controlled quantum computing calculations. In one example, an array of qubits can be utilized as a random number generator.

According to example embodiments, an electrode structure includes a graphene layer on a semiconductor layer and an electrode containing metal on the graphene layer. A field effect transistor (FET) may include the electrode structure.

Voltage-switched magneto-resistive random access memory (MRAM) employing separate read operation circuit paths from a shared spin torque write operation circuit path is disclosed. The MRAM includes an MRAM array that includes MRAM bit cell rows each including a plurality of MRAM bit cells. MRAM bit cells on an MRAM bit cell row share a common electrode to provide a shared write operation circuit path for write operations. Dedicated read operation circuit paths are also provided for each MRAM bit cell separate from the write operation circuit path. As a result, the read operation circuit paths for the MRAM bit cells do not vary as a result of the different layout locations of the MRAM bit cells with respect to the common electrode. Thus, the read parasitic resistances of the MRAM bit cells do not vary from each other because of their different coupling locations to the common electrode.

It is an object to provide an electrode for an organic field-effect transistor having a semiconductor layer formed of an organic semiconductor material (in the present invention, referred to as an organic field-effect transistor), which can reduce the energy barrier at an interface with the semiconductor layer. A composite layer including an organic compound and a metal oxide is used for the electrode for the organic field-effect transistor, in other words the composite layer is used for at least a part of either a source electrode or a drain electrode in the organic field-effect transistor

A system for producing a fuel gas from a carbon-containing material is provided that includes a non-thermal plasma generator, an electric power source, a process stream inlet, and a product stream outlet. The non-thermal plasma generator includes a high voltage electrode separated from a grounded electrode by a modification passage. Moreover, a dielectric layer exists between the high voltage electrode and the grounded electrode. The electric power source is energizable to create non-thermal electrical microdischarges within the modification passage. As the process gas flows through the system, the carbon-containing material is converted to fuel gas.

An improved process for treating teeth using a teeth cover, a treatment agent, and a catalytic source. The cover can be fitted by the wearer, instead of having to go to a dentist, by placing it against the teeth in one or both arches. A treatment agent is placed inside the cover, an external catalytic source catalyzes the agent, and the agent is placed against the teeth for a beneficial treatment. The treatment time is shortened by the process.

The invention discloses a flame-retardant antistatic wood powder/polypropylene wood-plastic composite material with silane modified conductive carbon black and a preparation method of the composite material, and relates to a wood-plastic composite material and a preparation method thereof. The wood-plastic composite material with silane modified conductive carbon black as an antistatic agent and expansible graphite as a flame retardant is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of wood powder, 30-50 parts of polypropylene, 5-30 parts of silane modified conductive carbon black, 5-30 parts of expansible graphite, 3-10 parts of an m-isopropenyl-alpha, alpha-dimethyl benzyl isocyanate grafted polypropylene coupling reagent, and 0.1-1 part of antioxidant. The use amount of the conductive carbon black is lowered greatly; besides, the flame-retardant property, the physical and mechanical properties and the heat-resisting property of the wood powder/polypropylene composite material are improved, so that the wood powder/polypropylene composite material disclosed by the invention is superior to the existing flame-retardant anti-static wood powder/polypropylene composite material in each property.

An organic electro-luminescent device comprising a first substrate, a conductive layer and a second substrate is provided. A first electrode layer and an organic functional layer are sequentially laid on the first substrate. A second electrode is laid on the second substrate. The conductive layer is sandwiched between the second electrode layer and the organic functional layer. The second electrode layer is electrically connected to the organic functional layer through the conductive layer. Because the second electrode layer is disposed on the second substrate individually, one has no misgiving about damaging the other film layers during the fabrication of the second electrode layer. In other words, the organic electro-luminescent device has a wider processing window.

A method of fabricating pillared graphene assembles alternate layers of graphene sheets and fullerenes to form a stable protostructure. Energy is added to the protostructure to break the carbon-carbon bonds at the fullerene-to-graphene attachment points of the protostructure and allow the bonds to reorganize and reform into a stable lower energy unitary pillared graphene nanostructure in which open nanotubes are conjoined between graphene sheets. The attachment points may be functionalized using tether molecules to aid in attachment, and add chemical energy to the system. The arrangement and attachment spacing of the fullerenes may be determined using spacer molecules or an electric potential.

The invention relates to a bimetallic sulfide composite electrocatalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The electrocatalyst comprises a foamed nickel substrate and bimetallic sulfides growing on the foamed nickel substrate to form a 2D nano structure, and the bimetallic sulfides are NiS/Co9S8; the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) foamed nickel is pretreated; 2) thiourea and Co(NO3).6H2O are dissolved in water, then the pretreated foam nickel is added, hydrothermal reaction is carried out, and then cooling, washing and drying are carried out to obtain the bimetallic sulfide composite electrocatalyst; and the electrocatalyst is used in electrocatalytic oxygen evolution or electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Compared with the prior art, the preparation process of the electrocatalyst is simple, safe and cheap; the electrocatalyst is high in catalytic activity and low in reaction energy barrier, has more activand e sites, and shortens the path of electron transfer; and the specific surface area is large, the electron transfer efficiency is improved, and the long-time stability is realized.