1831 results about "Metal grid" patented technology

One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for fabricating solar cells. During operation, an anti-reflection layer is deposited on top of a semiconductor structure to form a photovoltaic structure, and a front-side electrode grid comprising a metal stack is formed on top of the photovoltaic structure. The metal stack comprises a metal-adhesive layer comprising Ti or Ta, and a conducting layer comprising Cu or Ag situated above the metal-adhesive layer.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a solar cell. The solar cell includes a photovoltaic structure, a transparent-conductive-oxide (TCO) layer situated above the photovoltaic structure, and a front-side metal grid situated above the TCO layer. The TCO layer is in contact with the front surface of the photovoltaic structure. The metal grid includes at least one of: Cu and Ni.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a solar module. The solar module includes a front-side cover, a back-side cover, and a plurality of solar cells situated between the front- and back-side covers. A respective solar cell includes a multi-layer semiconductor structure, a front-side electrode situated above the multi-layer semiconductor structure, and a back-side electrode situated below the multi-layer semiconductor structure. Each of the front-side and the back-side electrodes comprises a metal grid. A respective metal grid comprises a plurality of finger lines and a single busbar coupled to the finger lines. The single busbar is configured to collect current from the finger lines.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a solar cell with shade-free front electrode. The solar cell includes a photovoltaic body, a front-side ohmic contact layer situated above the photovoltaic body, a back-side ohmic contact layer situated below the photovoltaic body, a front-side electrode situated above the front-side ohmic contact layer, and a back-side electrode situated below the back-side ohmic contact layer. The front-side electrode includes a plurality of parallel metal grid lines, and the surface of at least one metal grid line is curved, thereby allowing incident light hitting the curved surface to be reflected downward and absorbed by the solar cell surface adjacent to the metal grid line.

A transmission electron microscope (TEM) micro-grid includes a metallic grid and a carbon nanotube film structure covered thereon. A method for making a TEM micro-grid includes the steps of: (a) providing an array of carbon nanotubes, quite suitably, providing a super-aligned array of carbon nanotubes; (b) drawing a carbon nanotube film from the array of carbon nanotubes; (c) covering the carbon nanotube film on a metallic grid, and treating the carbon nanotube film and the metallic grid with an organic solvent.

A laminate donor element can be used to transfer a composite of a metal grid and an electronically conductive polymer to a receiver sheet for use in various devices. The laminate donor element has a donor substrate, a metal grid that is disposed over only portions of the donor substrate, leaving portions of the substrate uncovered by the metal grid, and an electronically conductive polymer that covers the portions of the donor substrate that are uncovered by the metal grid. The composite of metal grid and electronically conductive polymer exhibits a peel force of less than or equal to 40 g/cm for separation from the donor substrate at room temperature. The resulting article has a substrate on which a reverse composite of the metal grid and electronically conductive polymer is disposed, which article can be incorporated into various devices.

A method for making transmission electron microscope gird is provided. An array of carbon nanotubes is provided and drawing a carbon nanotube film from the array of carbon nanotubes. A substrate has a plurality of spaced metal girds attached on the substrate. The metal girds are covered with the carbon nanotube film and treating the carbon nanotube film and the metal girds with organic solvent. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) grid is obtained by removing remaining CNT film.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a composite transparent conductive electrode based on a metal grid and a metal nano-wire. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a template solution; (2) manufacturing a sacrificial layer template; (3) depositing a metal thin film; (4) removing the sacrificial layer template; (5) synthesizing the metal nano-wire; and (6) coating the metal nano-wire to prepare the composite transparent conductive electrode. The composite transparent conductive electrode prepared by the method has excellent photoelectric property and environment stability; meanwhile, the electrode in a photoelectric device can be easily in contact with other functional layers; the preparation process is simple and the resource consumption is low; the composite transparent conductive electrode is a good substitute of a traditional metal oxide electrode, and the efficiency of a solar battery can be improved and the cost is reduced.

The invention discloses an explosion-proof heat-preservation multifunctional sheet material of a foaming concrete sandwich and a preparation method of the material. The sheet material comprises an outer wall heat-preservation sheet material core body; and explosion-proof light mortar outer protection plates are respectively spliced on the surfaces of the two sides of the outer wall heat-preservation sheet material core body. The explosion-proof heat-preservation multifunctional sheet material of the foaming concrete sandwich has stronger explosion-proof capability and can be used for protecting the safety and stability of a main body structure of a building under the effect of protecting an explosive load; and the heat-preservation, heat-insulation, fireproof, environmentally-friendly performances and the like of the explosion-proof heat-preservation multifunctional sheet material are better than those of like products. The method comprises the following steps of: A, preparing an explosion-proof and light-weight mortar outer protection plate; and B, preparing a foaming concrete core body. The heat-preservation, heat-insulation, fireproof, environmentally-friendly performances and the like of the explosion-proof heat-preservation multifunctional sheet material are better than those of like products and the construction process is simple. Panels on the two sides of the explosion-proof heat-preservation multifunctional sheet material of the foaming concrete sandwich are made of high-strength and light-weight mortar and the strength of the panels is higher. When the panels are cast and molded, a metal grid reinforcing layer is additionally arranged so that the panels have stronger anti-explosion capability.

A polarized light source device comprises a light source, a reflector, a transparent substrate, an antireflection layer, and a plurality of metal grid wires. The reflector surrounds the light source for reflecting the light, and has an opening for emitting the light. The transparent substrate is disposed at the opening. The antireflection layer is disposed on the transparent substrate. The metal grid wires are disposed on the antireflection layer for transmitting the light with a predetermined polarization therethrough.

One embodiment of the present invention provides a bifacial solar panel. The bifacial solar panel includes a first transparent cover on a first side of the solar panel, a second transparent cover on a second side of the solar panel, a plurality of solar cells sandwiched between the first cover and the second cover, and one or more lead wires for outputting power generated by the solar panel. The lead wires are positioned on an edge of the solar panel without shading the first and second sides of the solar panel. A respective solar cell comprises a photovoltaic structure, a first metal grid on the first side of the photovoltaic structure, which allows the solar cell to absorb light from the first side, and a second metal grid on the second side of the photovoltaic structure, which allows the solar cell to absorb light from the second side.

The invention provides a simulation experiment device and a method of alternating current, direct current and impact performance of a large earth screen. The device mainly comprises a rectangular simulated slot, an earth screen model equivalently reduced, an alternating and direct current experimental power supply, an impact current generator and a precise positioning system, and is characterized in that metal grids are laid on four walls and the bottom inside the rectangular simulated slot, so as to form a mesh backflow electrode; a liquid medium is injected into the slot; the earth screen model is designed and manufactured according to the experimental objective and content; the precise positioning system comprises an electrically controlled traveling crane and a total station; and the electric potential in any position in the rectangular simulated slot is convenient to measure at a fixed point through the coordination work of the electrically controlled traveling crane and the total station. The simulation experiment device and the method can meet the experimental research on direct current, power frequency and impact grounding properties of the large earth screen, can also be extensively applied to the fields, such as the experimental research of influence on aquatic organism and metal pipelines by an alternating and direct current system and corrosive property, and the like, and have the advantages of simplicity in operation, large power capacity, durability, flexibility and diversity in refitment and the like.

The invention relates to a flexible polymer solar battery of an anode layer of a metal grid, which comprises a flexible substrate, an anode layer, a hole transport layer, an active layer, an electron transfer layer and an Al electrode cathode and is characterized in that the anode layer is made from one or more of composition metal wire grid materials of Ag, Cu, and Ni. In the solar battery, a silver, copper and nickel (Ag: Cu: Ni) metal grid/LiF combined electrode is used as the anode; compared with the battery prepared by a common flexible substrate ITO electrode, the flexible solar battery prepared by taking P3HT/PCB as the active layer can show up better performance; after a layer of lithium fluoride (LiF) layer with the thickness of 2nm is added between the Ag: Cu: Ni metal grid and the polythiophene derivative doped polystyrolsulfon acid (PEDOT: PSS) layer, the film formation of PEDOT: PSS on the surface of the anode is improved, the balance between the hole and the electron transport is enhanced, and compared with the battery with the common flexible substrate ITO electrodes, the energy conversion efficiency is obviously improved.

One embodiment relates to a structure for a solar cell. The structure includes a silicon substrate with P-type and N-type active diffusion regions therein. An oxynitride passivation layer is included at least over the P-type and N-type active diffusion regions. The structure further includes contact openings through the oxynitride passivation layer to the P-type and N-type active diffusion regions, and metal grid lines which selectively contact the P-type and N-type active diffusion regions by way of the contact openings. Another embodiment relates to a method of fabricating a solar cell. Other embodiments, aspects and features are also disclosed.

The lightweight bulletproof metal matrix macrocomposites (MMMC) contain (a) 10-99 vol. % of permeable skeleton structure of titanium, titanium aluminide, Ti-based alloys, and/or mixtures thereof infiltrated with low-melting metal selected from Al, Mg, or their alloys, and (b) 1-90 vol. % of ceramic and/or metal inserts positioned within said skeleton, whereby a normal projection area of each of said inserts is equal to or larger than the cross-section area of a bullet or a projectile body. The MMMC are manufactured as flat or solid-shaped, double-layer, or multi-layer articles containing the same inserts or different inserts in each layer, whereby insert projections of each layer cover spaces between inserts of the underlying layer. The infiltrated metal contains 1-70 wt. % of Al and Mg in the balance, optionally, alloyed with Ti, Si, Zr, Nb, V, as well as with 0-3 wt. % of TiB2, SiC, or Si3N4 sub-micron powders, to promote infiltrating and wetting by Al-containing alloys. The manufacture includes (a) forming the permeable metal powder and inserts into the skeleton-structured preform by positioning inserts in the powder followed by loose sintering in vacuum to provide the average porosity of 20-70%, (b) heating and infiltrating the porous preform with molten infiltrating metal for 10-40 min at 450-750° C., (c) hot isostatic pressing of the infiltrated composite, and (d) re-sintering or diffusion annealing. The positioning of the ceramic inserts in Ti-based powder is carried out by using a metal grid aiding the placement of inserts in a predetermined geometric pattern, and said grid becomes the integral part of the macrocomposite material. The technology is suitable for the manufacture of flat or shaped metal matrix macrocomposites having improved ductility and impact energy absorption such as lightweight bulletproof plates and sheets for airplane, helicopter, and automotive applications.

A waveguide includes a dielectric substrate having first and second opposed surfaces defining a longitudinal wave propagation path therebetween; and a conductive grid on the first surface of the substrate and comprising a plurality of substantially parallel metal strips, each defining an axis. The grid renders the first surface of the substrate opaque to a longitudinal electromagnetic wave propagating along the longitudinal wave propagation path and polarized in a direction substantially parallel to the axes of the strips. The grid allows the first surface of the substrate to be transparent to a transverse electromagnetic wave having a transverse propagation path that intersects the first and second surfaces of the substrate and having a polarization in a direction substantially normal to the plurality of metal strips. A diffraction grating on the second surface allows the waveguide to function as an antenna element that may be employed in a beam-steering antenna system.

The invention provides a flexible touch panel. The flexible touch panel is divided into at least two non-bending regions and bending regions connecting every two adjacent non-bending regions. The flexible touch panel comprises a metal grid layer, wherein the metal grid layer comprises multiple independent first touch electrode units formed through patterning of first metal grids, the first touch electrode units are distributed at intervals corresponding to the bending regions, and each first metal grid is an electric lead with multiple hollowed-out patterns. Through the flexible touch panel, bending stress borne by the first touch electrode units can be reduced when the bending regions are bent, and therefore the risk of cracking of the first metal grids during bending is lowered. The invention furthermore provides a touch display screen provided with the flexible touch panel and a touch display device provided with the flexible touch panel.

Said invented belongs to nano material in situ characterization field. Said invented method contains putting nano line in organic solvent organic solvent, after ultrasonic dispersion 10-30 minute becoming suspension, dropping on metal grid coated with 60-120 nm collodion supporting film to make nano attached at supporting film, fixing metal grid on sample holder and putting in transmission electron microscope, measuring nano line unstretched length and diameter, adjusting transmission electron microscope beam voltage beam voltage as 80 KV to 400 KV and beam density as 20th power of 10 to 8X30th power of 10 electron/square centimeter second, to make collodion supporting film and nano line generating deformation, real time in situ recording nano line structural changes in deformation process, measuring nano line length line length and diameter after deformation, calculating nano length and diameter ratio and maximum strain quantity. Said invented has low cost and simple technology, capable of revealling one dimension nano line mechanical property from nano and atom level.

The invention discloses a rock and soil disintegration test device as well as a using method. A base is connected with fulcrum bars; a vertical stretching valve is connected with the fulcrum bars respectively; a fulcrum bar is provided with a horizontal stretching valve, and a second hook is hung on the fulcrum bar; one end of a spring-loaded thrust meter is connected with the second hook; the lower part of the other end of the spring-loaded thrust meter is connected with the hook; copper wires are fastened to four edge corners of a metal grid net, and at the other end, the copper wires are twisted into a strand to be hung on the hook; rock and soil test samples are placed on the metal grid net, and then are immersed into a flask. The using method of the rock and soil disintegration test device comprises the following steps: (1) a no-load test, namely pouring distilled water into the flask, and recording the reading number F0 on the spring-loaded thrust meter; (2) rock and soil test sample manufacture, namely manufacturing a soil test sample and a rock test sample respectively by a cutting ring and a cutter; (3) a disintegration test, namely placing the rock and soil test samples on the metal grid net, and immersing into water, thus completing the test; (4) data processing. The rock and soil disintegration test device is simple in structure, easy to assemble and debug, low in cost, high in precision, good in stability and high in applicability, and can be widely applied to rock and soil engineering science research.

The invention relates to a metal grid forming method, comprising the following steps: forming a gate dielectric layer on a substrate; forming an imaging amorphous carbon layer on the gate dielectric layer; forming a side wall surrounding the imaging amorphous carbon layer; forming a interlevel dielectric layer coating the imaging amorphous carbon layer and the side wall; flattening the interlevel dielectric layer and exposing the imaging amorphous carbon layer; removing the imaging amorphous carbon layer by oxygen ashing process to form grooves in the interlevel dielectric layer; forming metal layers to fill the grooves and coat the interlevel dielectric layer. The invention also provides another metal grid forming method. The surface damage of the substrate supporting the metal grid can be reduced by both of the methods.