The invention belongs to the field of sodium-ion battery materials, and discloses a sodium-rich transition metal oxide composite sodium-supplementing positive electrode active material. The material is characterized by comprising a sodium-ion battery positive electrode active material and a sodium-supplementing additive; the sodium-supplementing additive is a sodium-rich transition metal oxide ofwhich the chemical formula is NaxMOy, wherein M is one or more of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Ru, Ir, Sn, Cr, Cu, Nb and Mo, x is 1-6, and y is 1-4; the average valence state of M in the sodium-supplementing additive is not higher than the highest oxidation valence state of M. The specific capacity of the sodium-supplementing additive is far higher than that of a conventional positive electrode active material; sodium ions can be removed before or together with the conventional active material in a charging process, meanwhile, the structure of the sodium-supplementing additive is changed, and sodium vacancies in the transition metal layer of the sodium-supplementing additive are difficult to fill.