1613 results about "Clay minerals" patented technology

Nanocomposites may be produced by mixing dispersions of polymers and dispersions of clay minerals. After mixing, the dispersions may be destabilized with the addition of appropriate compounds. The flocculated solid material exhibits characteristics of a nanocomposite, such as exfoliation of the clay mineral platelets as indicated by x-ray diffraction analysis.

The invention relates to a biochar-containing composition comprising biochar having organic matter therein and / or thereon, clay associated, optionally intercalated, with the organic matter, a non-clay mineral and optionally also a plant growth promoter.

The invention discloses a passivating agent for governing heavy metal contaminated soil and a preparation and use method of the passivating agent. The passivating agent comprises, in weight percent, 30%-50% of clay minerals, 10%-20% of phosphate, 10%-15% of reducing agents, 10%-15% of sulfide and 15%-20% of alkaline substances. The preparation method includes a step: mixing the clay minerals, the phosphate, the reducing agents, the sulfide and the alkaline substances to mix to obtain the passivating agent. The use method includes the steps: firstly, crushing the heavy metal contaminated soil; secondly, adding the passivating agent into the crushed heavy metal contaminated soil; thirdly, adding water into the crushed heavy metal contaminated soil added the passivating agent to uniformly mix, maintaining the uniformly mixed soil on site, and enabling the passivating agent and heavy metal in the soil to sufficiently react. The passivating agent can effectively meet the urgent requirements of current Chinese heavy metal contaminated soil for high stability, no secondary pollution, durable and stable effect and low cost.

System and method for characterizing formation properties based on NMR measurements. NMR clay measurements of this invention distinguish between interstitial pore water and the water adsorbed by the clay minerals. The measurements can be used to determine the quantity of adsorbed water in different clays and correct previously available data obtained using conventional density and neutron porosity logs. A new petrophysical parameter wetness clay is defined as an intrinsic parameter for clays, and its value is computed for members of the smectite group of clays, such as montmorillonite. The wet clay values for the density, neutron logs based on the adsorbed water in clays are used to enhance the quality and accuracy of the overall log interpretation.

The invention discloses a glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material with low odor and a preparation method thereof. The glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material comprises the following components: 32-91% of polypropylene resin, 5-50% of glass fiber, 2-8% of compatilizer, 1-6% of odor inhibitor and 1-4% of other auxiliary agent. The reinforced polypropylene material with low odor is prepared by fusing, extruding and granulating the components through a double screw extruder under the temperature control condition of 220-240 DEG C. The odor inhibitor comprises 30-50% of ricinoleic acid zinc, 20-40% of metal oxide and 10-30% of a clay mineral system. The odor of the glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material can be inhibited through combining a physical method and a chemical method. The glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material prepared by the method has excellent odor performance; the odor level can be reduced below level 3; the physical property of the glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material per se is not influenced after the odor inhibitor is added; and the application field of the glass fiber reinforced polypropylene material in vehicle interior trim parts and a part of home appliance parts can be widened.

The invention provides a cement slurry with long-term-integrity cement sheath for a heavy-oil thermal-recovery well. The cement slurry comprises, by weight, 100 parts of thermally responsive cement, 25 to 65 parts of water and 0.2 to 8 parts of a cement slurry aid. The thermally responsive cement comprises 30 to 60 parts of oil well cement, 10 to 20 parts of active silicon powder, 0 to 10 parts of hollow glass beads and 10 to 50 parts of a thermally responsive composite material. The thermally responsive composite material comprises 20 to 30 parts of clay mineral, 10 to 20 parts of fly ash and / or vulcanic ash, 5 to 20 parts of rubber powder and / or latex powder, 3 to 10 parts of carbon fiber, 10 to 15 parts of nanometer silicon dioxide, 5 to 10 parts of calcined magnesia, 10 to 20 parts of ultrafine superfine slag powder and 5 to 10 parts of inorganic whiskers. The cement slurry provided by the invention can solidify at normal temperature; and set cement can resist long-term high temperature, and the mechanical properties and thermal properties of the set cement in a high temperature environment are integrally adaptive to strata and casing pipes.

A transparent multilayer structure is disclosed such as a flexible self-supporting container for a flowable food product such as fruit juice. The transparent multilayer structure possesses superior barrier properties to oxygen, water vapor and aromatic gases. The multilayer structure may include an exterior layer having a metal oxide deposition laminated to an interior layer through use of an adhesive. In one embodiment, the metal oxide is SiOx where x has a value between 1.5 and 2.2 thereby allowing for a transparent multilayer structure. The metal oxide may be deposited on the exterior layer through a number of various methods. An exemplary method is plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The exterior layer may be composed of a polymer material integrated with a clay mineral between 0.1% and 10% weight of the polymer material. The polymer material may be selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, copolymers of polyethylene terephthalate and mixtures thereof.

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and restoration and in particular relates to an environmental-friendly heavy metal stabilizer used for soil restoration of an industrial pollution site and an application method thereof. The environmental-friendly heavy metal stabilizer is prepared from the following material components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of clay mineral, 17-24 parts of adsorbing material, 10-18 parts of heavy metal chelating agent, 4-8 parts of heavy metal precipitating agent and 10-15 parts of alkaline modifier. Main ingredients of the adopted stabilizer are natural materials, heavy metal pollutant in soil can be rapidly and effectively stabilized through composite action such as chelating, precipitation and adsorption; the heavy metal pollutant is stabilized for a long time, toxicity and biological availability of the heavy metal pollutant can be reduced, risk of the heavy metal polluted soil to the environment and human health is reduced, and the heavy metal polluted soil is restored; besides, a soil texture improving ingredient is contained, so that soil is restored while tillability of the soil is improved.

A stabilizer suitable for heavy metal contaminated soil and an application method thereof belong to the technical field of contaminated soil remediation treatment. The invention is characterized in that: the soil stabilizer comprises the following components by mass: 5%-8% of heavy metal chelants, 10%-20% of gelled materials, 50%-65% of clay mineral, 10%-15% of alkaline excitants; the gelled material, clay mineral and alkaline excitant are mixed and grinded to obtain a Blaine specific surface area of 5000-8000 cm2 / g; the mixture is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, and the water content is less than 3%; the heavy metal chelant is prepared into a solution by water with a mass percent of the chelant being 20%-40%. The stabilizer and soil are uniformly mixed, and conserved for above 5 days. The main components of the stabilizer are mostly natural materials; after the stabilizer is used, heavy metal contaminants in soil can be rapidly and effectively stabilized, and the toxicity of the contaminants is reduced. The materials used are economical and easily available, and do not cause secondary contamination, and the stabilizer is a rapid and high-efficient stabilizer for heavy metal contaminated soil.

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas development, and discloses an evaluation method for hydrogen containing ingredient, porosity and aperture of shale rich in organic matters.According to the magnetic resonance imaging T1-T2 spectrum differences of kerogen, kerogen containing adsorption oil, different minerals containing aqueous clay, shale, shale dry samples, saturated oil rock samples and saturated water rock samples, a division scheme of each hydrogen containing ingredient of the shale rich in organic matters, and a quantitative expression method of fluid ingredients is established; the T2 spectrum of the saturated shale rich in organic matters is taken as a target, the T2 spectrum of the shale dry sample is taken as a substrate, substrate inversion is carried out to obtain the T2 spectrum of oil in a hole, and on the basis of the T2 spectrum, the porosity and the pore diameter distribution of the shale rich in organic matters is evaluated. Compared with theconventional method, the evaluation method disclosed by the invention is characterized in that high innovation and credibility can be shown, and is favorable for improving the analysis of the magnetic resonance imaging on an aspect of shale rock physical measurement.

The invention relates to a method of the technical field of environment protection and in particular to a high salinity wastewater treatment corrosion-resistant anti-fouling membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: by taking a mixture of clay minerals and oceanic nodule minerals as inorganic nano particles, modifying the inorganic nano particles with dopamine, and combining a PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) polymer with the nano particles, thereby obtaining the high salinity wastewater treatment corrosion-resistant anti-fouling membrane. The invention aims to improve the water flux, the corrosion resistance and the pollution resistance of the membrane, the mixture of the clay minerals and the oceanic nodule minerals is adopted as the inorganic nano particles, the inorganic nano particles are subjected to surface modification with dopamine, combination of the nano particles and the PVDF is promoted, the obtained membrane is capable of efficiently treating high salinity wastewater and meanwhile has properties of corrosion and fouling resistance; in addition, the dopamine has a great amount of hydrophilic groups of amino, particle aggregation is prevented, the hydrophilcity of the membrane is improved, and the difficulties that materials are not uniformly dispersed and are easily dropped off in the use process are solved.

A phenolic resin composite material includes a phenolic resin, a filler dispersed in the phenolic resin and being a reinforcement member and an organized layered clay mineral being different from the filler and dispersed uniformly in the phenolic resin. The phenolic resin composite material is improved in terms of the heat resistance as well as the mechanical strengths.

A method, composition, and apparatus for removing contaminant species from an aqueous medium comprising: providing a material to which zirconium has been added, the material selected from one or more of zeolites, cation-exchangeable clay minerals, fly ash, mesostructured materials, activated carbons, cellulose acetate, and like porous and / or fibrous materials; and contacting the aqueous medium with the material to which zirconium has been added. The invention operates on all arsenic species in the form of arsenate, arsenite and organometallic arsenic, with no pretreatment necessary (e.g., oxidative conversion of arsenite to arsenate).

The invention relates to an oil field production technique, in particular to a fracturing method applied under the oil well to improve new well production capacity of low permeability reservoir before being brought into production. The fracturing reformation course at least comprises common fracturing technique and is characterized in that the method uses a compound application of more than two techniques of the use of acid fracturing liquid, or diversion agent or acid liquid and diversion agent by adopting high-energy gas fracturing technique; the upper sealed fracturing pipe is adopted during the working of hydraulic fracturing; the acid liquid is adopted during a pad fluid stage as the working liquid; the diversion agent is added for one or more times to seal fractured cracks; an increasing working flow rate is adopted before and after the adding of the diversion agent. The method of the invention can increase oil discharging area after fracturing, reduce expansion rate of clay minerals in fractured reservoir and improve completion of oil well reformation, fracturing effect and production capacity of low permeability reservoir after fracturing.

The invention relates to a process for extracting gold from low-grade difficultly-treatable gold ore containing arsenic and carbon. The process is characterized in that: the gold ore has the characteristics of high clay mineral content, large fine ore amount after grinding, and the like. The process comprises the following steps of: grinding raw ore to 10 to -30 millimeters; sieving ore through a sample sieve of 1 to -2 millimeters or washing the ore with water so as to separate fine ore from the ore; floating gold concentrate by using the obtained fine ore; performing direct heap leaching on ore of +2 millimeter and performing biological oxidation; performing medium transformation such as acid washing, water washing, alkali washing and the like on the biologically-oxidized ore and cyaniding directly so as to extract gold, wherein gold is extracted from the floated gold concentrate by biological oxidation-cyaniding and carbon soaking-pressure oxidation-cyaniding and gold extraction or baking, oxidation and cyaniding. Due to the adoption of the process, the problem of permeability of gold ore is solved and the gold extracting rate is effectively increased from 2 to 5 percent during direct heap leaching and cyaniding to 55 to 65 percent. The process has the advantages of simple process, high gold extracting rate, low pollution, high benefit and the like.

The invention relates to a resource processing method for oily sludge. First, the oily sludge is sent to a closed retorting cracking furnace to be pyrolyzed, and the pyrolyzed period is 1-5 hours under 200-600 DEG C, then the oil, gas, and water are recovered. Second, sulfate or hydrochloride is put into the pyrobitumen of sludge containing inorganic aluminum salt or iron salt flocculant according to the chemical equivalent of the aluminum salt or iron salt 1 to 1-1.5 to do acid-soluble processing. The products after the two processes can be reclaimed and used as the flocculant of the sewage processing system, or reclaimed as the concentrating agent of sludge. The pyrobitumen containing mostly clay mineral can be used as decolorizing and absorbing material of waste water and oil, or used as absorbent for lube-oil complementing and refining process. The method used in oilfield gathering transportation and treatment system can realize zero discharge in course of the gathering transportation and treatment, and can effectively solve the pollution problem of the oily sludge and find the automate answer for the oily sludge. Meanwhile, by adopting the method, the cost for the treatment of sewage flocculation and for adding sludge concentration agent can be reduced and the energy material can be reclaimed from sludge and the wastage of oil can be reduced.

The present invention relates to novel lubricant additives for improving the tribological properties, novel lubricants containing these additives, processes for the preparation thereof and the use thereof. Lubricant comprises ceramic nanoparticles as additives comprising aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, tungsten oxide, tantalum pentoxide, vanadium pentoxide, niobium pentoxide, cerium dioxide, boron carbide, aluminum titanate, boron nitride, molybdenum disilicide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, zirconium diboride and / or clay minerals, and thermally stable carbonates and / or sulfates. The nanoparticles represent an ellipsoid with three semi-axes a, b and c, which are not equal to each other, or equal to each other. The ratio of a and b is 1-100, a and c is 1-1000, and b and c is 1:100.

An ink jet ink composition comprising from about 30 to about 90% by weight of water, from about 0.5 to about 30% by weight of a composite colorant, from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight of natural or synthetic smectite clay mineral, and from about 10 to about 50% by weight of a humectant comprising a polyhydric alcohol or a nitrogen-containing cyclic compound.

A biodegradable polymer includes a) 20 to 60% of a mixture of starch and / or a modified starch, b) 8 to 22% of starch plasticisers and processing agents c) 30 to 70% of one or more biodegradable aliphatic polyesters d) 1 to 10% of a layered silicate clay mineral. The silicate mineral is an organoclay which has been formed by reacting clay with an intercalating chemical to compatibilise it with the polymers so that the clay is exfoliated and makes the blend amorphous. The polymers may also include the usual additives including e) from 0 to 20% by weight of a polyol plasticiser f) from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of a C12–22 fatty acid or salt or a destructing agent preferably urea and / or urea derivatives, and g) from 0 to 12% by weight of added water. The polyester may be modified by reaction with maleic anhydride.

Compositions comprising clay minerals and methods for their use in promoting hemostasis are provided. The compositions comprise clay minerals such as bentonite, and facilitate blood clotting when applied to a hemorrhaging wound. Electrospun or electrosprayed materials (e.g. bandages, micron beads, etc.) which include clay minerals, and methods for the treatment of acute hemorrhage, are also provided.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a cobalt blue and clay mineral hybrid pigment and belongs to the technical field of preparation of nano-spinel hybrid pigments. A hybridization precursor is prepared with a co-precipitation technique with Co(III) salt and Al(III) salt as raw materials and inorganic clay minerals as filler, and the cobalt blue and clay mineral hybrid pigment is prepared through high-temperature crystallization. With the adoption of the clay minerals, the preparation cost of the cobalt blue pigment can be reduced, cobalt blue nanoparticles can be effectively prevented from aggregating and enlarging in the following high-temperature crystallization process, the particle diameter of the nanoparticles ranges from 10 nm to 20 nm, and the prepared cobalt and clay mineral hybrid pigment has a bright color and can meet requirements of durable coatings, neutral ink, CRT (cathode ray tube) fluorescent powder coating pigment products and the like in the cobalt blue market. Besides, the preparation process is simple, the cost of the raw materials is low, and large-scale production is facilitated.

A biodegradable polymer includes a) 20 to 60% of a mixture of starch and / or a modified starch, b) 8 to 22% of starch plasticisers and processing agents c) 30 to 70% of one or more biodegradable aliphatic polyesters d) 1 to 10% of a layered silicate clay mineral. The silicate mineral is an organoclay which has been formed by reacting clay with an intercalating chemical to compatibilise it with the polymers so that the clay is exfoliated and makes the blend amorphous. The polymers may also include the usual additives including e) from 0 to 20% by weight of a polyol plasticiser f) from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of a C12-22 fatty acid or salt or a destructing agent preferably urea and / or urea derivatives, and g) from 0 to 12% by weight of added water. The polyester may be modified by reaction with maleic anhydride.

A clay ore-carried polyphenylamine composite material is prepared through separating and purifying clay ore, preparing 5-15% suspension mineral slurry, adding phenylamine and hyaluronic acid, stirring while slowly dropping oxidizing trigger, reaction for 6-24 hr while stirring, then filtering and dewatering, washing 2-4 times, and spray-drying or preparing suspension. This composite material possesses both the easy dispersivity of clay mineral and the excellent physico-chemical property of polyphenylamine (conductivity and corrosion-proofness). Its advantages are high dispersity, electric conductivity and corrosion resistance, and low cost.

The invention relates to a heavy metal polluted crystallization encapsulated stabilizing agent and its application method, which is characterized in that the stabilizing agent comprises the following components by mass ratio: 15-25% of phosphate or sulfate, 1%-5% of heavy metal chelating agent, 20-40% of cementitious material, 30-60% of clay minerals, and the components for the sum is 100%. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of simple technical scheme, good effect, low cost and easy operation of implementation method, the leached toxicity of heavy metal in soil can reach the national standards after implementing the scheme, and the processed soil enables resource recycling. According to the invention, a pre-determination and pretreatment mode is used to reach the excellent stable effect on a plurality of heavy metal pollution.

The invention discloses a two-level remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil. The method comprises the steps of breaking a heavy metal contaminated paddy field, irrigating the paddy field until a water logging layer on a soil layer is 10-15cm deep after breaking the 0.5-0.6m deep soil on the surface layer into soil lumps with sizes less than 2-3mm, adding a modified clay mineral adsorbent, mechanically stirring the adsorbent, standing for 6-8 hours, fishing out the adsorbent which floats on water and completes adsorption, and simultaneously discharging the supernatant, thus completing first-level remediation; then collecting adsorbed light ceramsites, eluting the ceramsites in a wastewater treatment plant, and then leaching 1-3 times by using pure water as an eluent, thus completing second-level remediation, wherein the amount of water used each time is 0.6-1 times the leachate added for the first time by volume. The method is simple to operate, is low in cost, has high removal efficiency, meets actual requirements, and has good popularization and application values.

The invention discloses an adsorbing material for removing phosphorous and nitrogen, a preparation method thereof and a method for purifying sewage by using the adsorbing material. The preparation method for the adsorbing material comprises a step of mixing a clay mineral material, an organic modifier and a proper amount of deionized water to performing organic modification treatment on the clay mineral material. The adsorbing material prepared by the method can efficiently remove the phosphorous and the nitrogen, has high adsorption capacity, high removal efficiency and strong water quality change impact capacity resistance, and can be used for treating the sewage which cannot be treated by a biochemical method, the treatment does not produce sludge, and the treatment cost is low.

The invention discloses a compound microbial fertilizer taking waste clay minerals as the main raw material. The compound microbial fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of waste clay minerals, 5-8 parts of a pH regulator, 10-15 parts of humic acid and 0.15-1 part of compound microbial strains, wherein the waste clay minerals are selected from spent bleaching clay obtained after bleaching vegetable edible oil and fat, waste attapulgite, secondary spent bleaching clay obtained after oil extraction of waste perlite by physical pressing, secondary waste attapulgite and secondary waste perlite. The compound microbial fertilizer takes the waste clay minerals as the main raw material, and the waste clay minerals obtained after bleaching vegetable edible oil and fat contain substances such as protein, organic matters, humic acid and amino acid, so that the compound microbial fertilizer can effectively promote crop growth, regulate the soil structure, relieve soil hardening, improve the gas permeability of soil and improve the fertilizer conservation ability and the buffering capacity of soil.

The invention discloses a composite soil conditioner for treating heavy metal Cd pollution, and preparation and use methods thereof. The composite soil conditioner comprises the composition and content: 20-30% of clay minerals, 10-20% of peat, 10-20% of biochar, 25-35% of slaked lime, 5-15% of an oxide of iron, and 5-10% of a microbial agent. The preparation of the composite soil conditioner comprises the following steps: adding the clay minerals, the peat, the biochar, the slaked lime and the oxide of iron in proportion, then fully stirring until the raw materials are evenly mixed; adding the microbial agent with the amount of 5-10%, to prepare an inorganic and organic composite conditioner, wherein the microbial agent contains at least one of iron-reducing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and bacillus. The composite soil conditioner prepared by the method is directly added to crop field soil polluted by heavy metals in proportion, and then ploughed fallowing is performed. Compared with the prior art, the product has the advantages of ingenious and reasonable formula design, excellent in-situ passivation effect, simple preparation method, low production cost, simple application method and the like.

The invention relates to a method for simultaneously stabilizing heavy metals and deeply dewatering municipal sludge for municipal sludge. The method comprises the step of: adding a certain amount of ferrite, lime, clay minerals and / or apatite in municipal sludge. Form of heavy metals in municipal sludge treated by the method is transformed to a stable state, so that the leaching concentration of heavy metal pollutants is reduced, and the heavy metal pollutants can be quickly and effectively sealed and stored stably. Meanwhile, the municipal sludge can be conditioned, so the dewatering performance is remarkably improved, the dewatering efficiency of sludge is extremely improved, and the moisture content is reduced for convenience of subsequent treatment and reduction of cost. The method is an efficient and novel treatment method which can obtain a good economic benefit.

The invention relates to a contaminated soil passivator and a preparation method and application thereof. The passivator is formed by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-60 percent of a natural clay mineral material, 30-60 percent of industrial harmless wastes and 10-20 percent of a cation-exchanger, wherein the cation-exchanger refers to an X-type molecular sieve or a molecular sieve with the particle size of more than 4A. Compared with the prior art, the passivator disclosed by the invention is completely prepared from the natural clay mineral material and a mineral-like material, the cost is low, secondary pollution is avoided, the environment friendliness idea is completely achieved, the pulverized fuel ash and other industrial wastes are introduced, the problems such as waste storage and treatment are solved, and the passivator has good passivation effect and high long-term stability on the contaminated soil, particularly heavy metal contaminated soil, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.