663 results about "Overpotential" patented technology

The invention discloses an alkaline electrolytic water hydrogen evolution electrode, a preparation method thereof and an electrolytic bath based on the electrode. The electrode comprises a nickel net base material, raney nickel located on the nickel net base material and a catalytic layer which is electrochemically deposited on the surface of the raney nickel to cover a zigzag edge to form a smooth surface. The catalytic layer is a platinum catalytic layer, a nickel-sulfur alloy catalytic layer, a nickel-cobalt-zinc layer or a nickel-iron-zinc layer, and an electroplate liquid for electrochemical deposition comprises sulfosalicylic acid. According to the electrolytic cell, an alkaline electrolytic water hydrogen evolution electrode is used as a cathode, and Raney nickel / nickel net is used as an anode. According to the alkaline electrolytic water hydrogen evolution electrode, the catalyst layer which is high in binding force with the base material is deposited on the Raney nickel / nickel net base material in a specific electrochemical deposition mode, and the catalyst layer can effectively cover the sawtooth-shaped edge of the surface of the electrode and keep a part of the original high-specific-surface-surface structure of Raney nickel at the same time; the catalytic performance of the electrode is improved, and the overpotential of the electrode under 100mA / cm < 2 > can be lower than 241mV.

The invention discloses a composite three-dimensional current collector prepared based on chemical plating, a metal negative electrode and a metal secondary battery, and belongs to the technical field of metal secondary batteries. The composite three-dimensional current collector comprises a nonmetal three-dimensional skeleton matrix and a metal coating which is uniformly distributed on the surface of the matrix through chemical plating. When the metal battery works, Mg, Li, Na, Ca, Zn and other metals are induced to be subjected to uniform electro-deposition and stripping on the surface of the composite three-dimensional current collector by virtue of affinity among metals, and the three-dimensional porous structure of the matrix provides a buffer space for metal deposition, so that metal ions are subjected to rapid and uniform electro-deposition; the stability of an electrode interface can be enhanced, dendritic crystal growth is reduced, the electrodeposition overpotential of metal is reduced, and the service life of a metal negative electrode is prolonged. The composite three-dimensional current collector prepared on the basis of chemical plating solves the problem of non-uniform growth of a metal negative electrode, and is an effective way for commercialized production of a metal secondary battery.

The invention discloses a rechargeable magnesium battery composite electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof, the electrolyte comprises an organic ether solvent, an electrolyte magnesium salt and an additive, and the additive is one or two of a sulfimide additive or a phosphate additive. By introducing the sulfimide additive into the organic ether solvent electrolyte containing the electrolyte magnesium salt, the kinetic performance of the electrolyte is remarkably improved under the mutual synergistic effect of all the components, the solvation structure of electrolyte magnesium ions is effectively regulated and controlled, the dissolution of the electrolyte magnesium salt is accelerated, the conductivity of the magnesium ions is improved, and the service life of the electrolyte is prolonged. Reversible electrochemical circulation of the magnesium symmetric battery under high current density is realized, the cycle life of the battery is prolonged, a phosphate ester additive is continuously introduced, a phosphorus-rich magnesium ion conductive interface film is formed on the surface of magnesium metal, the transmission capacity of Mg < 2 + > is enhanced, the overpotential and potential barrier of magnesium negative electrode dissolution / deposition are reduced, and the performance of the battery is improved. Therefore, the electrochemical reversibility and coulombic efficiency of the asymmetric battery are improved.

The invention relates to a non-noble metal-based self-supporting electrode, a preparation method thereof and application of the non-noble metal-based self-supporting electrode in efficient electrolyzed water. The self-supporting electrode comprises a non-noble metal substrate layer, and a transition layer and a catalytic activity layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the non-noble metal substrate layer, the transition layer comprises NiFe unit cell nano particles; the catalytic activity layer comprises CoFeLDH, and the CoFeLDH is of a cactus spherical structure formed by a nano needle-shaped array; and a heterojunction interface is arranged between the transition layer containing the NiFe unit cell nanoparticles and the catalytic activity layer containing the CoFeLDH. The catalyst has low oxygen evolution overpotential and has high current density and excellent stability under the working condition, the transition layer is constructed between the catalytic active layer and the foamed nickel substrate, interface contact between the catalytic active layer and the substrate can be optimized, more uniform stress distribution and better interface adhesion can be achieved, charge transfer and mass transfer are enhanced, and the catalytic activity of the catalyst is improved. Therefore, the electrode interface stability is realized.

The invention belongs to the field of lithium ion battery materials, and particularly relates to a low-gas-production positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof. The low-gas-production positive electrode material provided by the invention comprises positive electrode material matrix particles and a composite metal oxide coating layer coating the surfaces of the positive electrode material matrix particles, the oxygen evolution overpotential of the lithium battery positive electrode material is less than or equal to 0.4 V; the composite metal oxide coating layer is a perovskite type compound, the chemical general formula is ABO3, the element A is a rare earth or alkaline earth metal element, and the element B is a transition metal element. The key point of the invention is that the ABO3 type composite metal oxide is coated on the surfaces of the matrix particles of the positive electrode material, so that the lithium battery positive electrode material with excellent gas production resistance is obtained, and as the lithium battery positive electrode material has relatively low oxygen evolution overpotential (eta is less than or equal to 0.4 V), not only can gas generation in the circulation process be reduced, but also the service life of the lithium battery positive electrode material is prolonged. And the capacity retention rate of the cycle can be kept at a relatively high level.

The invention provides a three-loop control lithium ion battery flexible fast charging method and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the current charging current and voltage of a lithium ion battery, calculating the overpotential through an electrochemical-thermal-aging coupling model, carrying out the constant overpotential lossless charging, and obtaining a preliminary control current; performing constant strain charging according to the initial control current in combination with the obtained internal strain of the lithium ion battery, and limiting the charging current in the stage by taking the expansion strain when the residual electric quantity is set as a strain boundary in the charging process; performing constant-temperature charging according to the charging current in combination with the obtained temperature of the lithium ion battery, and adjusting the charging current rate within a set temperature range; constant overpotential lossless charging control is used as an outer ring, constant strain charging is used as a middle ring, constant temperature charging is used as an inner ring, a final control current is determined through three-ring control, and flexible fast charging is achieved. According to the invention, a plurality of parameters of the battery can be monitored and controlled, and the contradiction between charging safety and rapidity is solved.

The invention provides a lithium battery self-adaptive charging method and system, and relates to the technical field of lithium battery charging, and the method comprises the steps: building a state-of-charge equation describing the change of the electric quantity of a lithium battery along with the charging current; calculating the positive electrode current density and the negative electrode current density of the lithium battery under the charging current; determining the internal charging voltage of the lithium battery under the charging current by using a BV kinetic equation in combination with the positive electrode current density and the negative electrode current density; determining an SEI layer overpotential associated with the SEI layer generation rate; calculating SEI layer generation current related to the charging current according to the SEI layer overpotential; establishing a relation function between the SEI layer generation current and the capacity loss of the lithium battery; establishing a charging current linear attenuation equation; establishing a charging current optimization equation, and solving an expected charging current; and charging the lithium battery. And while the charging efficiency is not reduced, the excessive generation of an SEI layer in the charging process is reduced, and the service life of the lithium battery is prolonged.

The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling cooling time after Joule heating and a high-entropy oxide electrocatalyst based on the method, and belongs to the technical field of electrocatalytic electrolysis of water. According to the method, the relationship between the graphite substrates with different mass area ratios and the cooling time is determined based on the Newton's law of cooling by carrying out volume segmentation on the graphite substrates; the structure and performance of the high-entropy oxide electrocatalyst are regulated and controlled on the basis of a cooling time regulation and control strategy; the prepared high-entropy oxide electrocatalyst has excellent oxygen evolution reaction catalytic activity in an alkaline environment, the structure of the high-entropy oxide electrocatalyst with the cooling time of 0.3 s is a nanowire assembled by fine nano-particles, the high-entropy oxide electrocatalyst shows the optimal electrochemical performance, and under the current density of 10 mA cm <-2 >, the high-entropy oxide electrocatalyst has excellent oxygen evolution reaction catalytic activity. And the overpotential is only 219 mV. The method provided by the invention is simple and efficient, and can be widely applied to preparation and performance optimization of the electrocatalyst.

The invention relates to the technical field of electrocatalytic materials, in particular to a deep self-reconstruction high-entropy sulfide electrocatalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. When the potential reaches 1.8 V vs.RHE, the current density of the deep self-reconfigurable high-entropy sulfide electrocatalyst is close to 600 mA cm <-2 >, low overpotential and high current density are shown, the overall efficiency of hydrogen production through water electrolysis is remarkably improved, and powerful support is provided for utilization of renewable energy sources and large-scale preparation of hydrogen energy.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a modified zinc-bromine flow battery carbon felt negative electrode and the carbon felt negative electrode prepared by the method, and belongs to the field of zinc-bromine flow batteries. According to the method, after the carbon felt is soaked in a mixed solution of cuprous sulfate, water and acetonitrile, the acetonitrile is gradually evaporated from the solution through heating, the cuprous sulfate is gradually subjected to disproportionation reaction, and the copper elementary substance generated by the disproportionation reaction of the cuprous sulfate is deposited on the surface of the carbon felt, so that the purpose of loading the modified carbon felt with the copper elementary substance is achieved. The copper elementary substance is relatively stable in chemical property and has good zinc affinity, and the copper elementary substance is loaded on the surface of the carbon felt, so that the overpotential of zinc nucleation can be reduced, and reaction active sites on the surface of the carbon felt are increased. Besides, relatively strong acting force exists between copper and zinc, so that uniform deposition / stripping of zinc in the charging and discharging process is facilitated, a more uniform zinc deposition layer is formed on the surface of the carbon felt, formation of zinc dendrites is reduced, and the electrochemical performance of the zinc-bromine flow battery is improved.

The invention discloses a lithium-oxygen battery electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof. The lithium-oxygen battery electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, an additive and a solvent, the additive is 1, 3-dimethylimidazole iodized salt. The redox medium (organic iodized salt) is added into the ether electrolyte of the lithium oxygen battery, anions of the redox medium can reduce the charge-discharge overpotential of the lithium oxygen battery, cations of the redox medium can form an in-situ protection layer on a lithium negative electrode, the redox medium is prevented from reacting with the lithium negative electrode, lithium corrosion and lithium dendrite growth are effectively inhibited, and the service life of the lithium oxygen battery is prolonged. And the lithium-oxygen battery has excellent electrochemical performance and long cycle stability.

The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to an all-vanadium redox flow battery SOC dual monitoring correction method and system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring first SOC data through potential monitoring, wherein the first SOC data comprises a positive charge-discharge state SOC positive, n and a negative charge-discharge state SOC negative, n; second SOC data including SOC positive ', n and SOC negative', n are obtained through electrolyte valence state concentration monitoring; calculating correction coefficients kappa positive and kappa negative according to the first SOC data and the second SOC data; and finally, correcting the third SOC data by using the correction coefficient to obtain an actual SOC value. According to the method, a dual monitoring mode is adopted, the real-time online characteristic of potential monitoring is utilized, the high-precision advantage of electrolyte concentration monitoring is combined, the two monitoring methods are organically combined through a correction coefficient, and the problems that single potential monitoring is affected by hydrogen ion concentration and the electrolyte concentration monitoring cannot realize real-time online monitoring are solved. According to the method, the correction frequency of 0-10 days is designed, the correction timeliness and sampling interference are reasonably balanced, and the accuracy of SOC monitoring is improved.

The invention discloses a negative electrode current collector, a battery monomer, a battery and a power utilization device, the negative electrode current collector comprises a substrate and an alloy layer located on at least one side of the substrate, the alloy layer comprises a first metal element and a second metal element, and the substrate comprises a third metal element, the nucleation overpotential of the elementary substance of the second metal element is smaller than the nucleation overpotential of the elementary substance of the first metal element, the nucleation overpotential of the lithium metal of the elementary substance of the first metal element is larger than or equal to 0.10 V, and the nucleation overpotential of the elementary substance of the second metal element is smaller than the nucleation overpotential of the elementary substance of the third metal element. According to the invention, the battery has high coulombic efficiency, high reliability and long cycle life.

Provided is a secondary battery including a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and an electrolyte. The positive electrode plate includes a positive current collector and a positive active material layer arranged on the positive current collector, and the positive active material layer contains a sodium ion active material. The negative electrode plate includes a negative current collector and a metal film layer arranged on at least one surface of the negative current collector. A nucleation overpotential of sodium on the negative electrode plate is smaller than or equal to 35 mV. The electrolyte is arranged between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and the electrolyte contains a sodium borate.

The invention discloses a double transition metal doped RuO2 acidic OER electrocatalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, relates to an OER electrocatalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of high overpotential and poor stability of the existing transition metal doped RuO2 catalyst.The catalyst is (M1) x (M2) yRuO2, M1 is Zr or Ti, and M2 is a transition metal doped RuO2 catalyst or a transition metal doped RuO2 catalyst or a transition metal doped RuO2 catalyst or a transition metal doped RuO2 catalyst or a transition metal doped RuO2 catalyst or a transition metal doped RuO2 catalyst or a transition metal doped RuO2 catalyst or a transition metal doped RuO2 catalyst. M2 is Mo, Nb or Tc; x is equal to 0.02 to 0.1, and y is equal to 0.02 to 0.1. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding ruthenium salt, M1 salt, M2 salt and ethanol into water, putting the obtained mixed solution into a homogeneous reactor for hydrothermal reaction, washing and drying the product, and annealing. According to the present invention, the prepared electrode is loaded on carbon paper to prepare the electrode for acidic OER electro-catalysis, has the overpotential of 224 mV under the current density of 10 mAcm <-2 >, has excellent stability within 200 h, and can be used in the field of water electrolysis hydrogen production.

An electrocatalyst, a method of producing hydrogen gas by a hydrogen evolution reaction, and a method of producing oxygen gas by an oxygen evolution reaction. The electrocatalyst includes manganese oxide nanoparticles, and silver containing nanoparticles disposed on the manganese oxide nanoparticles, the silver-containing nanoparticles include a shell of silver tungstate disposed on a core of Ag. The electrocatalyst has an electrical resistivity of 0.50×107 ohm (Ω) to 6.0×107Ω, a charge transfer resistance of 325Ω to 450Ω, a Tafel slope of 55 mV / dec to 125 mV / dec, and an overpotential at 10 mA / cm2 of 0.05 mV to 200 mV.

The present application belongs to the technical field of batteries, and specifically relates to an electrolyte, a secondary battery, and an electrical apparatus. The electrolyte provided in the present application comprises a sodium salt and a lithium salt, a deposition overpotential of lithium metal in the electrolyte is higher than that a sodium metal deposition overpotential, and the electrolyte has film-forming selectivity, improving cycle performance of the secondary battery. The secondary battery provided in the present application comprises said electrolyte, and also comprises a positive electrode plate, an active material in the positive electrode plate comprising a sodium ion positive electrode active material and a lithium ion positive electrode active material. The charging platform voltage of the sodium ion positive electrode active material in the battery is lower than the charging platform voltage of the lithium ion positive electrode active material in the battery. The electrolyte in the secondary battery is compatible with the positive electrode plate, and the storage performance of the secondary battery is further improved.

The invention belongs to the field of electrode materials, and particularly relates to an alkaline hydrogen production electrode and a preparation method thereof.The alkaline hydrogen production electrode comprises an electrode substrate and a catalyst loaded on the electrode substrate; the catalyst comprises the following components: Ni, Fe, Mo, Cr and Mn, the molar percentage of Mo is 5-15%, and the total molar percentage of Fe and Mo is 35%. By alloying, introducing Mo and controlling the content of Fe and Mo, the catalytic activity is enhanced, compared with existing binary Raney nickel, the catalytic activity is higher, the HER reaction overpotential can be effectively reduced, so that the energy consumption of an electrolytic bath is reduced, and the corrosion resistance of an electrode can be enhanced through Cr and Mn.

The invention discloses a charging optimization method for inhibiting lithium electroplating based on a mechanism model, and belongs to the technical field of battery charging. According to the method, firstly, a lithium ion battery electrochemical model P2D model is constructed and linearized to serve as a state space of the model prediction control method so as to obtain response of lithium electroplating overpotential to charging current, and the response is one of main factors for promoting battery aging. And then, designing a multi-objective optimization task for rapid charging and limiting the lithium electroplating potential, and improving the charging current to the greatest extent while inhibiting the lithium electroplating reaction in the lithium battery, so that a rapid charging scheme for inhibiting the lithium electroplating reaction of the battery is realized. Besides, by constructing an LSTM model and utilizing current and voltage data of the battery to identify the aging condition of the battery, an experimental result shows that the charging strategy can improve the charging speed under the condition of keeping the lithium plating potential of the battery within a certain range, and can effectively adjust the aged batteries of different degrees, so that the universality of the charging strategy is remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a NiFe-LDH-coated E-PBA composite electrocatalyst rich in oxygen vacancies as well as a preparation method and application of the NiFe-LDH-coated E-PBA composite electrocatalyst. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out alkali etching on NiFe-PBA which is electrodeposited on foamed nickel, and then electrodepositing an ultrathin NiFe-LDH nanosheet on the surface of the NiFe-PBA. Alkali etching and electro-deposition enable the composite catalyst to contain rich oxygen vacancies, and the OER intrinsic activity can be enhanced by reducing band gaps and adsorption; the three-dimensional NiFe-LDH-coated E-PBA heterostructure can adjust interface charge distribution, optimize adsorption / desorption energy of an OER intermediate and release more active sites and mass transfer channels; the foamed nickel substrate provides rapid electron transfer and mass transfer. Therefore, the NiFe-LDH-coated E-PBA shows excellent alkaline water OER performance and stability, the overpotential is only 263 mV when the current density is 100 mA / cm < 2 >, and the NiFe-LDH-coated E-PBA can stably electrocatalytically decompose water for 50 h under the constant current density of 50 mA / cm < 2 >.

The invention relates to the technical field of sodium ion batteries, and discloses a low-overpotential uniform sodium deposition composite electrolyte and a preparation method of a sodium metal battery, the composite electrolyte comprises a sodium salt, a solvent, a film-forming additive and a sodium deposition regulating agent; the film forming additive is selected from at least one of NaPO2F2, NaDFOB and Na2SO3; the sodium deposition regulating agent is selected from at least one of CsTFSI, SnCl2 and Bi (OTf) 3. Through the synergistic effect of the film-forming additive and the sodium deposition regulating agent, a stable and firm SEI film can be formed on the interface of the negative electrode current collector, the overpotential of sodium deposition is obviously reduced to 20 mV or below, the growth of sodium dendrites is effectively inhibited, and dense and uniform deposition of sodium is realized. The negative-electrode-free sodium metal battery based on the composite electrolyte shows high first efficiency (greater than or equal to 90%), high coulombic efficiency (greater than 99.5%) and excellent cycling stability, and an effective scheme is provided for solving the core challenge of a sodium metal negative electrode.

The invention discloses a high-current-density hydrogen evolution electrode for alkaline water electrolysis as well as a preparation method and application of the high-current-density hydrogen evolution electrode, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The nano-catalyst hydrogen evolution electrode prepared by the invention has a sandwich structure, the outermost layer is the nano cobaltosic oxide catalyst, and the nano-catalyst hydrogen evolution electrode has large specific surface area and high porosity, is beneficial to active site exposure, electrolyte permeation and gas product overflow, promotes mass transfer power and improves current density. And the nanosheet catalyst grows on the metal cobalt interlayer in an in-situ rooting manner, so that the interface bonding and charge transfer of the catalyst are enhanced, and the mechanical stability and the charge transfer power of the catalyst are improved. The prepared electrode material HER is high in activity and good in stability, key, large-current-density catalysis can be achieved under low overpotential, the performance is remarkably superior to that of a commercial # imgabs0 # nickel electrode, and the key bottleneck that the running current density of an ALK electrolytic cell is low is hopeful to be solved. And moreover, the electroplating preparation process is simple, time and energy are saved, the cost is low, and large-scale production can be realized.

The invention discloses an electrode and a preparation method thereof and a solid-state battery, the electrode comprises a current collector and a carbon nanotube layer covering the current collector, and catalysts are distributed at the bottom and the top of the carbon nanotube; when the electrode in the technical scheme is applied to the battery, as the catalyst is arranged at the bottom and the top of the carbon nano tube, lithium metal can be synergistically induced to be uniformly deposited on the surface and the bottom of the carbon nano tube electrode, and when lithium ions are uniformly distributed on the surface and inside of the electrode (inside and among the carbon nano tube), the condition that the local lithium ion concentration is too high does not occur; the generation of local overpotential can be avoided through uniform deposition, so that lithium precipitation is prevented; meanwhile, by designing and controlling the deposition amount of lithium not to exceed the maximum in-tube and inter-tube deposition capacity of the carbon nanotubes, the whole electrode is free of expansion and shrinkage in the charging and discharging process, and lithium metal expansion is effectively limited.

The invention discloses a composite cathode and anode plate made of a lead-carbon composite material, the composite cathode and anode plate comprises a current collector, a transition layer and an active layer which are compounded in sequence, the transition layer tightly coats the outer surface of the current collector, the active layer tightly coats the outer surface of the transition layer, and the composite cathode and anode plate is prepared by the following method: S1, preparing the composite cathode and anode plate; raw material pretreatment: placing the carbon material in a vacuum oven; according to the invention, the structural design of the composite negative plate and the preparation process are integrated, so that accurate matching of the raw material ratio and the process parameters is realized, and many defects of the traditional electrode are effectively solved; the three-layer gradient structure improves the interface bonding force, and delamination is avoided; the optimized raw material system and the preparation process have a synergistic effect, so that the hydrogen evolution overpotential is remarkably improved, the internal resistance is reduced, the cycle life is prolonged, the low-temperature performance is improved, the energy density is improved, and a reliable technical scheme is provided for the application of the lead-acid storage battery in the high-end field.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a cathode catalyst and a positive pole piece for a neutral zinc-air battery, and relates to the field of zinc-air batteries. The material of the catalyst is M-N-C (M is a transition metal), nitrogen is dissociated by discharging in a nitrogen atmosphere through a plasma ball mill, and metal particles separated from metal balls composed of M under high-speed impact are directly loaded on a highly dispersed carbon substrate through electric field adsorption. And carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the mixed material subjected to the process in a tubular furnace under the protection of inert gas to obtain the target M-N-C catalytic material. When the M-N-C catalytic material provided by the invention is used as a cathode catalyst layer of the neutral zinc air battery, the reaction efficiency of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) can be effectively improved, the overpotential of the zinc air battery is reduced, the cycle stability of the neutral zinc air battery is improved, and the cycle life is prolonged.

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell membrane electrode voltage distribution testing, in particular to a fuel cell membrane electrode voltage distribution testing method and system, and the method comprises the steps: arranging a potential sensor array, and synchronously collecting an original voltage vector through the potential sensor array in the loading operation process of a fuel cell; a reference electrode is arranged in the non-reaction area, a stable reference signal is applied to the reference electrode, and a feedback signal of the reference electrode is collected after preset stable time is delayed; carrying out difference calculation on the feedback signal and the stable reference signal to obtain a system measurement drift distance; and performing joint calibration on the original voltage vector according to the system measurement drift amount and the spatial continuity constraint of the membrane electrode voltage distribution to obtain the voltage distribution vector of the fuel cell membrane electrode. And the authenticity and reliability of the voltage distribution data in the long-period test process of the fuel cell are ensured by continuously compensating the drift of the measurement precision.

A method for determining a condition indicating imminent thermal runaway in a power source includes changing a state of charge of the power source during one of a plurality of charge cycles and a plurality of discharge cycle. In response to the state of charge in each of the one of the plurality of charge cycles and the plurality of discharge cycles, the method includes matching a first condition measuring the state of charge of the power source and determining an overpotential value based on the measured state of charge. The method also includes determining a trend based on a plurality of the overpotential values and identifying an indication of possible thermal runaway in the power source based on the trend indicating a downward trend of the plurality of overpotential values.

The invention discloses a palladium-doped Ir-Sn oxide titanium anode with high catalytic activity and a preparation method of the palladium-doped Ir-Sn oxide titanium anode, and belongs to the technical field of electrolytic anodes. The anode comprises a titanium substrate, a TiO2-Ta2O5 intermediate layer and an Ir-Sn-Pd oxide catalyst layer, the molar ratio of Ir to Sn to Pd in the catalyst layer is (5-6): 3: (1-2), and the total metal ion concentration is 0.3 mol L. The preparation method is realized through titanium substrate pretreatment (sand blasting and etching), intermediate layer coating sintering (a TiCl4-TaCl5 solution) and catalyst layer circulating coating sintering (an H2IrCl6-SnCl4-PdCl2 mixed solution). The relatively cheap palladium element is introduced, the electron structure of the catalyst layer is optimized by utilizing the defect effect, the charge transfer resistance is reduced to 6.7 omegacm, and meanwhile, the iridium consumption is reduced by more than 30%. Experiments show that the cell voltage of the anode is stabilized at 0.95 V (the current density is 5Acm <-2 >), the accelerated life reaches 1630 hours, the coating binding force is 62N, and the corrosion rate in an acidic electrolyte is only 0.01 mm / year. Compared with a traditional iridium tantalum anode, the cost is reduced by 40%, and the overpotential in the oxygen evolution reaction is as low as 0.45 V.

The invention discloses a solid-phase diffusion coefficient measurement method based on a single-layer particle electrode, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. Comprising the following steps: A1, counting the number of particles on a scanning image through image processing software, and calculating the effective reaction area of active particles and an electrolyte interface; a2, assembling the single-layer particle electrode serving as a positive electrode and a lithium metal negative electrode into a button cell; a3, applying a constant current to the button cell at a first multiplying power within a preset time period to carry out a periodic charge-discharge pulse test; step A4, extracting solid-phase diffusion overpotential according to the speed difference of voltage response in different time periods; and step A5, calculating to obtain the solid-phase diffusion coefficient. The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the solid-phase diffusion overpotential can be accurately extracted, and the measurement accuracy of the solid-phase diffusion coefficient is improved; the single-layer particle electrode structure is convenient for counting the number of particles in effective reaction, and the influence of electron conduction and liquid-phase ion transmission impedance on measurement is eliminated.

The invention discloses a low-temperature sodium metal battery electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage batteries. The low-temperature sodium metal battery electrolyte provided by the invention is prepared by dissolving sodium salt in ethylene glycol diethyl ether (EGDEE) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME). The ethyl chain at the tail end of EGDEE in the electrolyte prepared by the invention allows more anions to enter the first solvation sheath of the hybrid solvent, so that the ionic conductivity at the ultralow temperature of-40 DEG C is greatly improved. Meanwhile, a novel anion-rich solvation structure can be spontaneously formed at low temperature, and the kinematic mechanics rate of Na < + > is increased. Meanwhile, two organic solvents with non-cyclic ether structures are adopted, so that the problem of easy ring opening in the prior art is solved, ultralow sodium nucleation overpotential is shown, and uniform sodium deposition can be realized, so that the composite material has excellent reversibility and cycling stability at room temperature and low temperature, has excellent electrochemical performance, and is suitable for industrial production. And the prepared sodium metal battery has a wide application prospect.