73 results about "Overpotential" patented technology

This invention discloses a zinc-iodine battery and an electrode carrier that can simultaneously suppress polyiodine ion shuttle and regulate zinc deposition behavior, wherein the electrode carrier is Cu. + Coordinated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (Cu-PEDOT), via a solvothermal method, to convert Cu... + It was prepared by coordinating with S atoms in the PEDOT framework. I₂ was loaded onto this support as the positive electrode, and Zn was electrochemically deposited as the negative electrode to assemble a battery. The atomically monodisperse Cu in this invention... + It not only enhances the chemisorption of polyiodides as a Lewis active site, but also significantly reduces I... ‑ / I 0 Conversion energy barrier, accelerates reaction kinetics and suppresses shuttle effect; at the same time, Cu + The zinc-affinity property of the substrate reduces the Zn nucleation overpotential, guides Zn to deposit uniformly along the (002) crystal plane, and suppresses dendrites. Zinc-iodine batteries based on this substrate exhibit excellent rate performance and ultra-long cycle stability, and achieve dendrite-free negative electrode growth even under high depth-of-discharge conditions. This invention solves the problem of simultaneous multi-iodide shuttle in the positive electrode and zinc dendrite growth in the negative electrode using a single substrate, significantly improving the energy density and cycle life of the battery.

This invention relates to the field of water electrolysis and hydrogen energy utilization technology, and provides an in-situ electrodeposition method for improving NiMoP. x O y A method for studying the catalytic activity and stability of a self-supporting nickel-based hydrogen evolution electrode (NMOP). First, NiMoP... x O y The / NF self-supporting foam nickel-based electrode is prepared by immersing it in a nickel salt solution for a certain period of time, drying it, and then immersing it in a sodium sulfate solution for electrodeposition reduction reaction. This invention provides a simple and convenient method for adjusting the amount of metallic nickel deposited, ensuring its distribution among the active component particles of the electrode. This effectively improves the adhesion of the active component and prevents its detachment, significantly enhancing the hydrogen evolution activity and stability of the hydrogen evolution electrode. At an industrial current density of 100 mA / cm², the overpotential of the modified electrode prepared by this method is reduced by approximately 20% compared to the unmodified electrode, and the charge transfer resistance is reduced by approximately 41%. After 30,000 CV cycle accelerated durability tests, the increases in overpotential and charge transfer resistance are less than 7% and 26% of those of the unmodified electrode, respectively. Therefore, this invention has promising prospects for industrial application.

The application provides a modified current collector for self-generating a negative lithium metal battery, and belongs to the technical field of lithium metal batteries. The modified current collector introduces a nanoscale-thickness Ge amorphous thin film on the surface of a copper foil, so that the Ge amorphous thin film is converted into a uniform and dense intermetallic compound layer in situ during the first lithium deposition process, and the alloying speed is fast, thereby significantly reducing the lithium nucleation overpotential, guiding the lithium metal to grow in a high-density and two-dimensional layer shape, and finally obtaining a smooth and dense lithium deposition layer, and greatly improving the cycle stability and safety of the battery.

This invention provides a NiCoB-P-F high-efficiency hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst, its preparation method, and its application. The catalyst uses a monomeric NiCoB substrate, on which phosphorus (P) and phosphorus (F) elements are co-doped. The mass ratio of P to F is (2-6):(1-3). The raw material for P doping is NaH₂PO₂; the raw material for F doping is NH₄F. The method employs a vapor deposition process to co-dope P and F elements onto the monomeric NiCoB substrate. The hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst of this invention enhances the electrocatalytic performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction under alkaline conditions, with an overpotential η... 10 As low as 25mV, η 300 With a voltage as low as 134mV, it can significantly reduce the hydrogen evolution overpotential under high current density, thereby improving the overall catalytic efficiency and stability.

This invention belongs to the field of metal-organic gel materials technology, and discloses a metal-organic gel material for the interface layer of lithium metal battery anodes and its preparation method. The material uses a cerium-based metal-organic gel as its core, is prepared through a heating reaction, and an artificial interface layer is constructed on the surface of the lithium metal anode using a spin-coating method. This gel material possesses abundant metal open sites and a three-dimensional network microstructure, effectively adsorbing anions and solvent molecules, promoting lithium-ion dissociation and desolvation, while simultaneously accommodating deposited lithium metal. Symmetrical batteries based on this interface layer exhibit excellent cycle stability, operating stably for over 1000 hours with an overpotential below 20 mV, and effectively suppressing lithium dendrite growth. This invention provides a reliable material basis and technical solution for constructing high-energy-density, high-safety lithium metal batteries.

This invention discloses a method for preparing a modified electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries and its application. The preparation method includes: dissolving zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate in deionized water, subjecting it to ultrasonic treatment and stirring at room temperature, adding allantoin and acetylurea, and stirring evenly in a 50°C water bath to obtain a clear and transparent modified electrolyte. This invention utilizes allantoin to construct a stable solid electrolyte interface layer on the zinc anode surface, physically blocking water molecules and inducing zinc ions to deposit oriented along the (002) crystal plane. Simultaneously, the weak coordination of acetylurea lowers the desolvation energy barrier of zinc ions, accelerating interfacial ion conduction. The synergistic effect of these two factors results in an electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, low deposition overpotential, and significantly inhibited dendrite growth, greatly improving the cycle stability and rate performance of zinc-ion batteries. This invention features a simple preparation process, controllable cost, and is suitable for large-scale applications of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

The application relates to a lithium precipitation window determination method, which comprises the following steps: obtaining the corresponding relationship between the state of charge and the anode potential of a target battery during the charging process; and determining the target lithium precipitation window of the target battery according to the corresponding relationship; wherein the target battery comprises a first battery and a second battery, the first battery is a lithium precipitation battery, and the second battery is a lithium precipitation battery. The method provided in the application embodiment does not need to measure the corresponding overpotential when the battery precipitates lithium, but only needs to obtain the corresponding relationship between the state of charge and the anode potential of the first battery subjected to lithium precipitation treatment and the second battery not subjected to lithium precipitation treatment, and determine the target lithium precipitation window according to the corresponding relationship, so that the accuracy of the determined target lithium precipitation window is improved.

This invention relates to the field of new energy materials and devices, and discloses a solid-state Li-CO2 battery catalytic cathode based on rare earth element Gd and its preparation method. The cathode comprises a stacked current collector layer and a cathode material layer; the cathode material layer includes a stacked catalytic active material layer and a solid electrolyte layer; the solid electrolyte layer is disposed on the side of the catalytic active material layer near the anode material layer; the catalytic active material layer includes Gd-doped Mn3O4 catalytic active material; the solid electrolyte layer is formed by in-situ polymerization of a multi-arm branched polymeric ionic liquid on the cathode surface. The Gd-Mn3O4 catalytic cathode of this invention effectively reduces the reaction energy barriers of CRR and CER at 200 mA·g. ‑1 The charging plateau can be reduced to ≤3.8 V and the discharging plateau to ≥2.6 V under current density, and the overpotential is significantly lower than that of traditional Mn3O4-based cathodes.

The application provides a metal-loaded transition metal oxide-transition metal chalcogenide composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, a transition metal chalcogenide nanoshell is wrapped on the surface of a transition metal oxide nanoparticle to form a core-shell structure, and metal microparticles are loaded on the surface of the transition metal chalcogenide nanoshell, the metal microparticles are single atoms, nanoclusters or nanocrystals. The composite material has double active sites of metal and chalcogen vacancies, and the nanoshell and the metal microparticles are closely combined at a molecular scale, so that the core-shell structure composite material has lower overpotential, smaller Tafel slope and impedance, larger surface active area and better durability when used as an electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic HER. The application solves the problem that pH restricts electrocatalytic HER of a transition metal chalcogenide, provides an atomic-level design strategy for preparing a high-efficiency full-pH electrocatalyst, and has important significance for promoting sustainable hydrogen production by water electrolysis.

This application relates to a solid-state battery, a preparation method thereof, preparation equipment, and an electrical equipment. The solid-state battery of this application includes a positive electrode, a sulfide solid electrolyte layer, and a nanocrystal layer; the positive electrode and the nanocrystal layer are respectively located on two opposite surfaces of the sulfide solid electrolyte layer; the material of the nanocrystal layer includes at least one of a lithium-silicon compound, a lithium-silicon-germanium compound, and a doped or undoped lithium-germanium compound; the lithium-silicon compound includes at least one of Li 12 Si7, Li 13 Si4, and Li7Si3 and at least includes Li 12 Si7; the lithium-silicon-germanium compound includes Li 12 (Si 1‑x Ge x )7, where 0 < x ≤ 0.3; the lithium-germanium compound includes at least one of Li 12 Ge7, Li7Ge3, and Li 13 Ge4, and the doping element in the lithium-germanium compound includes at least one of Al, Ga, and B; the grain diameter in the nanocrystal layer is 3 nm to 20 nm; the solid-state battery has no initial negative electrode. The solid-state battery of this application can deposit lithium orderly on the surface of the sulfide solid electrolyte, and the nucleation overpotential is relatively low.

This application provides an electroplating method for high aspect ratio vias on multilayer circuit boards, relating to the field of printed circuit board manufacturing technology. The method employs a three-stage gradient increasing pulse current waveform, dividing the electroplating process into a low current density penetration stage, a medium current density filling stage, and a high current density sealing stage, executed sequentially. The peak current density and duty cycle of each stage increase progressively. During stage switching, a precision metering pump adjusts the concentration ratio of leveling agent to accelerator in the electroplating solution in real time, causing the ratio to decrease progressively from a high value in the first stage to a low value in the third stage. During pulse shutdown, oscillating jet stirring forces liquid phase renewal in the vias. An auxiliary reference electrode array monitors the local overpotential at different depths of the vias in real time to adaptively determine the stage switching timing. This method solves the technical problem of copper layer uniformity deterioration in traditional electroplating processes under aspect ratios ≥10:1.

This invention discloses a stacking fault-enriched Co / CoO composite catalytic material and a gas battery, belonging to the field of metal-gas battery and carbon dioxide electrochemical conversion technology. This invention constructs a high-density stacking fault-enriched Co / CoO composite catalytic material by intercalating Co atoms into the CoO lattice through in-situ reduction via waste plastic pyrolysis or gas-phase reduction-induced intercalation, exhibiting significant strain fluctuations and electron enrichment in the stacking fault regions. When this material or its derivatives are used as cathode catalysts in metal-CO2 gas batteries, they can achieve directional control of the CO2 reaction pathway through stacking fault-induced local strain and electronic structure reconstruction, promoting the formation of oxalate intermediates and inhibiting carbonate deposition, thereby fundamentally improving the reversibility of metal-CO2 batteries and exhibiting universal advantages such as low overpotential, high capacity, and long cycle life. Furthermore, the material preparation process is simple, the raw materials are inexpensive, and it is environmentally friendly, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production.

The application belongs to the technical field of electrode materials, and particularly relates to a Pt-Co bimetallic site self-supporting integrated electrode and a preparation method and application thereof. The electrode takes carbon cloth as a substrate, and through in-situ growth of CoZn-MOFs, high-temperature annealing, acid washing etching and platinum impregnation anchoring, a nano-onion carbon loaded Pt-Co bimetallic site structure with carbon vacancy defects is prepared. By using a three-effect coupling mechanism of "confined catalysis-electric field enhancement-hydrogen overflow", at an ultra-low platinum loading (6.16 μg / cm 2 ), a 10 mA / cm² overpotential is only 14.1 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4; as a PEM electrolytic cell cathode, a 1.74 V cell voltage can drive 1000 mA / cm 2 for more than 1400 hours, solving the problems of high noble metal consumption, slow acid hydrogen evolution kinetics and poor stability of existing electrodes, and being suitable for industrial current density green hydrogen production.

This invention provides a solid polymer electrolyte membrane with high interfacial stability and its solvent-free preparation method. The method involves first drying lithium stearate powder and binder powder to remove moisture; then mixing the lithium stearate powder and binder powder, and synthesizing a novel polymer electrolyte-lithium stearate electrolyte membrane (LST) via a roll pressing method. This invention uses lithium stearate, and the prepared LST can suppress lithium growth by reducing surface overpotential and local current density, effectively promoting uniform lithium deposition and thus suppressing side reactions at the lithium anode. Experiments show that batteries using the LST prepared in this invention as the electrolyte (with LiFePO4 (LFP) as the positive electrode material and lithium metal as the negative electrode), as well as lithium-to-lithium half-cells, exhibit better electrochemical performance than the control group using a traditional organic Celgard 2500 separator, demonstrating the great potential of LST in long-life and high-performance lithium batteries.

This invention discloses a nitrogen, sulfur, and fluorine triple-doped metal-free carbon-based catalyst, its preparation method, and its applications, belonging to the field of electrochemical catalyst technology. The catalyst uses p-trifluoromethylthiobenzaldehyde and melamine as monomers, with dimethyl sulfoxide as the sulfur source in solvent, to form a porous organic polymer precursor via polymerization, followed by pyrolysis. This achieves highly efficient in-situ co-doping of nitrogen, sulfur, and fluorine. The resulting catalyst exhibits excellent dual-function catalytic activity for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution in alkaline electrolytes, with an oxygen reduction half-wave potential of 0.88 V and an OER overpotential of only 1.64 V at 10 mA cm⁻². The catalyst also possesses outstanding stability and resistance to methanol cross-contamination. A zinc-air battery assembled with this catalyst has an open-circuit voltage of approximately 1.50 V and a peak power density of 230.5 mW cm⁻², superior to commercial Pt / C. This invention utilizes inexpensive raw materials and a simple process, providing a high-performance dual-function catalyst for high-performance metal-air batteries.

The application provides a solid-state electrolyte filler, a preparation method of a solid-state electrolyte and a solid-state battery, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The first solid-state electrolyte filler can be compounded with polyethylene oxide to prepare a solid-state electrolyte, after anion separation, the vacancy of cation anchors TFSI ‑ , the charge is transferred to TFSI ‑ , the breaking of C-F bond is promoted, lithium fluoride is formed, the chlorine ion contained in the filler can be combined with lithium ion to form lithium chloride, then the SEI of the composite phase LiF-LiCl is generated, the SEI layer generated by the solid-state electrolyte with a higher content of lithium fluoride at the same temperature has a lower lithium deposition nucleation overpotential, a higher lithium cycle stability and a longer lithium metal full battery cycle life.

An electrode and a preparation method therefor, and a solid-state battery. The electrode comprises a current collector and a carbon nanotube layer that covers the current collector, wherein a catalyst is distributed at the bottoms and tops of carbon nanotubes. When the electrode is applied to a battery, the catalyst distributed at the bottoms and tops of the carbon nanotubes can synergistically induce the uniform deposition of lithium metal, and when lithium ions are uniformly distributed on the surface of the electrode and in the electrode, the situation of an excessively high local lithium-ion concentration does not occur, and the uniform deposition can avoid the generation of local overpotential, thereby preventing lithium plating; moreover, by designing and controlling the deposition amount of lithium to not exceed the maximum in-tube and inter-tube deposition capacity of the carbon nanotubes, the whole electrode is free from expansion and shrinkage during charging and discharging, thereby effectively limiting the expansion of lithium metal.

This invention relates to the field of electrocatalytic materials technology, specifically to a NiW2-WO2 / NF composite electrocatalytic material, its preparation method, and its applications. This catalytic material is prepared using nickel foam as a substrate through hydrothermal synthesis and hydrogen annealing reduction, forming a three-dimensional tetrahedral porous structure of NiW2 alloy and WO2 composite. This catalytic material exhibits ultra-high active site density, ultra-low charge transfer resistance, and a superhydrophobic surface, achieving a resistance of 10 mA·cm⁻¹. ‑2 and 1000mA·cm ‑2 The overpotentials were 15mV and 280mV, respectively, and the Tafel slope was 41mV·dec. ‑1 And at 500mA·cm ‑2 It operated stably for 500 hours. In-situ infrared spectroscopy confirmed that it can dynamically regulate the interfacial water structure, with four-coordinated hydrogen-bonded water (4HB-H2O) accounting for 35%, which enhances the connectivity of the hydrogen bond network and effectively reduces the water dissociation energy barrier, making it suitable for industrial-grade high-current water electrolysis for hydrogen production.

The application provides a composite current collector, a preparation method thereof and a negative electrode-free battery. The composite current collector comprises a current collector substrate, and an aluminum fluoride layer, an aluminum phosphide layer and a conductive layer which are sequentially arranged on at least one side surface of the current collector substrate. The composite current collector provided by the application has improved sodium affinity and reduced risk of interface side reaction by the aluminum fluoride layer covering the current collector substrate. The sodium nucleation overpotential is reduced by the aluminum phosphide layer, thereby further improving the sodium affinity. The current distribution and sodium deposition effect are optimized by the conductive layer. Therefore, the composite current collector has excellent sodium deposition uniformity, the negative electrode-free battery containing the composite current collector has high initial coulombic efficiency and excellent cycle stability. In addition, the composite current collector has the advantages of simple structure, easily available raw materials and easy realization of large-scale production.

This invention discloses a method for preparing an MMoP@CoP / Ti3C2 heterojunction electrocatalyst based on dp orbital coupling and its application in alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen evolution (HER) and total water electrolysis, belonging to the fields of electrocatalytic materials and new energy technology. This invention encapsulates polyoxometalates (POMs) in a cobalt-based imidazolium ester (ZIFL) framework and anchors them on Ti3C2 MXene. A strongly coupled MMoP@CoP / Ti3C2 (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) heterojunction is constructed in situ via low-temperature phosphating. By precisely controlling the work function difference (ΔΦ) at the heterojunction interface to 0.06 eV through the 3d orbitals of transition metal M and the 3p orbitals of P, the interfacial hydrogen overflow barrier is significantly reduced, achieving efficient alkaline HER and stable anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE). The obtained FeMoP@CoP / Ti3C2 exhibits high efficiency at 10 mAcm⁻¹. ‑2 The overpotential was only 58.9 mV, and the Tafel slope was 47.85 mV dec. ‑1 A symmetrical AEM electrolytic cell can achieve 1 Acm at 1.96 V. ‑2 It operates stably for 1000 hours, outperforming commercial Pt / C / / RuO2. This invention features a mild process, controllable structure, and low cost, providing a general preparation strategy for high-efficiency non-precious metal water electrolysis catalysts.

The application belongs to the technical field of electro-catalytic material and functional film preparation, and particularly relates to a method for in-situ construction of Ni-LDH film electrode by oxygen non-thermal plasma induction and application of the method in alkaline oxygen evolution reaction. The method comprises the following steps: adding ethanolamine into propionic acid, adding a nickel source, and preparing a nickel-containing precursor solution under the condition of heating and stirring; aging and centrifuging the precursor solution, and taking supernatant as a film-forming sol; spin-coating the film-forming sol on a substrate surface and drying to obtain a precursor film; and placing the precursor film in a microwave non-thermal plasma under an oxygen atmosphere, and in-situ converting the precursor film into a Ni-LDH film electrode containing interlayer anions. The method does not need high-temperature annealing and subsequent hydrothermal activation, and can directly obtain a Ni-LDH film with characteristics of layered double hydroxide. The obtained film shows good oxygen evolution catalytic activity and stability in an alkaline electrolyte, and has an overpotential less than 350 mV and a Tafel slope less than 80 mV / dec under a current density of 10 mA / cm2.

This disclosure discloses an aqueous high-voltage electrolyte and its preparation method, as well as a supercapacitor, belonging to the field of supercapacitor technology. The preparation method of the aqueous high-voltage electrolyte includes: adding an electrolyte salt to deionized water and stirring until the electrolyte salt is completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution; adding a high-voltage additive and a hydrogen-eliminating additive to the mixed solution, and stirring to obtain the aqueous high-voltage electrolyte. This disclosure utilizes the synergistic effect of two additives, which preferentially adsorb at the electrode / electrolyte interface. By adjusting the interfacial double-layer structure, disrupting the hydrogen bond network of water molecules, or forming a protective layer, these additives effectively increase the water decomposition overpotential, thereby achieving a stable widening of the operating voltage window without significantly altering the basic composition and physicochemical properties of the electrolyte.

This invention relates to the field of electrocatalytic materials technology, and discloses a Ni / Co co-doped Fe(OH)3 composite electrocatalytic material, its preparation method, and its application. The preparation method involves using Fe(NO3)3·9H2O as the iron precursor, and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and Co(NO3)2·6H2O as Ni precursors, respectively. 2+ and Co 2+ The doping source was prepared into a mixed precursor solution; the cleaned conductive substrate was dried; then the conductive substrate was placed in the electrochemical reaction system for deposition, and after deposition, it was rinsed and dried. This invention, by introducing Ni and Co elements to synergistically regulate the electronic structure and surface properties of Fe(OH)3, improves the conductivity and active site density of the material, reduces the overpotential of the oxygen evolution reaction, and enhances the catalytic reaction kinetics, providing a new technical solution for developing high-performance non-noble metal electrocatalysts and reducing the cost of hydrogen production through water electrolysis.

The application provides a method for improving the performance of Ru-MnO2 catalyst slurry based on liquid-electric effect. The catalyst is dispersed in 500 μL of deionized water, 500 μL of isopropyl alcohol and 20 μL of Nafion, and then subjected to liquid-electric effect treatment by applying a pulse voltage between two parallel carbon paper electrodes, and at the same time, the slurry is placed in an ice bath to maintain the temperature at 0 DEG C. The slurry after liquid-electric effect treatment is subjected to ice bath ultrasonic dispersion. The Ru-MnO2 catalyst slurry obtained is uniform and has superior catalytic performance. The experiment shows that the sample treated for 20 minutes has the lowest overpotential and the best catalytic activity at 10 mA / cm 2 current density in 0.5 M H2SO4, and the catalytic activity is the best. The method is simple in operation, green and environmentally friendly, has high controllability and good repeatability.

This application belongs to the field of battery technology, specifically relating to an electrolyte, a secondary battery, and an electrical device. The electrolyte provided in this application comprises sodium salt and lithium salt. The deposition overpotential of lithium metal in the electrolyte is higher than that of sodium metal, and this electrolyte exhibits film-forming selectivity, which is beneficial for improving the cycle performance of the secondary battery. The secondary battery provided in this application includes this electrolyte and also includes a positive electrode. The active material in the positive electrode includes sodium-ion positive electrode active material and lithium-ion positive electrode active material. The charging plateau voltage of the sodium-ion positive electrode active material in the battery is lower than that of the lithium-ion positive electrode active material. The electrolyte and positive electrode in this secondary battery are compatible, further improving the storage performance of the secondary battery.

The application discloses a rare earth single atom-carbon nitride quantum dot current collector, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of current collector preparation. The current collector comprises a metal substrate and a composite modification layer, and the composite modification layer is composed of rare earth single atoms anchored on the surface of nitrogen-doped carbon nitride quantum dots. The preparation method comprises the following steps: first, preparing carbon nitride quantum dots; then, introducing pyridine nitrogen to prepare nitrogen-doped carbon nitride quantum dots; then, anchoring rare earth single atoms on the surface of the quantum dots; and finally, depositing the composite modification layer on the surface of the metal substrate by electrophoresis to obtain the rare earth single atom-carbon nitride quantum dot current collector. When the current collector is applied to a negative electrode-free sodium battery, the nitrogen-doped quantum dots provide high-density sodium-friendly sites, and the rare earth single atoms significantly reduce the sodium nucleation overpotential, so that the sodium ions are uniformly deposited and the dendrite growth is inhibited, and the current collector is suitable for the negative electrode of the negative electrode-free sodium battery.

This invention provides a cathode electrode for water electrolysis that achieves catalytic performance equivalent to, or even exceeding, that of platinum (Pt), without using any platinum (Pt). [Solution] In a cathode electrode used for hydrogen production by water electrolysis, the spaces between tungsten carbide (WC) nanoparticles are composed of a sintered alloy with nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) as binder phases. The sintered alloy constituting the cathode electrode contains 5-25% by weight of Ni and 0.5-3.0% by weight of Cr. By using this sintered alloy as the cathode electrode for water electrolysis, the hydrogen overpotential (ηH(V)) during hydrogen production is reduced, enabling highly efficient and stable hydrogen production.