883 results about "Water splitting" patented technology

A large area nitride crystal, comprising gallium and nitrogen, with a non-polar or semi-polar large-area face, is disclosed, along with a method for making. The crystal is useful as a substrate for a light emitting diode, a laser diode, a transistor, a photodetector, a solar cell, or for photoelectrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation.

A large area nitride crystal, comprising gallium and nitrogen, with a non-polar or semi-polar large-area face, is disclosed, along with a method of manufacture. The crystal is useful as a substrate for a light emitting diode, a laser diode, a transistor, a photodetector, a solar cell, or for photoelectrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation.

The present invention provides a revolutionary photosynthetic ethanol production technology based on designer transgenic plants, algae, or plant cells. The designer plants, designer algae, and designer plant cells are created such that the endogenous photosynthesis regulation mechanism is tamed, and the reducing power (NADPH) and energy (ATP) acquired from the photosynthetic water splitting and proton gradient-coupled electron transport process are used for immediate synthesis of ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) directly from carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). The ethanol production methods of the present invention completely eliminate the problem of recalcitrant lignocellulosics by bypassing the bottleneck problem of the biomass technology. The photosynthetic ethanol-production technology of the present invention is expected to have a much higher solar-to-ethanol energy-conversion efficiency than the current technology and could also help protect the Earth's environment from the dangerous accumulation of CO₂ in the atmosphere.

A nitride crystal or wafer with a removable surface layer comprises a high quality nitride base crystal, a release layer, and a high quality epitaxial layer. The release layer has a large optical absorption coefficient at wavelengths where the base crystal is substantially transparent and may be etched under conditions where the nitride base crystal and the high quality epitaxial layer are not. The high quality epitaxial layer may be removed from the nitride base crystal by laser liftoff or by chemical etching after deposition of at least one epitaxial device layer. The nitride crystal with a removable surface layer is useful as a substrate for a light emitting diode, a laser diode, a transistor, a photodetector, a solar cell, or for photoelectrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation.

The invention provides methods for reduction of metal oxide particles using a high temperature solar aerosol reactor. The invention also provides metal-oxide based processes for the generation of hydrogen from water splitting using a high temperature solar aerosol reactor. In addition, the invention provides solar thermal reactor systems suitable for use with these processes.

An ultralow defect gallium-containing nitride crystal and methods of making ultralow defect gallium-containing nitride crystals are disclosed. The crystals are useful as substrates for light emitting diodes, laser diodes, transistors, photodetectors, solar cells, and photoelectrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generators.

The invention relates to a hydroxyl oxidize iron-nickel-iron hydrotalcite integrated oxygen evolution electrode applicable to alkaline mediums and a preparation method and application thereof. The electrode is applicable to the oxygen evolution reaction in the water-electrolytic hydrogen making process under catalytic alkaline conditions. The hydroxyl oxidize iron-nickel-iron hydrotalcite integrated oxygen evolution electrode and the preparation method and application thereof have the advantages as follows: the nickel-iron hydroxide integrated electrode is shape-controlled, the preparation process is simple and under mild conditions, and the electrode can be used for a water electrolytic tank for hydrogen production from water splitting under external bias potentials; the prepared hydroxyloxidize iron-nickel-iron hydrotalcite integrated oxygen evolution electrode further has a better performance when being used in an alkaline solid polymer electrolyte (AEM) water electrolytic tank; and besides, an extensive utilization value in achieved in regenerative fuel cells (RFC), photoelectro-catalytic devices and electrolytic hydrogen generators.

Processes for desalting glycerol-rich solutions or process streams using electrodialysis are provided. The glycerol-rich process streams are typically byproducts from the production of biodiesel. Following electrodialysis, the resulting aqueous salt solution is placed in a water splitting cell to recover the acid and base components of the salt. These acid and base components, in turn, can be reused in other processes, such as biodiesel production.

Techniques for processing materials for manufacture of gallium-containing nitride substrates are disclosed. More specifically, techniques for fabricating and reusing large area substrates using a combination of processing techniques are disclosed. The methods can be applied to fabricating substrates of GaN, AlN, InN, InGaN, AlGaN, and AlInGaN, and others. Such substrates can be used for a variety of applications including optoelectronic devices, lasers, light emitting diodes, solar cells, photo electrochemical water splitting and hydrogen generation, photo detectors, integrated circuits, transistors, and others.

The invention belongs to the technical field of catalytic and energy storage applications of high-entropy alloys, and particularly relates to a nanometer porous high-entropy alloy catalytic electrode,a preparing method thereof and applications of the electrode in bi-functional catalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The electrode includes, by mole, 15-50% of Ni, 5-20% of a transition metal A, 15-50% of Mo, 5-25% of a transition metal B and 5-40% of Mn, wherein the transition metal A is Fe or Cu, and the transition metal B is one of Co, Ti or W. The alloy electrode has a porous structure, pore diameters range from 2 nm to 500 nm, and the specific surface area is 10-80 m<2>/g. The alloy electrode has advantages of 1) capability of being three-dimensional, porous, self-supporting and no need of any support or adhesive; 2) a large specific surface area and good electrical conductivity; 3) a simple material structure of the non-noble-metal porous high-entropy electrode, rich raw material sources, low prices and controllable preparation conditions; and 4) excellent catalytic performance.

The invention relates to a BiVO4 nano photoelectrode and application thereof in the aspect of hydrogen production from water splitting, which can increase photocurrent and greatly improve the efficiency of quantum conversion. The BiVO4 nano photoelectrode comprises a BiVO4 nano-pore thin film, and BiVO4 is doped with metal cation, wherein the metal cation is one or a mixture with an arbitrary proportion of more than two of Sr<2+>, Ba<2+>, Cr<6+> and W<6+> by arbitrary proportion. As an improvement of the invention, the surface of the BiVO4 nano-pore thin film is also modified with a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is one or a mixture with an arbitrary proportion of more than two of the oxides of the hydroxides of Rh, W, Mo, Co, Fe, Mn and Ni. Compared with a pure BiVO4 electrode, the quantum conversion efficiency of the invention is greatly increased and reaches 70 percent within a wavelength range of 360-450nm, and a photoresponse range is broadened to 510nm.

The invention provides a NiFeP bifunctional transition metal phosphide catalyst which has a nanosheet structure, wherein the nanosheet has a length of 2-5 m and a thickness of 100-200 nm; the invention also provides a preparation method and use of the NiFeP bifunctional transition metal phosphide catalyst. The NiFeP bifunctional transition metal phosphide catalyst provided by the invention has a microstructure that the nanosheet having a relatively large specific surface area is used as a water-splitting electro-catalyst, so that the catalyst has higher catalytic performance. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: using ferronickel compound, ammonium fluoride and urea as raw materials; growing NiFe-LDH nanosheets on a substrate under heat preservation; and phosphating at a low temperature to obtain NiFeP transition metal phosphide nanosheets. The operation is simple; the production cost is low; and the prepared phosphide catalyst is applied to full hydrolysis in an alkaline environment and has excellent full hydrolysis catalyzing performance.

The invention belongs to the field of photocatalyst application of organic semiconductors and in particular relates to application of a heteroatom-containing triazine covalent organic framework material in photocatalysis. The heteroatom-containing triazine covalent organic framework material serves as a photocatalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: introducing heteroatoms through heterocyclic aldehyde group monomers, carrying out a condensation polymerization reaction with binary or poly-element amidino compounds in the presence of a basic catalyst, thereby obtaining theproduct. The material serves as the photocatalyst, and is capable of degrading organic pollutants in water and producing hydrogen under light conditions by virtue of water splitting. According to themethods, the heteroatom-containing triazine covalent organic framework material is introduced to serve as the photocatalyst, and is high in catalytic efficiency, high in applicability and suitable for large-scale application.

A fuel cell system includes an accumulated current value measuring unit. The accumulated current value measuring unit measures an accumulated current value by time integration of current output from the fuel cell in a period during which oxygen is produced by water-splitting reaction in an anode of a negative voltage cell. A control unit uses a first correlation between the accumulated current value in the oxygen generation period and an oxygen consumption rate in the anode and a second correlation between a current density of the fuel cell in the oxygen generation period and an oxygen production rate in the anode to obtain a current density at or below which the amount of oxygen in the anode may be reduced, and causes the fuel cell to output electric power at a current density lower than the obtained current density.

The present invention provides a water decomposition photocatalyst and a preparation method thereof, wherein the catalyst is a carbon quantum dot-carbon nitride composite catalyst, the carbon quantum dot concentration in the catalyst is 4.8*10<-3>, and carbon quantum dots are respectively performed, the carbon quantum dot solution is further treated through ammonia water, and the obtained material and carbon nitride are subjected to compounding preparation. According to the present invention, the catalyst can have good stability after being subjected to dry reuse 200 times, and the quantum efficiency of the catalyst does not produce significant degeneration after 50 cycles.

The invention discloses a Pd nano-particle loaded ferronickel double hydroxide nanosheet array structure material, a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding nickel salt, ferric salt, urea and quaternary ammonium salt into absolute methanol, ultrasonically dissolving the components, adding a palladium source solution, uniformly mixingthe components, transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle, obliquely placing foamed nickel into the mixed solution, carrying out solvothermal reaction, naturally cooling the reaction product to room temperature, and washing and drying the reaction product to obtain the Pd nanoparticle loaded NiFe LDH nanosheet array structure material. The material has the advantages of high activity, good durability, simple preparation process and low cost in alkaline electrolyte, shows excellent activity and stability for oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction and total hydrolysis reaction, and has very high value in practical application of electro-catalytic water decomposition materials.

The invention discloses a high-performance oxygen evolution CoO@Co-NC/C composite catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof. The composite catalyst is prepared by loading Co-coated CoO nano particles and nitrogen doped carbon on a carbon material; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a nitrogen-containing organic small molecule compound, the carbon material and organic acid cobalt salt through a liquid phase, and performing evaporation and drying to obtain mixed powder; putting the mixed powder in a protection atmosphere, and performing two-stage roasting treatment to obtain the CoO@Co-NC/C composite catalyst. The preparation method is simple, low in cost and favorable for industrial production; the prepared CoO@Co-NC/C composite catalyst is applied to water decomposition or the storage and conversion system of renewable resources such as metal-air secondary batteries, and has the characteristics of high activity and high stability; comparedwith a RuO2 commercial catalyst, the CoO@Co-NC/C composite catalyst has better comprehensive performance and shows a good application prospect.

The invention discloses a method for treating oily sludge through the multistage extraction-splitting coupling of a supercritical fluid. Oily sludge is subjected to harmless treatment and resource utilization by using oily sludge reduction, hardening and tempering, flash evaporation, multistage supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical water-splitting coupling technologies, wherein light oil components can be obtained by flash evaporation, heavy oil, high phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon can be obtained by various supercritical fluid gradient extractions, residual heavy colloids and asphaltene in oily sludge are split into propylene, butylene, light oil and heavy oil components by supercritical water-splitting, and the heavy oil components are utilized against by supercritical fluid extraction. The method disclosed by the invention can carry out system separation and comprehensive utilization on oily sludge; required equipment scale is small, industrial amplification is relatively easy; treated oily sludge is relatively high in organic matter removal rate, can reach landfill standards, and is high in treatment efficiency; and compared with traditional oily sludge treatment methods, the method can maximally recover petroleum resources, therefore, the method has a relatively high industrial economic value, and remarkable economic and environment-friendly comprehensive benefits.