750 results about "Water splitting" patented technology

The invention discloses an acylhydrazone bond-linked three-component covalent organic framework material and application thereof in photocatalytic full-decomposition of water. The three-component COFs expands the designability of the structure and function of the porous organic material by generating ordered anisotropic tiling and ordered pores with abnormal shapes. In addition, COFs connected through acylhydrazone bonds have good thermal stability and chemical stability, and nitrogen atoms on the acylhydrazone bonds can provide a large number of sites for load metal. According to the invention, two electron-deficient and electron-rich nodes are introduced into a COFs framework to form a donor-pi-acceptor structure motif, and Pt metal nanoparticles are loaded onto a three-component covalent organic framework material by using a NaBH4 reduction method. The material has great potential in the aspect of producing H2 and H2O2 through photocatalytic full decomposition of water by taking water as a reactant while solar energy is utilized and a sacrificial agent is not added.

The invention relates to the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production, in particular to a self-supporting hollow carbon membrane electrode and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that a self-supporting hollow carbon nanofiber membrane with metal M and metal M compound heterojunction is prepared through a coaxial electrostatic spinning technology; the self-supporting electrode with a high specific surface area and a rapid mass transfer channel is formed by regulating and controlling the flow rate of the spinning solution of the outer layer and the inner layer and a high-temperature carbonization process, the metal M is selected from one of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese and molybdenum, and the metal M compound is one of oxide, hydroxide, carbide, nitride, phosphide and chalcogenide. Compared with the prior art, the self-supporting hollow carbon membrane electrode disclosed by the invention has good mechanical stability, good hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and excellent HER and OER bifunctional catalytic activity, and can be used for efficiently and completely decomposing water.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a rare earth element doped nickel-based selenide nano-material and application of the rare earth element doped nickel-based selenide nano-material in electro-catalysis water full-hydrolysis reaction. According to the method, nickel salt, cerium salt, selenium dioxide and potassium chloride are prepared into electrolyte, and the electrolyte is subjected to electro-deposition on a foamed nickel substrate to obtain Ce-doped Ni0.85Se nanoparticles growing on foamed nickel. The crystal structure and electron distribution of Ni0.85Se are optimized by doping trace rare earth element cerium, so that the HER and OER performances of the Ni0.85Se are greatly improved. The prepared catalyst is self-supporting closely-packed nanoparticles, the formed amorphous structure is easy to expose more active sites, the catalyst has good electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution performance under alkaline conditions, the overpotential in electrocatalysis of nickel-based selenide is greatly reduced, and the electrocatalytic performance of nickel-based selenide is improved. And excellent electro-catalytic activity is shown in electro-catalytic water full hydrolysis. And the self-supporting electrode is not easy to fall off due to generation of bubbles in the reaction process, so that the working stability of the catalyst is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric catalytic materials, and particularly relates to an experimental method for rapidly preparing a copper oxide nanowire and application of the copper oxide nanowire. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adopting a copper net as a substrate, rapidly preparing a Cu (OH) 2 nanowire array on the surface of the copper net through a constant-voltage anodic oxidation method, rapidly dehydrating Cu (OH) 2 through high-temperature heat treatment, and preparing the CuxO nanowire array in situ. Compared with the existing P-type semiconductor material, the material has a wider visible light absorption range as a photoelectric catalytic material, and has better performance in the fields of hydrogen production through photoelectric water decomposition and photo-assisted Li-CO2 batteries. The problem of low light energy utilization rate is solved, and the copper oxide nanowire material is beneficial to separation of photo-induced electrons and hole pairs, so that the charge-discharge voltage close to a theoretical value can be measured when the copper oxide nanowire material is used as the positive electrode material of the Li-CO2 battery.

The invention is suitable for the technical field of OER catalysts, and provides a preparation method of a nanowire array composed of a ferrocobalt-based heterostructure, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: pretreating a foamed nickel substrate; performing in-situ growth of a precursor CoFe-LDH nanosheet on the NF through a hydrothermal method; and synthesizing the nanowire array composed of the ferrocobalt-based heterostructure: putting a precursor into a muffle furnace, heating, keeping the temperature so that the precursor is thoroughly converted into a Co-Fe-O intermediate, immersing NF on which the intermediate grows into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle lining, carrying out a hydrothermal reaction, and naturally cooling to the room temperature to obtain a Co9S8-Fe3O4 / VNF composite material (the vulcanized NF is abbreviated as VNF), so that the nanowire array composed of the ferrocobalt-based heterostructure and the Co9S8-Fe3O4 / VNF composite material is obtained. The nanowire array is composed of a ferrocobalt-based heterostructure. The invention further provides a nanowire array composed of the ferrocobalt-based heterostructure and application of the nanowire array in preparation of a working electrode of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst. According to the heterostructure catalyst provided by the invention, the adsorption strength of an OER intermediate can be optimized to realize high intrinsic OER activity, and efficient and stable water decomposition is realized.

The invention relates to a catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and methods for using the catalyst in a water-splitting process. A hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst, and a method and use for preparing a HER electrocatalyst are disclosed. The method comprises the step of forming a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) interface at a heterojunction of at least one of two or more alternating layers of a first complex oxide and a second complex oxide, wherein the or each 2DEG interface exhibits a current density, corresponding to an intrinsic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity that renders the 2DEG interface(s) suitable as an HER electrocatalyst for producing hydrogen (H2) from a water-based electrolyte by water electrolysis.

The invention belongs to the field of preparation of nano materials, and discloses a CoP / Co (OH) 2 sea urchin-shaped heterojunction catalyst growing on foamed nickel and a preparation method and application of the CoP / Co (OH) 2 sea urchin-shaped heterojunction catalyst. Alkali cobalt carbonate (CoCH) is used as a precursor, a crystalline phase CoP substrate is generated through a low-temperature phosphating method, then the surface of the crystalline phase CoP substrate is uniformly coated with an amorphous Co (OH) 2 layer through an electro-deposition process, and the self-supporting phosphating / hydroxyl heterogeneous structure catalyst (CoP / Co (OH) 2) is successfully constructed. The obtained CoP / Co (OH) 2 shows excellent complete water splitting performance, and is benefited from the high-activity specific surface area (Cdl = 44.66 mF cm <-2 >) and the interface rapid electron conduction characteristic (Rct = 0.43 omega) of a heterogeneous structure; when two electrodes are assembled to fully decompose water, the cell voltage is only 1.780 V when the current density is 250 mA cm <-2 >, and after continuous operation is carried out for 24 hours, the performance is basically kept unchanged, and the voltage fluctuation ratio is lower than 0.5%. CoP / Co (OH) 2 is prepared into a 2 * 2cm < 2 > self-supporting electrode to construct AEMWE, only 2.08 V cell voltage is needed under the ultrahigh current density of 1A cm <-2 >, the AEMWE can stably run for 250 hours, the attenuation rate is 80 mu V h <-1 >, meanwhile, the hydrogen production efficiency is calculated to reach 96.2% through gas metering and Faraday law, and the engineering potential of the AEMWE in large-scale hydrogen production application is verified.

The present invention discloses a preparation method and application of a MOF-on-MOF heterojunction metal-organic framework material rich in oxygen defects, belonging to the technical field of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. The present invention first grows Ni NDC nanosheets in situ on a carrier by a solvothermal method, and then grows Fe BDC nanosheets on the surface of the Ni NDC nanosheets by a solvothermal method to form Ni NDC@Fe BDC ultra-thin nanosheets. This method can synthesize a MOF-on-MOF type metal-organic framework under the premise of lattice mismatch. The synthesized Ni NDC@Fe BDC combines the advantages of multi-component material hybridization, ultra-thin nanosheets and defect induction, which can increase the number of active sites and promote the rapid transfer / redistribution of electrons in the catalytic process. The MOF-on-MOF heterojunction metal-organic framework has good electrocatalytic performance and excellent total water decomposition performance in alkaline oxygen evolution reaction.

The invention belongs to the technical field of water purification, and particularly discloses commercial filtering type magnetization water purification equipment which comprises a first magnetization body, a second magnetization body and a water purification device. And the plurality of magnets are arranged outside the magnetized body at intervals in the circumferential direction. When the water flow moves along the spiral flow channel, the water flow not only rotates along with the flow channel, but also continuously cuts the surrounding magnetic induction lines, compared with a traditional linear flow channel, the relative movement of the water flow and the magnetic induction lines is more complex, hydrogen bonds among water molecules can be more effectively broken, macromolecular group water is decomposed into micromolecular group water, and the permeability and solubility of the water are improved.

A system for producing gas streams for use in synthetic fuel production through CO2 capture and water splitting is disclosed. The system includes a CO2 capture device configured to receive a CO2-containing stream and including an aqueous alkaline solution. The alkaline solution includes hydroxide and / or carbonate ions. The CO2 capture device generates a carbon-rich solution when the alkaline solution absorbs CO2. The carbon-rich solution includes carbonate and / or bicarbonate ions. The system also includes an electrolyzer fluidically coupled to the CO2 capture device, and defining a volume including an anode region having an anode, and a cathode region having a cathode. The volume includes an electrolyte solution having a pH gradient generated by an electric current, causing the electrolyte solution to be acidic in the anode region and alkaline in the cathode region. The carbon-rich solution is received into the electrolyzer. The electrolyzer generates hydrogen, oxygen, and CO2 streams.

An electrocatalyst, a method of producing hydrogen gas by a hydrogen evolution reaction, and a method of producing oxygen gas by an oxygen evolution reaction. The electrocatalyst includes manganese oxide nanoparticles, and silver containing nanoparticles disposed on the manganese oxide nanoparticles, the silver-containing nanoparticles include a shell of silver tungstate disposed on a core of Ag. The electrocatalyst has an electrical resistivity of 0.50×107 ohm (Ω) to 6.0×107Ω, a charge transfer resistance of 325Ω to 450Ω, a Tafel slope of 55 mV / dec to 125 mV / dec, and an overpotential at 10 mA / cm2 of 0.05 mV to 200 mV.

Six-membered high-entropy foam for hydrogen production by water splitting and preparation method are provided. The foam consists of Ni, Fe, Cu, Co, Mo, and Pt, comprising 10 at %-25 at % of Ni, 10 at %-25 at % of Fe, 10 at %-25 at % of Cu, 10 at %-25 at % of Co, 10 at %-25 at % of Mo, and 10 at %-25 at % of Pt. Catalyst loading of the foam can reach a range of 0.8 mg / cm2-3.2 mg / cm2, which is much higher than the effective catalyst loading of most nano-catalysts. When used as catalyst for hydrogen production by water splitting, the hydrogen evolution overpotential of the surface of the six-membered high-entropy foam is within a range of 36 mV-60 mV, and the foam operates stably at industrial-level current density (500 mA / cm2). The preparation method does not require harsh environment such as high temperature or high vacuum, making the method simple and easy to implement, with low-cost raw materials.

A nanocomposite catalyst for use as an electrode in water electrolysis includes a cobalt triazole (Co-Tri) metal-organic framework (MOF), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), carbon nanosheets (CNs), and an ionically conductive polymer binder. The mass ratio of the nanocomposite catalyst includes cobalt triazole metal-organic framework to the carbon quantum dots is in the range of 1:2 to 1:4, and the mass ratio of the cobalt triazole metal organic framework to the carbon nanosheets mass ratio is in the range of 1:4 to 1:6. The nanocomposite catalyst includes current density less than or equal to (≤) −5 milliampere per centimeter square (mA·cm−2) at an applied potential of −100 millivolts (mV) when catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water electrolysis.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a bimetallic sulfide / three-dimensional porous carbon catalyst, and relates to the technical field of electrolyzed water catalysts.The preparation method comprises the following steps that melamine sponge is cleaned, and the clean melamine sponge is obtained; the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving metal salt 1 and metal salt 2 in an ethanol aqueous solution, and adding alkali and an aniline monomer to obtain a precursor solution; completely soaking the clean melamine sponge in a precursor solution, carrying out constant-temperature hydrothermal reaction, and sequentially washing and drying to obtain the melamine sponge anchored with bimetal ions; introducing inert gas for protection, and performing high-temperature vulcanization treatment to obtain the three-dimensional porous carbon catalyst embedded with the bimetallic sulfide heterostructure. The catalyst comprises uniformly dispersed bimetallic sulfide nanoparticles and a spongy three-dimensional porous carbon carrier, shows excellent bifunctional catalytic activity and stability when being applied to an electro-catalytic water decomposition reaction, and has a wide application prospect.

The invention relates to a high-entropy perovskite material and a preparation method and application thereof, the chemical formula of the high-entropy perovskite material is ABO3, the A-site element is La element, and the B-site element is selected from 5-10 transition metal elements; the high-entropy perovskite material has a two-dimensional Tailing structure, nano-particles are arranged in a cross-linking manner, and gaps are formed among the particles. Compared with the prior art, the two-dimensional Turing structure high-entropy perovskite material is endowed with excellent electro-catalytic water decomposition hydrogen production performance due to unique morphology and components, is adaptive to fluctuation power of clean energy such as wind energy and solar energy, and has a wide industrial application prospect.

The application discloses a preparation method and application of a ferroelectric full water-splitting photocatalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1: pretreating a ferroelectric material to obtain a pretreated ferroelectric material; S2: after atomic layer deposition of the pretreated ferroelectric material and a metal organic complex source material, non-active gas I is introduced to perform blowing I, water is introduced, non-active gas II is introduced again to perform blowing II, and the first deposition is completed; and S3: according to the thickness of the ferroelectric full water-splitting photocatalyst, the step S2 is circularly performed to obtain the ferroelectric full water-splitting photocatalyst. The ferroelectric material can efficiently photocatalyze full water splitting through accurate regulation and modification of the surface of the ferroelectric material by the atomic layer deposition technology. The method not only provides an experimental basis for researching the limiting factors of the ferroelectric material in a photocatalytic reaction, but also provides a new idea for constructing an efficient photocatalyst by using efficient charge separation and depolarization electric field of the ferroelectric material.

A nanocomposite material including iron sulfide (FeS2) nanoparticles, iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, and graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) nanosheets and a method of its preparation. The nanocomposite is used in a method of forming oxygen gas from water using an applied voltage and photoirradiation, a method of forming hydrogen gas from water using an applied voltage and photoirradiation, and a method of photodegrading organic pollutants using visible light photoirradiation.

The present invention discloses a preparation method and application of a cadmium sulfide nanotube array catalyst. First, a cadmium sulfide nanorod array is prepared on a conductive glass by a hydrothermal method; then, a cadmium sulfide nanotube array catalyst is prepared by etching the cadmium sulfide nanorod array using a photolithography method. The cadmium sulfide nanotube array catalyst prepared by the present invention utilizes the excellent visible light absorption characteristics of cadmium sulfide to improve the light energy utilization rate, and uses a tubular nanostructure with a large specific surface area to increase the active area of the photoelectrocatalytic water splitting reaction, effectively promoting the separation and transmission of photogenerated carriers, inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated carriers, and showing excellent photoelectrocatalytic water splitting hydrogen production performance. The process of the present invention is simple, the synthesized substance has high purity, the size is at the nanometer level, and the raw materials used are cheap, which is suitable for the field of photoelectrocatalytic water splitting hydrogen production.

The invention discloses a hydrogen-rich water generating device, and relates to the technical field of water treatment, the hydrogen-rich water generating device comprises a base and a support frame fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base; and the electrolysis mechanism is used for decomposing water into oxygen and hydrogen under the action of direct current, through the arrangement of the electrolysis mechanism, water flow in the electrolysis mechanism can be electrolyzed when the electrolysis mechanism works and is connected to a power source, and the principle is that the water is decomposed into the hydrogen and the oxygen through the direct current. In the electrolysis process, the cathode is subjected to a reduction reaction to generate hydrogen, the anode is subjected to an oxidation reaction to generate oxygen, and the total reaction is that water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen; the separation mechanism is used for shunting oxygen and hydrogen electrolyzed by the electrolysis mechanism, and the connecting frame is fixedly connected to the outer side face of the separation mechanism. And the effect of producing hydrogen-rich water by utilizing the electrolysis principle to produce hydrogen is achieved.

The present invention relates to a perovskite photoanode and, more specifically, to a perovskite photoanode comprising: an oxygen generation part comprising a first lower electrode, a first electron transport layer formed on the first lower electrode, a perovskite first light absorbing layer formed on the first electron transport layer, a first hole transport layer formed on the first light absorbing layer, a first upper electrode formed on the first hole transport layer, a first Ni thin-film layer formed on the first upper electrode, and an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst layer formed on the first Ni thin film layer; and a passivation part comprising a second lower electrode, a second electron transport layer formed on the second lower electrode layer, a perovskite second light absorbing layer formed on the second electron transport layer, a second hole transport layer formed on the second light absorbing layer, a second upper electrode formed on the second hole transport layer, and a second Ni thin-film layer formed on the second upper electrode, wherein the first lower electrode and the second upper electrode are electrically connected to each other.

The invention relates to the technical field of photo-anodes, in particular to a composite photo-anode with transition metal ions embedded into phosphoric acid small organic molecules and a preparation method of the composite photo-anode. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, soaking a bismuth vanadate photo-anode in a phosphoric acid small organic molecule solution, and then performing annealing treatment to obtain a phosphoric acid small organic molecule / photo-anode; and S2, soaking the phosphoric acid small organic molecule / photo-anode in a transition metal salt solution to obtain the composite photo-anode. According to the invention, hole storage and transmission functions of polyphosphoric acid small organic molecules and surface rapid water oxidation reaction kinetics of metal ions are synergistically utilized, on one hand, the electron-hole separation efficiency of bismuth vanadate is improved through hole storage, and on the other hand, surface hydroxyl groups of the polyphosphoric acid small organic molecules and transition metal ions are anchored; bismuth vanadate surface electron-hole separation and water oxidation kinetics are synergistically enhanced, charge recombination is synergistically inhibited, charge transfer power is promoted, and the photocurrent density and the water decomposition hydrogen production capacity of the photoanode are improved.

The invention discloses an additive, an electrolyte and a battery. The additive is pyridinium propane sulfonate. The additive provided by the invention can regulate and control the physicochemical properties of the electrolyte. At the interface of the zinc negative electrode and the electrolyte, polar functional groups pyridine and sulfonate ions are adsorbed on the surface of the negative electrode of the battery, so that on one hand, water molecules in the electrolyte can be prevented from being contacted with the zinc electrode, thereby inhibiting hydrogen evolution corrosion and passivation reaction caused by water decomposition; and on the other hand, the diffusion mode of zinc ions on the surface of the electrode can be regulated and controlled, and regular and compact electro-deposition of the zinc ions is induced, so that formation and growth of zinc dendrites are prevented at a relatively large probability. Meanwhile, sulfonate ions can be complexed with zinc ions, water molecules in solvation sheaths are eliminated, and the degree of side reaction is weakened. In conclusion, after the additive is used, the performance of the battery is remarkably improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid solution nanometer material preparation, and particularly relates to a ruthenium-cobalt solid solution oxide nanofiber material and a preparation method and application thereof. The ruthenium-cobalt solid solution oxide nano-fiber material is prepared by adopting an electrostatic spinning technology in combination with air atmosphere calcination, and the ruthenium-cobalt solid solution oxide nano-fiber material is integrally in a fiber form with a rough and uniform surface, and has more exposed active sites and excellent electron transmission performance. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement, relatively low in cost and short in preparation period, and industrial large-scale production can be realized. The ruthenium-cobalt solid solution oxide nanofiber material prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention is used as an electrocatalytic water decomposition bifunctional electrocatalyst, shows excellent hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution catalytic activity and stability under industrial-grade current density, and realizes efficient, stable, clean and green hydrogen energy production; the defects of low activity, poor stability, high price and the like of an industrial electrocatalyst are overcome, and the method has very high practical application and economic values.

The invention provides a Ti2C-coated MoS2 composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of catalytic hydrogen production. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a molybdenum source, a sulfur source, an organic solvent and Ti2C, and reducing under a high-temperature condition to obtain the Ti2C-coated MoS2 composite material. Ti2C and MoS2 are combined to form a heterostructure through a high-temperature reduction reaction, the excellent piezoelectric effect of the heterostructure is utilized, the catalytic activity and stability of molybdenum disulfide are remarkably improved, and the excellent hydrogen production rate is achieved when hydrogen is produced through piezoelectric catalysis of water decomposition. The result of the embodiment shows that the hydrogen production rate of the Ti2C-coated MoS2 composite material prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention can reach 870.09 [mu] mol.g <-1 >. H <-1 >.

A manganese-doped ruthenium dioxide nanofiber material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof in alkaline electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution at industrial-level current intensity belong to the technical field of controllable preparation of doped metal oxide nanomaterials. In the present invention, a manganese-doped ruthenium dioxide nanofiber material is prepared by two steps of electrospinning technology and calcination in an air atmosphere. The material exists in a uniform fiber morphology as a whole, and the surface is rough. This method is simple and efficient and can be applied to large-scale industrialization. The manganese-doped ruthenium dioxide nanofiber material prepared in the present invention, as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic water splitting, exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution catalytic activities and stability at industrial-level current density, realizes the efficient and stable preparation of clean and green hydrogen energy, solves the disadvantages of low catalyst activity and poor stability in current industry, and provides an efficient solution to the increasingly serious environmental problems, having high practical application and economic value.

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a thermal shock induced ferrocobalt double-doped metastable phase nickel / nickel oxide heterostructure (Co, Fe-Ni / NiO / NF) composite electrode. The preparation method comprises the following steps: cutting and cleaning the foamed nickel substrate; the preparation method comprises the following steps: growing a nickel-cobalt-iron layered double hydroxide nanosheet on a foamed nickel substrate through a constant-voltage deposition method; nickel-cobalt-iron prussian blue analogue nanoparticles grow in situ on the surface of the nickel-cobalt-iron layered double hydroxide nanosheet through an ion exchange method; and preparing the Co, Fe-Ni / NiO / NF composite electrode through a thermal shock method. The composite electrode has excellent catalytic activity and stability as a working electrode for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions. The composite electrode can be directly used as a cathode and an anode of an anion-exchange membrane electrolytic cell to efficiently catalyze a full-water decomposition reaction at different temperatures, and the electrolytic cell can stably operate for 1000 hours and 240 hours under the current densities of 0.1 A cm <-2 > and 1.0 A cm <-2 > respectively, so that the composite electrode has a good application prospect.

The invention discloses a CuS (at) gamma-MnS heterojunction photocatalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst is a heterojunction photocatalytic composite material formed by growing CuS nanosheets on a blocky gamma-MnS semiconductor material; during preparation, wurtzite phase gamma-MnS is synthesized at normal temperature through a ball milling method, CuS nanosheets grow in situ in combination with a low-temperature oil bath method to form a tight heterogeneous interface, and the crystal form regulated CuS gamma-MnS heterojunction photocatalyst is obtained. The CuS (at) gamma-MnS heterojunction photocatalyst based on crystal form regulation and control shows enhanced hydrogen production, double water decomposition and tetracycline hydrochloride degradation properties and excellent photocatalytic stability; the crystal form of the CuS-coated gamma-MnS heterojunction photocatalyst is accurately regulated and controlled through the full-normal-temperature process (ball milling and low-temperature oil bath), kilogram-level production can be achieved, energy consumption is reduced, and a new strategy is provided for design of industrial-level photocatalysts.

The invention relates to the technical field of catalysts, and particularly provides a low-load noble metal catalyst for industrial water electrolysis and a preparation method thereof. According to the preparation method, thin-layer two-dimensional layered double hydroxide (LDH) is used as a substrate material, a hydrothermal reaction is performed at a certain temperature and pressure to load noble metals (Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au and the like), then washing, impurity ion removal and drying are performed to obtain a target product, the obtained electrocatalyst is ultralow-loading noble metal loaded LDH, the loading amount of the noble metals accounts for 0.1 wt%-0.5 wt%, and the loading amount of the noble metals accounts for 0.1 wt%-0.5 wt%. The prepared electrocatalyst can realize efficient and stable water decomposition with industrial-grade current density. The obtained electrocatalyst has high catalytic activity and durability under industrial conditions; and the preparation process is simple to operate and good in repeatability, and the loading capacity of the noble metal is greatly reduced.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a negative electrode material for greatly exposing (101) crystal faces of a traditional commercial zinc foil by adopting a citric acid etching reaction and application of the negative electrode material in water-based zinc ion battery negative electrode protection. And the crystal faces (100) and (002) are etched off by using citric acid, and a large amount of the negative electrode material of the crystal face (101) is exposed. When applied to a negative electrode of a water-based zinc ion battery, the negative electrode material can improve the migration and nucleation capabilities of zinc ions in the negative electrode, can accelerate the dynamic process of rapid and uniform deposition of the zinc ions, and also can improve the stability of the battery. The stability and the dynamic performance of the negative electrode can be greatly improved, zinc ions can achieve rapid migration and uniform deposition on the surface of the negative electrode, and a good inhibition effect on hydrogen evolution and corrosion behaviors is achieved. Research finds that a layer of ZnS solid electrolyte membrane (SEI) protection layer is formed on the surface of the highly exposed Zn (100) negative electrode in the circulation process to prevent direct contact between an exposed crystal face and electrolyte, so that side reactions such as water decomposition and the like are inhibited, interface free energy is reduced, transfer kinetics of zinc ions is promoted, and the service life of the negative electrode is prolonged. And nucleation and deposition of uniform zinc ions are facilitated. The method for protecting the negative electrode of the aqueous zinc ion battery is simple and safe to operate, shows excellent reversibility, and can stabilize the output of the battery in a whole battery in practical application, and the method for protecting the negative electrode of the aqueous zinc ion battery is provided.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include techniques related to techniques for processing materials for manufacture of group-III metal nitride and gallium based substrates. More specifically, embodiments of the disclosure include techniques for substrates with a controlled oxygen gradient using a combination of processing techniques. Merely by way of example, the disclosure can be applied to growing crystals of GaN, AlN, InN, InGaN, AlGaN, and AlInGaN, and others for manufacture of bulk or patterned substrates. Such bulk or patterned substrates can be used for a variety of applications including optoelectronic and electronic devices, lasers, light emitting diodes, solar cells, photo electrochemical water splitting and hydrogen generation, photodetectors, integrated circuits, and transistors, and others.