2131results about "Electrolyte immobilisation/gelification" patented technology

Active metal and active metal intercalation electrode structures and battery cells having ionically conductive protective architecture including an active metal (e.g., lithium) conductive impervious layer separated from the electrode (anode) by a porous separator impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte (anolyte). This protective architecture prevents the active metal from deleterious reaction with the environment on the other (cathode) side of the impervious layer, which may include aqueous or non-aqueous liquid electrolytes (catholytes) and/or a variety electrochemically active materials, including liquid, solid and gaseous oxidizers. Safety additives and designs that facilitate manufacture are also provided.

Non-aqueous alkali metal (e.g., Li)/oxygen battery cells constructed with a protected anode that minimizes anode degradation and maximizes cathode performance by enabling the use of cathode performance enhancing solvents in the catholyte have negligible self-discharge and high deliverable capacity. In particular, protected lithium-oxygen batteries with non-aqueous catholytes have this improved performance.

Methods and articles relating to separation of electrolyte compositions within lithium batteries are provided. The lithium batteries described herein may include an anode having lithium as the active anode species and a cathode having sulfur as the active cathode species. Suitable electrolytes for the lithium batteries can comprise a heterogeneous electrolyte including a first electrolyte solvent (e.g., dioxolane (DOL)) that partitions towards the anode and is favorable towards the anode (referred to herein as an “anode-side electrolyte solvent”) and a second electrolyte solvent (e.g., 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME)) that partitions towards the cathode and is favorable towards the cathode (and referred to herein as an “cathode-side electrolyte solvent”). By separating the electrolyte solvents during operation of the battery such that the anode-side electrolyte solvent is present disproportionately at the anode and the cathode-side electrolyte solvent is present disproportionately at the cathode, the battery can benefit from desirable characteristics of both electrolyte solvents (e.g., relatively low lithium reactivity of the anode-side electrolyte solvent and relatively high polysulfide solubility of the cathode-side electrolyte solvent).

A method and apparatus for making thin-film batteries having composite multi-layered electrolytes with soft electrolyte between hard electrolyte covering the negative and/or positive electrode, and the resulting batteries. In some embodiments, foil-core cathode sheets each having a cathode material (e.g., LiCoO₂) covered by a hard electrolyte on both sides, and foil-core anode sheets having an anode material (e.g., lithium metal) covered by a hard electrolyte on both sides, are laminated using a soft (e.g., polymer gel) electrolyte sandwiched between alternating cathode and anode sheets. A hard glass-like electrolyte layer obtains a smooth hard positive-electrode lithium-metal layer upon charging, but when very thin, have randomly spaced pinholes/defects. When the hard layers are formed on both the positive and negative electrodes, one electrode's dendrite-short-causing defects on are not aligned with the other electrode's defects. The soft electrolyte layer both conducts ions across the gap between hard electrolyte layers and fills pinholes.

A lithium secondary battery comprising an electrode in which an active material layer which includes an active material that electrochemically occludes and releases lithium is formed on a current collector, wherein cracks are formed in the active material layer by occlusion and release of lithium ions and thereafter a solid electrolyte is formed in the cracks in the active material layer.

Synthesis process for new particles of Li4Ti5O12, Li(4-alpha)ZalphaTi5O12 or Li4ZbetaTi(5-beta)O12, preferably having a spinel structure, wherein beta is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5 (preferably having a spinel structure), alpha representing a number greater than zero and less than or equal to 0.33, Z representing a source of at least one metal, preferably chosen from the group made up of Mg, Nb, Al, Zr, Ni, Co. These particles coated with a layer of carbon notably exhibit electrochemical properties that are particularly interesting as components of anodes and/or cathodes in electrochemical generators.

A thin printed flexible electrochemical cell, and its method of manufacture, using a “picture frame” structure sealed, for example, with a high moisture and oxygen barrier polymer film and featuring, for example, a printed cathode deposited on an optional, highly conductive carbon printed cathode collector with a printed or a foil strip anode placed adjacent to the cathode. A viscous or gelled electrolyte is dispensed and/or printed in the cell, and a top laminate can then be sealed onto the picture frame. Such a construction could allow the entire cell to be made on a printing press, for example, as well as gives the opportunity to integrate the battery directly with an electronic application, for example.

An object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode material for non-aqueous electrolyte lithium-ion battery which capable of discharging high output power and inhibiting cracking of secondary particle in the cyclic endurance at a high temperature. The above object can be attained by a positive electrode material for non-aqueous electrolyte lithium-ion battery of the present invention, characterized in that said material comprises secondary particles composed of primary particles of lithium nickel composite oxide containing the primary particles having different aspect ratios, and that at least a part of said primary particles having different aspect ratios are arranged so as to make the longitudinal direction (the long side direction) thereof oriented toward the center of the secondary particle.

A negative electrode material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a high discharge capacity and a good cycle life is made from alloy particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1-50 mum and including Si phase grains 40 and a phase of a solid solution or an intermetallic compound of Si and other element selected from Group 2A elements, transition elements, Group 3B elements, and Group 4B elements from the long form periodic table (for example, an NiSi2 phase 42 and an [NiSi2+NiSi] phase 41) at least partially enveloping the Si phase grains. 5-99 wt % of this material is Si phase grains. The alloy particles can be manufactured by rapid solidification (such as atomization or roller quenching) of a melt including Si and the other element, or by adhering the other element to Si powder by electroless plating or mechanical alloying and then performing heat treatment. Even if rapid solidification is carried out, a negative electrode material having a good discharge capacity and cycle life is obtained without heat treatment.

A process for producing a lithium battery, comprising: (A) Preparing a plurality of conductive porous layers, wet anode layers, and wet cathode layers; (B) Stacking a desired number of porous layers and wet anode layers in an alternating manner to form an anode electrode having a thickness no less than 100 μm; (C) Placing a porous separator layer in contact with the anode electrode; (D) Stacking a desired number of porous layers wet cathode layers in an alternating manner to form a cathode electrode in contact with the porous separator, wherein the cathode electrode has a thickness no less than 100 μm; and (F) Assembling and sealing the anode electrode, separator, and cathode electrode in a housing to produce the lithium battery. The consolidated anode or cathode layer is preferably thicker than 300 more preferably thicker than 400 μm, and further more preferably greater than 500 μm.

A functionally improved battery is disclosed. The battery includes a flexible thin layer open liquid state electrochemical cell (10) and an electronic chip device (60) integrally formed on or within the electrochemical cell (10). The cell (10) includes a first layer of insoluble negative pole (14), a second layer of insoluble positive pole (16) and a third layer of aqueous electrolyte (12). The third layer (12) is disposed between the first (14) and second (16) layers. The third layer (12) includes a diliquescent material for keeping the cell wet, an electroactive soluble material for ionic conductivity and a watersoluble polymer for viscosity. The viscosity adheres the first (14) and second (16) layer to the third layer (12). The chip (60) serves to improve the functionality of the battery.

Disclosed is an electrochemical device, which comprises: (A) a binder comprising polymer particles obtained from the polymerization of: (a) 20-70 parts by weight of a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer; (b) 20-60 parts by weight of a vinyl monomer; and (c) 0.01-30 parts by weight of an unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, based on 100 parts by weight of a binder polymer; and (B) electrochemical cells stacked multiply by using the binder, wherein the binder allows electrode active material particles in an electrode to be fixed and interconnected among themselves and between the electrode active material and a collector, and the electrode and a separator that is in contact with the electrode are bonded to each other by way of hot fusion. The binder is also disclosed. The binder has excellent adhesion and thermal bonding characteristics, and thus is useful for an electrochemical device comprising multiply stacked electrochemical cells, and can improve the overall quality of a battery.

A polymer gel electrolyte includes an electrolyte solution composed of a plasticizer with at least two carbonate structures on the molecule and an electrolyte salt, in combination with a matrix polymer. Secondary batteries made with the polymer gel electrolyte can operate at a high capacitance and a high current, have a broad service temperature range and a high level of safety, and are thus particularly well-suited for use in such applications as lithium secondary cells and lithium ion secondary cells. Electrical double-layer capacitors made with the polymer gel electrolyte have a high output voltage, a large output current, a broad service temperature range and excellent safety.

A three-dimensional electrode structure for use in a battery comprising a porous three-dimensional substrate formed from a first electrically conductive material, an ion-conducting dielectric material disposed on the porous three dimensional substrate, and a second electrically conductive material disposed on the ion-conducting dielectric material, wherein the ion-conducting dielectric material separates the first electrically conductive material from the second electrically conductive material.

Provided is lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte or separator-electrolyte assembly disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the anode comprises: (a) a foil or coating of lithium or lithium alloy as an anode active material; and (b) a thin layer of a high-elasticity polymer having a recoverable tensile strain no less than 5%, a lithium ion conductivity no less than 10⁻⁶ S/cm at room temperature, and a thickness from 1 nm to 10 μm, wherein the high-elasticity polymer contains an ultrahigh molecular weight polymer having a molecular weight from 0.5×10⁶ to 9×10⁶ g/mole and is disposed between the lithium or lithium alloy and the electrolyte or separator-electrolyte assembly.

An electrode assembly is formed by respectively overlaying a sheet cathode 1, a sheet separator 3 and a double-sided sheet anode 8 to form a stacked structure 10, and subjecting the stacked structure to multiple folds, wherein the initial fold comprises folding the cathode in half around the double-sided anode so as to surround the respective upper and lower active anode surfaces thereof. The multiple folds may comprise one or more subsequent parallel folds made with the fold line D-D extending perpendicular to the original length of the stacked structure such that its overall length is halved at each fold. A pouch battery comprising said electrode assembly has improved safety and performance characteristics. The pouch battery construction has especial application to lithium primary batteries.

A rechargeable battery or cell is disclosed in which the electrode active material consists of at least one nonmetallic compound or salt of the electropositive species on which the cell is based, and the electrolyte or electrolyte solvent consists predominantly of a halogen-bearing or chalcogen-bearing covalent compound such as SOCl2 or SO2Cl2. Also disclosed are cell component materials which include electrodes that consist primarily of salts of the cell electropositive species and chemically compatible electrolytes. These latter electrolytes include several newly discovered ambient temperature molten salt systems based on the AlCl3-PCl5 binary and the AlCl3-PCl5-PCl3 ternaries.

A lithium secondary battery includes an electrode assembly having two electrodes and a separator interposed between the two electrodes, and a case for storing the electrode assembly, wherein the separator is formed by using a binder and a filler including a solid electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity. The lithium secondary battery has a separator and an electrolyte capable of increasing internal ion-conductivity. Also, a lithium secondary battery has a separator capable of safely preventing a short circuit between the electrodes in a possibly high temperature.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an all-solid polymer electrolyte through in-situ ring opening polymerization of an epoxy compound, and an application of the all-solid polymer electrolyte in an all-solid battery. The preparation method is characterized in that a liquid-state epoxy compound, a lithium salt, a battery additive and the like are employed as precursors and are injected into between a positive pole sheet and a negative pole sheet of the battery, and under a heating condition, in-situ polymerization solidification is carried out to form the all-solid polymer electrolyte, and furthermore, the all-solid battery is produced. The ionic conductivity at room temperature of the all-solid polymer electrolyte can reach from 1*10<-5> S/cm to 9*10<-3> S/cm and electric potential window is 3.5-5 V. The all-solid polymer electrolyte is prepared through the in-situ copolymerization method, so that the all-solid polymer electrolyte has excellent contact with electrodes, thereby greatly improving interface compatibility of the solid-state battery, reducing interface wetting and modification steps of the solid-state battery, reducing production cost of the solid-state battery and improving performances of the solid-state battery. The invention also discloses an all-solid polymer lithium battery assembled from the all-solid polymer electrolyte.

A non-aqueous electrolyte for use in an electrochemical cell comprising: (a) at least one organic solvent; (b) at least one electrolytically active salt represented by the formula:in which: M' is selected from a group consisting of magnesium, calcium, aluminum, lithium and sodium; Z is selected from a group consisting of aluminum, boron, phosphorus, antimony and arsenic; R represents radical selected from the following groups: alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, phenyl, benzyl, and amido; X is a halogen (I, Br, Cl, F); m=1-3; and n=0-5 and q=6 in the case of Z=phosphorus, antimony and arsenic, and n=0-3 and q=4 in the case of Z=aluminum and boron. Rechargeable, high energy density electrochemical cells containing an intercalation cathode, a metal anode, and an electrolyte of the above-described type are also disclosed.