3250 results about "Seawater desalination" patented technology

Methods are disclosed to de-sulfate saline streams such as seawater, brine from seawater desalination plants, and the like. The disclosed methods can also co-produce de-ionized water and inorganic materials from such de-sulfated saline streams.

The invention relates to a graphene composite material and a preparation method thereof. The graphene composite material provided by the invention is characterized in that a graphene material plate fixed on a metallic matrix serves as a carrier, and the elementary substance and/or a compound are compounded on the graphene surface. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a method for preparing the graphene composite material. The graphene composite material prepared by the invention is opened between graphene sheets and is compounded with a chemical substance under the condition that a space body structure is formed, and the obtained material has high conductivity, high specific surface area and excellent performance of low electrical resistivity between the sheets, and can be widely applied to the fields of energy storage materials such as lithium ion batteries, super-capacitors, super lead carbon batteries, super nickel-carbon electrodes, solar energy and fuel cells, the field of heat dissipation materials, the field of environment-friendly adsorbing materials, the field of sea water desalination materials, the field of photoelectric sensor materials, the biological relevance field, the field of catalyst materials and the fields of conductive ink and coating materials.

An impulse-type "wave motor" employs a seabed-mounted or supported structure mounting a wave energy absorbing panel on a hinged lever arm for reciprocation motion to obtain optimal absorption of wave energy from wave motion in the sea. For deepwater wavelengths of L, the panel is optimally positioned in a region within L/2 depth from the sea surface. The panel motion is coupled by a connecting rod to a fluid pump which generates a high-pressure fluid output that may be used to drive a reverse osmosis desalination unit or to produce other useful work. Seawater or brackish water may be desalinated through reverse osmosis membranes to produce water quality for consumption, agricultural, or other uses. The submerged operating environment of the device in a region of one-half the design wavelength provides the maximum available energy flux and forced oscillations. The pump may be of the positive-displacement piston type, plunger type, or multi-staging driver type, or a variable volume pump.

An optimal thermal seawater desalination process is disclosed, which combines two or more substantially different water pretreatment processes in a unique manner and in a special configuration, hereto unknown to prior desalination arts, to produce a high yield of high quality fresh water, including potable water. In this process a two stage NF membrane pretreatment unit (NF₂) with an energy recovery turbo charger (TC) device in between the stages or equipped with an energy recovery pressure exchanger (PX) is synergistically combined with at least one thermal desalination unit to form a dual hybrid of NF₂-Thermal (FIG. 4 ), or alternatively the two stage NF₂ unit is synergistically combined with a two stage SWRO unit (SWRO₂) with an energy recovery TC in between the stages or combined with one stage SWRO (SWRO₁) equipped with an energy recovery TC or PX system and the reject from the SWRO₂ or SWRO₁ unit is made make-up to a thermal unit to form a tri-hybrid of NF₂-SWRO_{2 reject}-Thermal (FIG. 5 ). In both the cases of di- or trihybrids the thermal unit is equivalent to a multistage flash distillation (MSFD) or multieffect distillation (MED) or vapor compression distillation (VCD) or thermal reheat (RH) evaporator. Typically a process of this invention using the two stage NF₂ initial pretreatment step will perform a semi-desalination step by reducing feed TDS by about 35 to 50%, but most important, especially to the thermal seawater desalination process, it removes the water recovery limiting, scale forming hardness ions of Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺ by better than 80% and their covalent anions of sulfate to better than 95% and bicarbonate to about 65%. The removal of scale forming hardness ions, especially SO₄⁼, and bicarbonates allowed for the operation of thermal unit in the above hybrids at top brine temperature (TBT) much greater than its present TBT limit by the singular conventional process of 120° C. for MSFD and operation of MED or VCD or RH unit at TBT much higher than their present TBT limit of 65-70° C., with many advantages gained by this process over prior art sweater desalination processes. The process of this invention exceeds all prior thermal seawater desalination arts in efficiency, including water yield, product water recovery ratio and unit water cost as well as in energy consumption per unit product which is equivalent or less than other efficient prior art seawater thermal desalination processes. By this process, an NF product recovery ratio of 75 and 80% or better is achieved from the high salinity Gulf sea (TDS≈45,000 ppm) and about an equal product recovery ratio is also obtained from the SWRO or thermal unit when it is operated on NF product for a total water recovery ratio in excess of 52% for seawater

A seawater desalination system is provided using a jet technique, which comprises a filter apparatus, a sonic energy treatment apparatus, and a desalination apparatus. After being coarse-filtered and fine-filtered, the seawater enters the sonic energy treatment apparatus. After being treated by the sonic energy treatment apparatus, the seawater is stored in a water storage tank in the form of small molecular clusters, and then pumped into a reverse osmosis membrane. After osmosis, the water becomes freshwater and stored in a freshwater tank. During the process, the reverse osmosis membrane can be replaced by a distillatory. The system has the advantages of a simple structure of the seawater desalination apparatus, less investment, low cost, and stable performance. The seawater is not only desalinated, but also chain-shortened into water of small molecular clusters, which is easily absorbed and utilized by human body.

The invention relates to a preparation method of an electrostatic spinning hydrophobic nanofiber porous membrane for membrane distillation. The method comprises the following steps of: dissolving a hydrophobic functional polymer material in the solvent to get a 1-35wt% polymer spinning solution, performing electrostatic spinning to get a hydrophobic nanofiber porous membrane, and further performing thermal treatment, thereby obtaining the electrostatic spinning hydrophobic nanofiber porous membrane for membrane distillation. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and practicable, and can be used for conveniently and accurately controlling the thickness and uniformity of the nanofiber membrane and realizing operations of mass production more easily; the high-hydrophobicity nanofiber porous membrane prepared by the preparation method can be used for signally improving the defects of the conventional membrane for membrane distillation that the water flux is low and the membrane pores get wet easily, so that the membrane distillation technology can compete with a reverse osmosis technology in the seawater desalination field.

In one embodiment, this invention pertains to desalination of seawater by feeding methane into seawater at a depth generally exceeding 100 meters to form methane hydrate which rises to where it is decomposed into methane and water, and recoverig water. Methane is recycled to depth to form more buoyant hydrate.

The invention discloses a differential energy recovery device and a method for a seawater desalination system. The differential energy recovery device comprises two hydraulic cylinders connected in parallel. A piston divides each hydraulic cylinder into two cavities. The piston is fixedly connected with a piston rod. A low-pressure raw water inlet is connected with two left cavities through liquid inlet valves. The left cavities are connected with a high-pressure raw water outlet through liquid drain valves. Two right cavities are connected with reversing valves. The reversing valves are connected with a high-pressure concentrated water inlet and are connected with a low-pressure concentrated drain outlet. The method is that high-pressure concentrated water coming from a reverse osmosis device is enabled to enter the right cavities of the two hydraulic cylinders through the reversing valves, and low-pressure raw water in the left cavities is pushed and pressurized to enter the reverse osmosis device. Since the direct pressurization principle of the hydraulic cylinders is used for the special design, one-time energy conversion is adopted and the pressure of high-pressure seawater after pressure exchange is larger than the pressure of concentrated saline water, the invention has the advantages that the pressurizing pumps are not required for pressurization once more, the energy conversion efficiency is high, the operating cost is saved and the energy consumption of the reverse osmosis system is further reduced.

A forward osmosis membrane for seawater desalination and a method for preparing the same. The forward osmosis membrane has a composite membrane structure including a nonwoven fabric layer, a hydrophilic polymer layer, and a polyamide layer. The hydrophilic polymer layer formed on the nonwoven fabric layer facilitates an inflow of water from the feed water to the draw solution to enhance flux and realize high water permeability in the direction of osmosis. The polyamide layer not only secures contamination resistance and chemical resistance but also minimizes the back diffusion of salts of the draw solution in the direction of reverse osmosis. Hence, the forward osmosis membrane of the present invention is greatly useful for desalination of high-concentration seawater.

A pumping machine, that can serve a system as the sole main pump for pressurizing a primary liquid flow, incorporates, in a single machine, a rotor-drum type AP (axial piston) pump and a PX (pressure exchanger) that recovers energy from a secondary liquid flow such as the brine discharge from an RO seawater desalination system, with benefits including fewer moving parts and small machine size along with lower capital and operating costs. A single rotor-drum containing the cylinders and pistons is located between two end blocks, one or both configured with manifold passageways, ports and sliding valves. A swash-plate at one end reciprocates the pistons axially when the rotor-drum is rotated. Two working chambers, primary and secondary, are formed at opposite ends of a single piston in each cylinder, thus enabling the single rotor-drum to function as a primary liquid-pressurizing axial pump (AP) with sliding valves at the primary end enabling primary liquid pumping, and as a secondary outflow-driven pressure exchanger (PX) recovering energy from pressure drop in the secondary liquid flow and thus contributing work to primary pumping, saving energy and reducing operating costs.

The invention provides anti-sludge inhibiter and the application method thereof. The inhibiter comprises multi-amino multi-ether methene phosphonic acid, poly-aspartic acid and acrylic polymer which comprises sulfonic groups, and at least one of other organic phosphonic acid, as well as zinc salt, inorganic acid, manganese salt and copper inhibiter. The inhibiter is applicable to the water quality with high rigidity, high alkaline and high salt. The sum of the rigidity the calcium and total alkalinity in water reaches 1500mg per liter, wherein, the inhibiter has excellent anti-sludge and corrosion inhibition effect when the rigidity of the calcium (counting in accordance with calcium carbonate ) is 1000mg per liter. The invention can be used in the circulated cooling water system of the industries such as petroleum chemical, as well as power and paper making plant. The invention can also be used in the water treatment process of poor water quality conditions such as seawater desalination and reverse osmosis.

The invention relates to a method and device for desalting sea water and generating electricity by utilizing tidal energy drive. The high sea water in the sea when in rising tide is utilized to impact a water turbine to rotate in the process of flowing into an impounding reservoir, or the high sea water in the impounding reservoir when in ebbing is utilized to impact the water turbine to rotate in the process of flowing into the sea; the water turbine drives a high-pressure pump to operate to generate high-pressure water which is desalted through a reverse osmosis membrane module; the high-pressure concentrated sea water discharged from the reverse osmosis membrane module impacts a turbo machine to rotate; the turbo machine drives a generator to rotate to generate electric energy, thus realizing the comprehensive utilization and conversion of the tide energy; the effluents in the process of energy utilization and conversion do not cause pollution, are clean and environmental-friendly;the system does not need additionally provided external power, and is low in operation cost; and the tide energy is a renewable energy source, and has the advantages of sustainable development, better social benefits and application value.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing three-dimensional graphene through doping of nanoparticles. The technical scheme comprises that: graphite is adopted as a base material to prepare graphene oxide lamella, nanoparticles are attached on the graphene oxide lamella, and the three-dimensional graphene is formed through self-assembly between the graphene oxide lamella. According to the present invention, the reaction temperature and the graphene oxide solution concentration are adjusted to form the opened-cell and closed-cell (different densities) three-dimensional graphene; and the prepared three-dimensional graphene can be widely used in the fields of supercapacitors, oil absorption, seawater desalination and the like.

The invention discloses a low-temperature multieffect seawater distillation desalting system. The system comprises a plurality of multi-effect evaporator sets; each evaporator set is at least provided with a heater for preheating feeding seawater; an effect intermediate pump is arranged between two adjacent multi-effect evaporators; and one end of a condenser is connected with a raw material water pump, and the other end of the condenser is connected with the last evaporator set of the plurality of the multi-effect evaporator sets. The invention also discloses a process flow for utilizing the low-temperature multieffect seawater distillation desalting system to desalt seawater; the evaporators of the low-temperature multi-effect seawater distillation desalting system are divided into a plurality of sets; each set feeds in parallel; simultaneously, the front of the feeding seawater of the highest-temperature effect evaporator of each set is provided with a heater; residual strong brine of the front evaporator set is collected and beaten to the next evaporator set through the effect intermediate pump, and so on; a product water and strong brine flow in a ladder shape in a series of flash tanks and are gradually subjected to flash evaporation and cooling; steam obtained through flash evaporation enters the evaporator; and finally, the product of the cooled water and the strong brine are pumped out through a corresponding water pump respectively.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a layer-by-layer self-assembled hollow fiber forward osmosis membrane. The preparation method comprises the steps of: preparing hollow fiber forward osmosis base film, modifying hollow fiber ultrafiltration base film, repeating layer-by-layer assembly of polycation and polyanion layers, performing interface cross-linking polymerization for preparinga selective functional layer, conducting moisturizing, and carrying out treatment and storage so as to prepare the layer-by-layer self-assembled hollow fiber forward osmosis membrane. The surface of the hollow fiber self-support base film which is prepared by using a phase conversion method is activated firstly, layer-by-layer assembly of polycation and polyanion is repeated on the surface of thefilm so as to form an functional polarization layer for an electrolyte solution, and the polyamide selective layer is prepared through interfacial chemical cross-linking polymerization. The prepared hollow fiber forward osmosis membrane has a controllable thickness and an internal polarization layer with a high charge capacity, and the internal concentration polarization phenomenon can be alleviated effectively during the forward osmosis process; therefore, the hollow fiber forward osmosis membrane can simultaneously obtain high flux and low reverse salt flux, has high filtration separation efficiency, easy cleaning and a long service life, and can be widely applied to seawater desalination and concentration and desalination of brine.

The invention discloses an efficient machine for desalting sea water. The efficient machine for desalting sea water mainly comprises a sea water desalting device and a water supply tank, wherein the sea water desalting device comprises a high-pressure water chamber, a heat exchange chamber, a pipe sheet, a transversely fluted tube, an sprayer, a heat exchange surface, a film forming device, a baffle and a plurality of heat pipes; and a sewage draining cooling pipe and a desalted water cooling pipe are arranged inside the water supply tank. According to the efficient machine for desalting sea water, the technology of using smoke to release heat on high-speed spraying by an orifice spraying method is adopted, so that the heat transfer coefficient of the device is improved; the technology of using the excess heat of the smoke is preheated on the sea water, so that the smoke is secondarily used in the device, and the energy use ratio of the device is improved; the two-stage preheating technology of the fed material sea water is adopted, so that the temperature of the preheated sea water is raised; and the technology of using the film forming device to form rotary water film at the heat exchange surface of a round table body is adopted, so that the heat transfer effect and the evaporation effect of a water side are effectively improved. Therefore, the efficient machine for desalting sea water has the advantages of high energy use ratio and good heat transfer effect, and is suitable for the demands of places, such as ships, islands and enterprises on middle or small sea water desalting devices.

The invention discloses a solar seawater desalination device, which comprises a vacuum tube type solar heat collector with cold and hot water tanks, a combined evaporative condenser, a seawater evaporator, a vapor condenser, a scroll vacuum pump, a heat pump circulation system, a fresh water tank, a strong brine tank, a sieve plate, a pressure reducing valve and the like. The device adopts the scroll vacuum pump to obtain higher negative system pressure to reduce the evaporation temperature of seawater; between the seawater evaporator and the vapor condenser, the heating cycle of a heat pump is utilized to supply the latent heat released by vapor condensation to the seawater evaporator and provide the heat for the evaporation of the seawater, and the device fully and effectively recovers the latent heat of condensation of water vapor; and the combined evaporative condenser is adopted to ensure that the seawater can be immediately condensed after the evaporation of the seawater and reduce the load of the vacuum pump. The device has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, compact structure, high fresh water yield and the like, and is suitable to solve the water drinking problem in water-deficient areas and the water drinking problem of operating personnel on ships and offshore platforms all year round.

The invention relates to a chemical treatment method, in particular to a seawater desalinization pretreatment method. The pretreatment method comprises the following steps of: placing seawater in a bipolar membrane device, wherein a bipolar membrane is a divalent separation membrane, and a polar liquid is a sodium chloride or sodium sulfate solution with mass concentration of 1-10 percent; mixing an alkali liquid in an alkali chamber of the bipolar membrane device with inlet water, filtering the alkalized inlet water by using a micro-filtering membrane of 0.1-0.5 micrometer, and regulating a pH value to be 8.2-8.8 by using an acid liquid in an acid chamber of the bipolar membrane device for seawater desalinization treatment. The pretreatment method has the advantages of less investment, low operating cost and simple operation. By the pretreatment method, boron content in yielding water accords with the drinking water standard, a yielding water quality regulating method and process of seawater desalinization by using the bipolar membrane applied in a large-scale project can be carried out, and the technical bottleneck of seawater desalinization development is overcome. Therefore, the pretreatment method can be widely applied in a seawater desalinization occasion.

The invention belongs to the technical field of desalting of seawater, and relates to a seawater desalting method. The seawater desalting method comprises the following steps of: charging filtering water which is obtained by the pretreatment of seawater into a heat exchanger of a heat discharge section of a seawater desalting system for condensing the steam and recovering the heat energy of the heat discharge section to obtain the heat-exchanged warm seawater with higher temperature; transporting the warm seawater into an ultrafiltration device by a low-pressure pump, transporting the ultrafiltration produced water into a nanofiltration device by a high-pressure device, selectively removing the scaled ions in seawater to obtain nanofiltration softened water, and inputting into a reverse osmosis device through the high-pressure pump to obtain reverse osmosis produced water and reverse osmosis concentrated water; recovering the energy of the reverse osmosis concentrated water to be directly taken as the charged water of a heat recovering section of an MED (multi effect distillation) device or an MSF (multi stage flash) device; mixing the desalting produced water and the reverse osmosis produced water through the MED device or the MSF device to be taken as drinking water; and recovering the energy of nanofiltration concentrated water, and mixing with the concentrated water to be discharged or comprehensively utilized. The method is simple in technology, low in energy consumption, high in desalting efficiency, good in effect, simple in device structure, reliable in principle, stable in production process, and environment-friendly.

The invention discloses a desalting method and device. The method is designed to desalt seawater through low heat energy spray vaporization and multiple-effect seawater distillation. The invention pertains to a desalting technical field of seawater or brackish water. The desalting device comprises a spray and vapor room which is provided with a nozzle and a demister. An air inlet is connected with a separator of air and water, a fan and a heater are positioned on a connection pipe. The inlet and outlet of the first effect heating steam of the multiple-effect distillation device are separately communicated with an outlet of wet and heat air of the spray and vapor room and with a middle part port in the vapor and water separator. The second steam of the every effect is used as the heating steam for the next heating steam, but after heated and pressurized of the second steam of the final effect, the second heating steam is interfused into hot and damp air discharged from the spray vapor room. The tops of the multiple-effect distillation device are communicated with the tube pass of a shell and tube heat exchanger, and the bottom of the multiple-effect distillation device is communicated with a heavy salt water tube. The invention takes the advantages of low heat energy as the energy recourse of desalting process to couple spray vapor and multiple-effect distillation technic and realizes comprehensive utilization of the energy and resources.

The invention relates to a seawater desalination device employing solar energy and vapor compressing distillation, belonging to the technical field of solar energy. The seawater desalination device comprises a solar collector, a first circulating pump, a heat exchanger, an evaporative condenser, a blower fan and a vacuum pump mechanism, wherein the solar collector is connected with the first circulating pump; the heat exchanger is respectively connected with the solar collector and the evaporative condenser; the evaporative condenser is connected with the blower fan; the vacuum pump mechanism is connected with the evaporative condenser; the evaporative condenser comprises an evaporation chamber and a condensation chamber; the condensation chamber is embedded into the evaporation chamber; the evaporation chamber is connected with the heat exchanger; and the position where the condensation chamber is embedded into the evaporation chamber is provided with a heat exchanging wall surface. The invention desalinates seawater in the mode of combining the solar energy and a low-pressure vapor compressing distillation seawater desalination method, reduces the pretreatment cost of seawater or brackish water, simplifies the mechanism and is also conveniently realized. The whole device is operated at the low pressure, reduces the operating temperature and improves the heat efficiency by employing the evaporative condenser to recover condensation heat.

The invention discloses a method and a device for seawater desalination by comprehensively using solar energy. The device comprises a solar energy heat collector, a bubble evaporator, an air distributor, an induced fan, a condensing heat regenerator, a heat exchanging pipe, an air pump, a solar panel, a main controller, a salt water tank, a desalted water, four electromagnetic valves and three centrifugal pumps, wherein the solar energy heat collector absorbs the solar energy heating closed circulating water which enters the heat exchanging pipe to exchange heat with the seawater inside the bubble evaporator; wet gas is introduced into the bottom of the bubble evaporator by the air pump, the gas passes through high temperature seawater in the form of small bubbles from top to bottom through the air distributor, the temperature of air is increased, and the relative humidity is increased; the induced fan discharges high humidity air and forms negative pressure at the upper part of the liquid surface so that the partial pressure of the liquid phase is reduced; the high humidity air is discharged and enters the condensing heat regenerator to exchange heat with the low-temperature seawater, the water vapor forms desalted water after condensed, the air enters the bubble evaporator through the air pump, and the cold seawater absorbs the heat of the high humidity air and enters the bubble evaporator. The device has simple structure, saves energy and protects the environment.

The invention relates to a pipeline structure used for transporting different media such as solid, liquid and gases and a manufacturing process thereof. A continuous filament wound and reinforced thermoplastic pipe is characterized in that a tubular pipeline liner layer, a pipeline structural layer and a pipeline outer protective layer are wound to manufacture a whole structure; the pipeline structural layer is positioned between the pipeline liner layer and the pipeline outer protective layer; the pipeline liner layer and the pipeline outer protective layer are made of thermoplastic plastics; and the pipeline structural layer is made of continuous filaments. The pipeline provided by the invention has better strength, rigidity, shock resistance, fracture toughness, temperature and corrosion resistance, seepage resistance and the like than the traditional thermoplastic or thermosetting pipelines, can be widely applied in the fields such as water supply and sewerage works, petrochemical industry, coal gas and natural gas transportation, seawater desalination and nuclear power and can be suitable for special environments and requirements such as heavy calibre, high rigidity, high strength and high corrosivity.