113 results about "Energy flux" patented technology

Disinfection methods and apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of germicidal light at a frequency greater than 20 Hz and project the pulses of light to surfaces at least 1.0 meter from the disinfection apparatus. The pulses of light comprise a pulse duration and an energy flux sufficient to generate a power flux between approximately 200 W/m² and approximately 5000 W/m² of ultraviolet light in the wavelength range between 200 nm and 320 nm at the surfaces. Other disinfection methods and apparatuses are provided which generate pulses of light comprising germicidal light and visible light from a germicidal light source and generate pulses of light from a visible light source that is distinct from the germicidal light source. The projections of visible light from the light sources produce a continuous stream of visible light or a collective stream of visible light pulsed at a frequency greater than 60 Hz.

The invention relates to a solid sphere flux heat absorber for solar thermal power generation, comprising a solid sphere heating absorbing device (1), a heat absorbing solid sphere (2) arranged in the solid sphere heating absorbing device (1), a lower-temperature sphere storage tank (5) arranged on the upper part of the solid sphere heating absorbing device (1), a high-temperature sphere storage tank (9) arranged on the lower part of the solid sphere heating absorbing device (1), lower-temperature sphere storage tank inlet valves (7) and (8) respectively arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the lower-temperature sphere storage tank (5), and high-temperature sphere storage tank inlet valves (11) and (12) respectively arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the high-temperature sphere storage tank (9). The solid sphere heating absorbing device (1) faces an energy flux of a radiation receiving window (4) at the throwing side of radiation energy flux (3). The lower-temperature sphere storage tank (5) is used for storing a lower-temperature solid sphere (6), and the high-temperature sphere storage tank (9) is used for storing a high-temperature solid sphere (10). The surface of the heat absorbing solid sphere (2) is black or is coated with solar selective absorption coatings.

A filler material comprising an energy intercepting element. In an embodiment, an energy intercepting element may attenuate, redirect, concentrate, or otherwise modify the properties of intercepted energy, e.g. the incoming energy flux. In an embodiment an energy intercepting element may be changed, for example generating secondary electrons, and/or secondary radiation, by intercepted energy. Also disclosed is a method comprising introducing a filler material composition into a cavity within a tissue in a patient's body, wherein the filler material includes an energy intercepting element(s) for intercepting energy and directing an energy source at the filler material.

The present invention discloses a class of arch-structured, multi-layer, lightweight composites with high capacity to absorb and disperse single or multiple incoming objects with associated energy flux that directly strikes onto one side of the composite, so as minimize the impact and possible damage to the objects behind another side of the composite, wherein the upcoming moving objects can be projectiles, or an upcoming shock wave front produced by blasts, or the impact during a collision, for examples, a crush-landing of an air-vehicle and the impact of heavy truck's wheel to a bridge's deck. This class of composite is termed “Lightweight Multi-layer Arch-structured Composite”, in short, LMAR, which implements the art of arch bridges' design into the art of mesoscopic structural design of the composites, allowing optimized combination in geometries and materials to gain desired physical properties and to manufacture with affordable cost.

Creating near-instantaneous effects in a phased-array system may occur by splitting the update process of the array state into parts that depend on different update rates. Alternatively, leveraging the uncertainty of physical properties of focusing in a phased-array system may improve the intersection between the body part and the control point. Specifically, by focusing behind or in front of the intended region or at a position with a calculated geometric relationship to the intended interaction region, a larger volume (region) of space is addressed that more certainly contains the body part participating in the interaction. This larger volume is then subjected to the ultrasonic radiative energy flux that encodes the properties desired for the interaction point, which may include haptic and/or audio points.

The invention discloses a mirror field energy distribution balancing method of heliostats. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing a heliostat tracking error probability mathematical model according to a heliostat tracking error distribution law; deriving a probability density distribution function of a single target point, and establishing an optimization algorithm model; and iteratively optimizing by using an optimization algorithm according to a principle that the occurrence probability of light spots which are formed by each heliostat at any point of a heat absorber is equal, positioning target points, and determining the heliostat which corresponds to each target point. The mirror field energy distribution balancing method can be applied to different errors in a certain range, the target points are optimized and adjusted, high mirror field energy utilization rate is ensured, and energy flux density distribution on the heat absorber is balanced.

The invention discloses an indoor light path test system which comprises a laser generator, a condenser lens to be tested, a condenser lens bracket and a receiver, wherein the laser generator is used for shooting laser beams; the condenser lens bracket is used for mounting and fixing the condenser lens to be tested and is arranged below the laser generator; and the receiver is used as a screen of a focal spot formed by the reflected light of the condenser lens bracket and is arranged between the condenser lens bracket and the laser generator. The invention further discloses a method for testing a light path and a method for testing the energy flux density of the focal spot.

The invention belongs to the solar field and relates to a tower type solar boiler. The solar boiler consists of a solar reflector field and a three-section type staged and zonal heat collection tower, wherein the solar reflector field consists of three fan-shaped heliostat fields from the interior to the exterior, and solar radiation is reflected to three stages of heat absorbers respectively by the three heliostat fields to produce saturated water, dry saturated vapor and superheated vapor. Due to the adoption of miniature heliostats, on one hand, the uniformity and the controllability of the energy flux density of light spots are improved, and the efficiency is largely improved; and on the other hand, the accuracy requirement of a heliostat tracking control system is lowered, and the cost is lowered. The heat absorbers are divided into three sections according to the heating power properties of the water and the vapor in different heat absorption processes. Meanwhile, the heliostat fields are designed according to the energy flux distribution requirements of all the heat absorbers, and the problems that two-phase flow in a single stage of heat absorber or two stages of heat absorbers causes instable heat exchange and nonuniform heat stress distribution on the surface of the heat absorber are solved. The solar boiler is suitable for solar power stations.

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a uniform organic and inorganic perovskite crystal film on a flexible substrate. The method includes manufacturing an organic and inorganic perovskite crystal film on a conductive film by a dip-coating or spin-coating method, naturally drying, disposing the organic and inorganic perovskite crystal film in an annealing furnace for pre-annealing at the temperature lower than 100 DEG C, and removing organic solvent; adjusting a laser path and a micrometric-displacement platform so as to enable ultrashort-pulse laser to focus on the surface of the organic and inorganic perovskite film through an objective lens, and enable the surface of the organic and inorganic perovskite film to be perpendicular to a laser beam; when energy flux density of the ultrashort-pulse laser is larger than or equal to the threshold value, fusing and regrowing the perovskite materials at the focus and scanning the integral organic and inorganic perovskite film with the ultrashort-pulse laser to form a uniform organic and inorganic perovskite crystal film. By the method for manufacturing the uniform organic and inorganic perovskite crystal film on the flexible substrate, the uniform organic and inorganic perovskite crystal film is manufactured, no affection on performance of the flexible substrate is guaranteed and various requirements in practical application are met.

A solar-blind ultraviolet irradiation calibrating device relates to the field of ultraviolet irradiation calibration and solves the problems that existing solar-blind ultraviolet detection is narrow in dynamic range and low in accurate. The device comprises an L-shaped light track, an ultraviolet light source, an inlet diaphragm, a shielding cover, an integrating sphere, an outlet diaphragm, a silicon detector, a reference detector and a horizontal electric displacement bench, wherein the inlet diaphragm is used for controlling the radiation energy flux entering the integrating sphere, the shielding cover is used for shielding environmental stray light around the light source from entering the integrating sphere, the outlet diaphragm is tightly attached to an outlet of the integrating sphere and used for controlling the radiation energy flux of the outlet of the integrating sphere, the silicon detector is used for monitoring the irradiation change situation on the wall of the integrating sphere, the reference detector is used for measuring the irradiation at some position, and the horizontal electric displacement bench enables the reference detector and a detector to be detected to be arranged at the center of a light path in turns. The solar-blind ultraviolet irradiation calibrating device is simple in structure, strong in operability, high in accuracy and capable of achieving solar-blind ultraviolet detector irradiation calibration in a large dynamic range of 10-7 to 10-13W/cm<2>.

The invention provides a trough-type consequent focus solar condensator for axial light transmitting, belonging to the technical field of solar condensing and solar medium-high temperature heat collection. The trough-type consequent focus solar condensator is formed by connecting a trough-type consequent condensator, a light guide, a light pipe and a heat collector, etc. After entering the trough-type consequent condensator, the sunlight is reflected by the inner surface of the trough-type consequent condensator and focuses on the focus line of the trough-type consequent condensator; the outer wall of the light guide is provided with a gap through which the rays enter; the gap coincides with the focus line; the light enters the light guide via the gap, is projected on the inner wall of the light pipe after being reflected by the light guide, is reflected by inner wall of the light pipe and is axially transmitted, and finally enters the heat collector, thereby realizing solar high temperature collection. The trough-type consequent focus solar condensator can collect the sunlight with low energy-flux density in a very small zone after reflection and axial transmission so as to form high temperature heat energy.

Provided is a computing method of lighting surface light condensation energy flux density distribution of a solar tower type electric generation thermal absorber. According to the thermal absorber corresponding to an unilateral heliostat field, the lighting surface of the thermal absorber is divided into rectangular grids to form rectangular planar grids or cylindrical surface grids, and meanwhile borders of a grid in a shape of Chinese character 'tian' of the lighting surface are determined. The reverse light tracing method is used, a light condensation energy flux density value of the heliostat field on the borders of the 'tian'-shaped grid of the lighting surface of the thermal absorber is computed, the lighting surface grid of the thermal absorber is unfolded into an X-Y planar grid, according to the light condensation energy flux density value of the heliostat field on the borders of the 'tian'-shaped grid of the lighting surface of the thermal absorber, energy flux density values of all grid points of the lighting surface of the thermal absorber are reset in an interpolation mode. In reference to a circumferential heliostat field, for all cylindrical surface lighting surface sub areas, the energy flux density value of the borders of the 'tian'-shaped grid is computed first, and then light condensation energy flux density values of corresponding lighting surface sub areas are reset in an interpolation mode.

The invention discloses a solar light condensed heat collector and a method for designing the solar light condensed heat collector. A paraboloid main reflector is arranged. A vacuum heat collecting pipe is installed on the symmetrical axis of the cross section of the paraboloid main reflector and on the inner side of the focal line of the paraboloid main reflector. An even light reflector is installed on the outer side of the focal line of the paraboloid main reflector. The even light reflector and an opening of the paraboloid main reflector are oppositely arranged and fixedly connected. According to the solar light condensed heat collector and the method for designing the solar light condensed heat collector, the vacuum heat collecting pipe is arranged below the position of the focal line of the paraboloid main reflector, the even light reflector is additionally arranged and opposite to the opening of the paraboloid main reflector, solar radiation energy can be distributed at the bottom and the top of a heat absorption pipe, solar energy flux density distribution on the wall face of the heat absorption pipe is homogenized, the temperature gradient and the highest temperature of the wall face of the heat absorption pipe are reduced, a series of problems caused by uneven energy flux density can be avoided from the source, and safety performance of the vacuum heat collecting pipe is improved.

A method for configuring J electromagnetic radiation sources (J≧2) to serially irradiate a substrate. Each source has a different function of wavelength and angular distribution of emitted radiation. The substrate includes a base layer and I stacks (I≧2; J≦I) thereon. P_j denotes a same source-specific normally incident energy flux on each stack from source j. In each of I independent exposure steps, the I stacks are concurrently exposed to radiation from the J sources. V_i and S_i respectively denote an actual and target energy flux transmitted into the substrate via stack i in exposure step i (i=1, . . . , I). t(i) and P_t(i) are computed such that: V_i is maximal through deployment of source t(i) as compared with deployment of any other source for i=1, . . . , I; and an error E being a function of |V₁−S₁|, |V₂−S₂|, . . . , |V_I−S_I| is about minimized with respect to P_i (i=1, . . . , I).

The invention discloses a measurement method of energy flux density distribution of heliostat filed of a tower type power station. The method comprises the following steps: (1), computing the positionangles of the sun at day time and the moon at night at different times, and recording times corresponding to the sun and the moon when the position angles of the sun and the moon are the same; (2), selecting day time, full moon night and unclouded full moon night when the position angles of the sun and the moon are the same, arranging an illuminometer array on a heat absorber of a tower type heliostat filed sun tower, and measuring the energy flux density of a concentrating light spot; obtaining the relative energy flux density of a moonlight concentrating light spot, namely a concentrating ratio function by comparing a moonlight normal direct illuminance measured through a moonlight measuring station; measuring a sun normal direct illuminance at a particular time through a sun measuringstation at day time with the same position angle with the unclouded full moon night, multiplying the sun normal direct illuminance with the concentrating ratio function, so as to obtain the energy flux density distribution of the discrete tower type heliostat filed to a sun concentrating light spot, and obtaining the f energy flux density distribution of the continuous sunlight concentrating lightspot through data interpolation.

The invention discloses a power supply system based on solar thermoelectric generation, which comprises a detection control module, an off-peak charging circuit and a thermoelectric generation circuit. Electric energy generated by the thermoelectric generation device is stored in a battery pack, and a mains supply network through rectification and step-down back processing is accessed to the battery pack; electric energy stored in the battery pack is converter through a DC-DC converter and is then accessed to a load of a user for being used; the detection control module is connected with the battery pack and each solid state relay at the same time, and the detection control module performs selection on a power supply circuit through controlling the state of the solid state relay according to a working time period. The solar thermoelectric generation device belongs to a solid state energy conversion process, a trough-type parabolic concentration and heat collection technology and a thermoelectric generation technology are combined, clean and pollution-free solar energy is used as a heat source, natural cold resources in winter are adopted for temperature reduction, the device can achieve the purposes of concentration and heat collection, the energy flux density in the center position of a collector plate is the highest and uniformity is realized.

An optical system operable to transmit an energy flux is described. A first substantially spherical lens includes first and second substantially hemispherical portions joined at an interface. The interface includes a partially reflective material on a first substantially planar surface of at least one of the first and second hemispherical portions. A second lens has a convex surface and a second substantially planar surface. A portion of the second substantially planar surface of the second lens is secured to the first lens to form an optical axis. The first and second lenses are operable to transmit a first portion of the energy flux along the optical axis. The partially reflective surface is operable to reflect a second portion of the energy flux at an angle to the optical axis.

The invention relates to an LED epitaxial structure and method achieving high luminous energy density output. Two or more LED basic structure units are connected in a tunnel segment mode to form a uniform epitaxial device structure. Each LED basic structure unit comprises an n-type layer, a luminous layer and a P-type layer, wherein the luminous layer is located between the n-type layer and the P-type layer, and the n-type layer, the luminous layer and the P-type layer are each composed of multiple sublayers. The LED epitaxial structure can obtain high photonic energy flux density output under low current density injection, so that optical control factors of the device are increased, the problem of efficiency droop of the LED device under high current density drive is relieved, and high energy conversion efficiency of the device is maintained.