The invention relates to an online system for testing the essential resistance and the voltage of a single cell of a fuel cell stack, comprising a testing unit, a programmed AC driving source, a blocking condenser, an electric current detecting module, a keyboard, an LCD unit and a storage unit, which is characterized in that the programmed AC driving source is serially connected with the blocking condenser and then parallel connected with an output end of a fuel cell, and the testing unit is used for controlling the frequency and the amplitude value of the AC driving source periodically through a communication interface and collecting the voltage and the electric current signals of each single cell in order for computing essential resistance; the electric current detecting module, the keyboard, the LCD unit and the storage unit are respectively connected with the testing unit which communicates with a main controller of galvanic pile and other equipments through the communication interface. The invention has compact and legible circuit, high reliability, moderate cost, high measurement precision, quick measurement speed and ample and scalable interfaces, and the invention satisfies the requirements of the real-time and high-precision testing of the essential resistance and the voltage of the single cell of the fuel cell stack.