The invention discloses a mobile phone dynamic camera flash lamp luminance compensation system and a method. The mobile phone dynamic camera flash lamp luminance compensation system and the method comprise the following steps: step A, a mobile phone camera is started and a distance detection unit and a luminance detection unit are started at the same time; step B, the distance between a mobile phone and a scene is acquired through the distance detection unit, the luminance of the scene is acquired through the luminance detection unit at the same time, and the acquired distance value and the acquired luminance value are reported back to a central proceeding unit (CPU); step C, the CPU correspondingly calls a dynamic luminance compensation database in a storer according to the distance value and the luminance value, and acquires flash lamp luminance compensation data at the current distance and the current luminance; and step D, the CPU controls a flash lamp to conduct luminance compensation processing on the photographed scene according to the acquired flash lamp luminance compensation data. According to the mobile phone dynamic camera flash lamp luminance compensation system and the method, the distance and the luminance of the photographed scene are detected through the distance detection unit and the luminance detection unit, wherein the distance detection unit and the luminance detection unit are installed at an end where the camera is located, the dynamic luminance compensation database is called to compensate the flash lamp luminance of the current photographed scene, so that optimal photographing effects of the photographed scene can be achieved, the problem that the flash lamp luminance compensation is not accurate when a mobile phone camera is used for taking photos at present is solved, and photographing effects of the mobile phone camera are improved.