The invention discloses an urban road traffic signal control optimization system which comprises a signal control strategy configuration module, a signal timing parameter setting module, a signal control timing parameter real-time optimization and optimization scheme generation module, a multi-period signal control timing parameter optimization and optimization scheme generation module, a signal control scheme operation real-time monitoring module, a signal control performance assessment module, an equipment operation state monitoring module and a data service module. The system has the advantages of being flexible in deployment, low in implementation cost, and good in economy, practicality and reliability, provides diverse signal control methods and intelligent solutions for urban traffic managers, meanwhile, provides comprehensive and specific decision information support, and is suitable for being used in large-medium-small-sized cities so as to meet the requirements of intelligent traffic management and control badly needed in the prior art.