The invention discloses a communication method based on a post-
quantum key encapsulation algorithm, which overcomes the problems that in the prior art, TLS protocol communication cannot cope with the
threat of a
quantum computing technology and is low in security, and comprises the following steps: generating a public and private key pair, and sending a
handshake message from a user side to a
server side; generating a random message from the message space, packaging the random message and the public key by adopting a
quantum key packaging
algorithm after CPA security, and sending a
handshake message from the
server side to the user side; decrypting the private key and the
ciphertext and calculating an
intermediate variable of the TLS protocol, wherein the user side and the
server side receive the
intermediate variable required by the negotiation key in the TLS protocol; and the
server side calculates the signature information by using the
mask function, the user side receives the signature information and compares the signature information with the original signature information, and if the comparison succeeds,
data transmission is carried out. Therefore,
security guarantee against quantum computing
attack is provided for communication, and the communication security is improved.