The invention provides an intelligent anti-icing deicing system and method for a high-voltage transmission line. The intelligent anti-icing deicing system comprises an alternating-current up-conversion module, an alternating-current down-converting module, an ice coating detection device, a frequency measurement meter, an up-conversion control module and an alternating-current down-conversion control module, wherein the alternating-current up-conversion module is arranged at the front end of an ice-coated circuit, the alternating-current down-converting module us arranged at the back end of ice-coated circuit, the ice coating detection device is arranged on the ice-coated circuit, the frequency measurement meter is arranged at the output end of the down-conversion module, the up-conversion control module is used for receiving a signal sent by the ice coating detection device and controlling the up-conversion module, and the alternating-current down-conversion control module is used for receiving a signal sent by the frequency measurement meter and controlling the alternating-current down-conversion module. In the invention, alternating-direct current is converted into high-frequency alternating current by utilizing the skin effect, so that the ice-coated circuit generates more heat; anti-icing and deicing is carried out through the heat generated by the ice-coated circuit;and deicing frequency is selected in intelligent grade according to change of meteorological conditions, without affecting power transmission and supply, so as to settle circuit ice coating with minimal energy consumption, and thus not only anti-icing but also deicing can be achieved. The intelligent anti-icing deicing system has simple structure and strong implementation, and can be widely applied tohigh-voltage transmission lines in areas with frequent snow disasters.