This application discloses a neutronflux density distributionmeasurement device and system, relating to the field of nuclear industry technology. The device includes: M first optical fibers, each arranged at a corresponding test location in the core of a critical device; each first optical fiber is filled with a neutron-sensitive material; M is a positive integer; a luminescence intensity measurement unit connected to each first optical fiber, used to measure the luminescence intensity of the first optical fiber corresponding to each test location to obtain M luminescence intensities; and a computer connected to the luminescence intensity measurement unit, used to acquire the M luminescence intensities and determine the neutronflux density distribution at each test location based on the M luminescence intensities. According to the embodiments of this application, this device can reduce disturbances to the neutron field within the reactor and can quickly and easily monitor the neutron fluxdensity distribution within the reactor in real time.