Solar seawater desalination device

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar seawater desalination device, which comprises a vacuum tube type solar heat collector with cold and hot water tanks, a combined evaporative condenser, a seawater evaporator, a vapor condenser, a scroll vacuum pump, a heat pump circulation system, a fresh water tank, a strong brine tank, a sieve plate, a pressure reducing valve and the like. The device adopts the scroll vacuum pump to obtain higher negative system pressure to reduce the evaporation temperature of seawater; between the seawater evaporator and the vapor condenser, the heating cycle of a heat pump is utilized to supply the latent heat released by vapor condensation to the seawater evaporator and provide the heat for the evaporation of the seawater, and the device fully and effectively recovers the latent heat of condensation of water vapor; and the combined evaporative condenser is adopted to ensure that the seawater can be immediately condensed after the evaporation of the seawater and reduce the load of the vacuum pump. The device has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, compact structure, high fresh water yield and the like, and is suitable to solve the water drinking problem in water-deficient areas and the water drinking problem of operating personnel on ships and offshore platforms all year round.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a solar-powered seawater desalination device, in particular to a solar-powered seawater desalination production device that uses a scroll vacuum pump to realize negative pressure evaporation, uses a heat pump to recycle latent heat of condensation, and uses a combined evaporative condenser, which belongs to solar photothermal technology The technical field of seawater desalination (salt water desalination). Background technique [0002] Fresh water is one of the basic substances for the survival and development of human society. Most of the water on the earth is seawater that cannot be directly drunk or irrigated because of its high salinity. Rivers, lakes and groundwater available for direct use by humans are less than 0.36%. China's per capita water resources are scarce, especially some islands, coastal saline-alkali areas and inland brackish water areas are all areas lacking fresh water. Solving the shortage of fresh water ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The condensation chamber is composed of reflectors, cooling walls and seawater input pipes, and the water vapor evaporated by sunlight is quickly condensed to obtain pure fresh water. This device has a simple structure and does not require any power equipment and heat collection equipment. Lower, but its operating temperature is low, it occupies a large area, and its efficiency and fresh water output per unit heat collecting area are low

The Chinese patent No. CN03142188.1 discloses a negative pressure seawater desalination method and its equipment. Seawater is deposited and filtered into a closed container, and then the remaining air in the container is extracted to generate low pressure in the container. , the boiling point of water is lowered to boil at normal temperature, the water vapor is drawn out and passed into liquid water to make it miscible, and fresh water is obtained; this seawater desalination device has the advantages of small footprint, no influence of weather, and simple production process And long service life of the equipment, etc., but to make seawater boil at room temperature, a high degree of vacuum is required, which requires high performance of the vacuum pump, and this method requires the vacuum pump to pump all the water vapor, the load of the vacuum pump is large, and the water vapor The utilization rate of the latent heat of condensation is low, so the thermal efficiency of the device is low

The Chinese invention patent with the patent number CN200510013302.3 discloses a solar heat pump combined with seawater desalination device, including a solar heat collection cycle device composed of a solar heat collector, a heat exchanger and a cycle heat pump; this device uses the heat pump cycle to effectively recover The latent heat of condensation of water vapor and the waste heat of concentrated brine and fresh water; but the condensation effect of water vapor in this device is not good, and the flow of water vapor is not conducive to its condensation, and the temperature range of the heat pump cold source is large. The design is difficult and the heat supply coefficient is low

[0004] To sum up, general solar seawater desalination devices have disadvantages such as low freshwater output, low energy consumption, and low efficiency. The vacuum degree is small, and the seawater evaporation temperature is high; ②The latent heat of condensation of water vapor is not efficiently and fully utilized; ③The temperature difference is not easy to generate in the combined evaporative condenser, and the driving force for seawater evaporation and water vapor condensation is weak; ④The combined evaporator The natural convection mode of water vapor in the condenser is not conducive to the heat exchange and condensation of water vapor; ⑤The seawater to be evaporated in the solar still has a large heat capacity, which limits the increase of operating temperature and weakens the driving force of evaporation

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