The invention discloses a tower type solar thermal power generation system for a heat absorber of vacuum heat absorption pipes, which is characterized in that water/steam is taken a heat transfer fluid, and fusion salt is taken as a heat storage medium. The tower type solar thermal power generation system comprises a heliostat (1), a support tower (2), a heat absorber (3), a steam turbine (4), a generator (5), a deaerator (6), a condenser (7), a water feed pump (8), a high-temperature fusion salt storage tank (9), a low-temperature fusion salt storage tank (10), a water/steam-fusion salt heat exchanger (11), a fusion salt steam generator (12) and a control valve (13). The heat absorber (3) is formed by connecting the vacuum heat absorption pipes (18) in series and in parallel. According to the invention, the heliostat is arranged in a fan-shaped manner, a rectangular manner or a circumferential manner, the high-temperature and high-pressure overheating steam is obtained, and the solar thermal power generation system is suitable for a large installed capacity tower type solar thermal power generation station.