74 results about "Concentration polarization" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a high-recovery-rate short-process salt-tolerant reverse osmosis system and treatment method.The system comprises a pretreatment unit, a sensor monitoring unit, a self-adaptive pressure-flow coupling control unit, an intelligent operation and maintenance unit and a gradient boosting reverse osmosis membrane set. According to the invention, ultrahigh recovery rate and desalination performance are realized, gradient boost membrane module design is combined with concentration polarization inhibition technology, membrane surface flow state distribution is optimized, osmotic pressure influence is significantly reduced, pressure-flow coupling control and concentrated water excess pressure energy recovery technology are integrated, energy dynamic cyclic utilization is realized, energy consumption is reduced, and the method is suitable for industrial production. By monitoring the membrane flux attenuation rate and the transmembrane pressure difference in real time and dynamically optimizing a pulse cleaning strategy, dynamic optimization of high-salinity wastewater treatment is realized, and the problems of low recovery rate, high energy consumption and quick membrane pollution in high-salinity wastewater treatment are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of membrane separation, in particular to a composite forward osmosis membrane based on mussel bionic interface enhancement and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: immersing a base material in a dopamine hydrochloride solution for oscillation reaction to obtain a modified base material; the surface of the modified base material is coated with a membrane casting solution in a blade coating mode, then phase inversion is carried out, the residual solvent is removed, then airing is carried out, and the composite forward osmosis membrane based on mussel bionic interface enhancement is obtained. By introducing the mussel bionic polydopamine intermediate layer, the long-standing technical contradictions of poor interfacial compatibility and weak binding force between the hydrophobic substrate and the hydrophilic separation layer are ingeniously solved, and the internal concentration polarization effect is remarkably inhibited. The prepared composite membrane has the advantages of high water flux, low salt reverse flux, stable structure and the like, and has wide application prospects in the fields of water treatment and substance separation.

The invention discloses a reverse osmosis membrane concentration polarization layer thickness prediction method and device based on electrical impedance tomography, and relates to the technical field of membrane process nondestructive monitoring, and the method comprises the following steps: constructing a simulation model based on an electrode array membrane filtration sensor; virtual media with different conductivities are arranged on the surface of the membrane, a simulation conductivity image is reconstructed through a conjugate gradient least square algorithm and a sensitivity matrix, and a neural network is improved through known conductivity training; and reconstructing an actually measured conductivity image by an actually measured boundary voltage data set, predicting a membrane surface conductivity estimated value by using the trained improved neural network, and performing concentration polarization layer thickness mapping. A conductivity image with a conductivity label is generated through numerical simulation, so that the problem that the thickness of the concentration polarization layer is difficult to calibrate is solved, then a neural network is improved through training so that the truth value of the conductivity can be predicted according to the conductivity image, and interpretable mapping of the thickness of the concentration polarization layer is carried out in combination with a membrane mass transfer theory. The thickness of the concentration polarization layer can be subjected to online lossless quantitative detection.

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell state evaluation, in particular to a fuel cell health state estimation method and system, and the method comprises the steps: continuously collecting the monomer polarization curve, pile AC impedance spectrum and gas flow channel pressure pulsation time sequence data of a target fuel cell in multiple operation cycles; ohm, activation and concentration polarization component decomposition are carried out on the polarization curve, a corresponding voltage loss component is extracted, correlation matching calculation is carried out on the corresponding voltage loss component and an impedance spectrum, and a polarization loss-impedance characteristic mapping relation is constructed. And extracting a pressure fluctuation mode synchronous with the polarization curve time sequence, and identifying an extra concentration difference loss component caused by the gas diffusion barrier by correlating the concentration difference polarization loss voltage. And integrating the component, the mapping relation and a reference aging model to calculate a comprehensive health state index. The multi-aging superposition state of the membrane electrode, the proton exchange membrane and the gas diffusion layer can be accurately reflected, aging inducement distinguishing is refined, and the accuracy of health state characterization is improved.

The application discloses a multi-target scheduling method of a photovoltaic energy storage hybrid device and relates to the technical field of new energy energy storage. The method comprises the following steps: monitoring the irradiance fluctuation characteristics of a photovoltaic power generation area in real time to lock the fluctuation risk; in response to a risk trigger signal, calculating the internal concentration polarization voltage of a battery in real time and quantifying the polarization approximation degree; based on the polarization approximation degree, using a gradual barrier model with nonlinear growth characteristics to calculate the length of the forced static period; and finally generating a pulse power instruction sequence composed of working pulses and forced static periods alternately. The application inserts a physical static time window when the micro electrochemical boundary approaches a critical point, uses the spontaneous diffusion of ions to eliminate accumulated concentration polarization, thereby meeting the rigid power support demand of the power grid while avoiding triggering the overvoltage protection of the battery, and realizing high-fidelity execution of the scheduling instruction.

The utility model relates to a membrane structure and a water purification device, and relates to the technical field of water purification treatment. The diaphragm structure comprises a diaphragm group and at least one separator, the diaphragm group comprises at least two layers of diaphragm bodies, the at least two layers of diaphragm bodies are sequentially stacked, and the front surfaces of the two adjacent layers of diaphragm bodies are oppositely arranged to form a water inlet runner; the membrane body is provided with a first side and a second side which are oppositely arranged in a first direction, the first side is provided with a raw water inlet communicated with the water inlet flow channel, and the second side is provided with a concentrated water outlet communicated with the water inlet flow channel; at least one separator is arranged in the water inlet flow channel, and the separator is configured to be capable of separating the water inlet flow channel so as to improve the flow speed of fluid in the water inlet flow channel. According to the technical scheme disclosed by the utility model, the membrane surface concentration polarization layer phenomenon can be weakened, the anti-pollution capability of the membrane structure is improved, and the service life of the membrane structure is prolonged.

The application discloses an electro-catalytic oxidation system and method and an ecological joint treatment method for in-situ remediation of water body sediments, which utilizes an intelligent pulse power controller to perform intermittent pulse electro-catalytic oxidation on the bottom mud at the water bottom, generates hydroxyl radicals through in-situ catalysis of an anode to degrade organic pollutants of the bottom mud, generates micro-bubbles in the interstices of the bottom mud through the electrolysis of water to improve the oxidation-reduction potential, and further reserves time for the soluble pollutants in the interstitial water of the bottom mud to sufficiently diffuse to the surface of the electrode, so as to avoid energy waste caused by concentration polarization. Through reverse power supply, the polarity of the anode and the cathode is instantaneously reversed, trace amounts of acidic substances and gas generated through in-situ electrolysis are utilized to strip off the calcium and magnesium scale attached to the surface of the cathode, and manual cleaning and maintenance under water are realized. In combination with the planting of submerged plants on the treated bottom mud, ecological joint treatment is realized, the root system of the submerged plants is utilized to perform long-term ecological fixation and water purification on the treated sediments.

The invention relates to an electrode, a plate frame and a flow battery, a flow area is formed on the surface of the electrode, the electrode comprises two first side edges which are oppositely arranged and two second side edges which are oppositely arranged and are respectively connected between the two first side edges, a main liquid inlet and a main liquid outlet which are communicated with the liquid flow area are formed in the middles of the two second side edges respectively, an auxiliary liquid inlet and an auxiliary liquid outlet which are communicated with the liquid flow area are formed in the two sides of the two second side edges respectively, and at least one second side edge is constructed to be an outwards-protruding arc edge; the distance between the main liquid inlet and the main liquid outlet is larger than the distance between the auxiliary liquid inlet and the auxiliary liquid outlet. According to the technical scheme, the electrode provided by the invention can improve the distribution uniformity of the electrolyte, so that the concentration polarization is reduced.

The invention discloses an electrodialysis device for extracting lithium from salt lake brine, the electrodialysis device comprises a cation exchange membrane, an electrodialysis partition plate and an anion exchange membrane, the electrodialysis partition plate comprises a fixed frame and a block net, and the block net comprises a plurality of wavy hollow pipelines which are arranged in a cavity hole and are arranged at intervals in a criss-cross manner; a through hole is formed in the side wall of the hollow pipeline and is used for enabling brine to act on the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane through the hollow pipeline; according to the invention, the wave-shaped structure in the grid net formed by the wave-shaped hollow pipeline can prevent a two-dimensional channel from being completely vertical to the direction of an electric field in the electrodialysis operation process, so that the acting force of the electric field in the channel direction is improved; and the guide pipe is used for guiding brine to enter the hollow pipeline block net to act on each area of the membrane surface, so that the utilization rate of a two-dimensional channel film ion channel is improved, the concentration polarization phenomenon of electrodialysis membrane surface ions is weakened, the lithium extraction efficiency is effectively improved, the electrodialysis energy consumption is reduced, and the application advantage is remarkable.

The present application relates to the technical field of electrodeposited chromium plating, in particular to a trivalent chromium plating layer with a pearl shell biomimetic structure and a preparation method thereof. By regulating the composition of plating solution and electrodeposition process, stable periodic concentration polarization is induced to form potential composition distribution along the thickness direction of amorphous precursor plating layer; after annealing at 350-450 DEG C for 0.5-1 h, the potential composition modulation is explicit and phase transition occurs, and the pearl shell biomimetic layered structure is constructed in situ. The plating layer presents a periodic and alternating arrangement of natural pearl shell "hard-soft" multilayer stacked biomimetic layered structure in microcosm, wherein the chromium layer is a metallic chromium crystalline layer with a thickness of 5-30 nm; the carbon / carbon-chromium mixture layer is amorphous or nanocrystalline with carbon enrichment and in-situ formed chromium carbide phase, with a thickness of 1-3 nm. The total thickness of the plating layer is 5-30 microns, and the number of layers reaches 300-1800 layers. The structure can hinder crack propagation and improve load transfer, so that the plating layer has high hardness and wear resistance. Moreover, the process is environmentally friendly and controllable, and is suitable for mechanical parts, molds and functional surface protection.

The invention relates to the technical field of electrolyzed water generators, in particular to a medical alkaline electrolyzed water generator based on blood fat regulation of hyperlipemia patients, which comprises a cathode tank and an anode tank, brackets are mounted at the bottom ends of the cathode tank and the anode tank, and an ion exchange tube is jointly mounted between the cathode tank and the anode tank; water inlet pipes are mounted at the bottom ends of the cathode tank and the anode tank. Concentration polarization of a water body to be electrolyzed can be reduced, the mass transfer efficiency of reactants and products in the electrolysis process is improved, accordingly, bubbles are prevented from being gathered on the surfaces of the first electrode bar and the second electrode bar, bubble separation can be accelerated by means of superposition of electrophoretic force generated by the electric field plate and the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic vibrators, and the electrolysis efficiency of the water body to be electrolyzed is improved. And ions can be promoted to diffuse to the surfaces of the first electrode bar and the second electrode bar, and large bubbles to be merged on the surfaces of the first electrode bar and the second electrode bar are scattered, so that the electrolysis efficiency and the electrolysis quality are effectively ensured, namely the production efficiency and the production quality of the alkaline electrolyzed water are effectively ensured.

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy, and discloses a bipolar plate, a PEM electrolytic bath and a new energy vehicle. A water inlet area, a first reaction area and a water outlet area are sequentially arranged on the anode side of a polar plate body in the bipolar plate in the water flow direction, and a plurality of water flow reaction runners communicated with the water inlet area and the water outlet area are arranged in the first reaction area; in the water flow direction, the water flow reaction flow channel is in a wave shape, and the cross section area of the water flow reaction flow channel in the width direction of the water flow reaction flow channel is gradually increased. According to the application, the wavy water flow reaction runner is arranged, so that the water turbulence is enhanced, the mass transfer efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the water distribution is optimized and the reaction uniformity is improved. Moreover, the inlet area of the water flow reaction runner is narrow, so that bubble adhesion can be inhibited at high flow speed, fluid shear force is enhanced, and bubble adhesion is destroyed; the outlet area is wide, the sectional area is increased, the flow speed is reduced, reactant retention time is prolonged, flow resistance is reduced, tail end concentration polarization is avoided, and blockage is prevented.

The application relates to the field of power supply circuits and electric energy storage systems, and discloses a full-life-cycle adaptive optimization scheduling method for an energy storage system of a micro-grid cluster, which comprises the following steps: acquiring polarization impedance data of each energy storage branch representing electrode interface charge transfer resistance and an operating state, and decomposing bus net load power into a transient high-frequency sequence and a steady-state low-frequency sequence; distributing high-frequency fluctuation according to the reciprocal of the polarization impedance, adjusting the virtual impedance gain of a power conversion unit control loop to make the output current change rate lower than the physical boundary of ion diffusion rate; and introducing carbon emission intensity weight and loss cost function to correct the power limit value. The application establishes the physical correlation between the battery kinetics and the power fluctuation frequency, smoothes the current waveform by using the virtual impedance adjustment technology, suppresses the concentration polarization and lithium precipitation phenomenon of the electrode interface, and essentially prolongs the service life of the energy storage system.

The application discloses an ultrafiltration permeation regulation method and device based on a gradient sponge structure dialysis membrane and relates to the technical field of hemodialysis. An intelligent response membrane assembly containing a nonlinear aperture gradient is constructed; a signal is collected and a concentration polarization critical index is calculated; when the threshold value is exceeded, a multi-frequency coupling pulse control instruction containing a mechanical resonance excitation waveform and a phase reverse matching osmotic pressure oscillation waveform is generated; mechanical resonance excitation is applied to the blood side to induce membrane layer micro-breathing deformation, and an osmotic pressure oscillation waveform is injected into the dialysate side to form a reverse solute diffusion field; microgel deformation feedback signals are monitored in real time, waveform parameters are dynamically adjusted, and the concentration polarization critical index is returned to a safe interval until the ultrafiltration flux is adaptively regulated. The device comprises an intelligent gradient membrane assembly, a fluid power regulation module, an osmotic pressure wave generation module, a sensing feedback array and a central processing unit, can effectively inhibit membrane pollution and concentration polarization, and improves the system operation stability.

The utility model relates to the technical field of sewage treatment equipment, in particular to an automatic control reverse osmosis treatment device, which comprises first reverse osmosis equipment and second reverse osmosis equipment, the first reverse osmosis equipment comprises an osmosis bin, an osmosis membrane body arranged in the osmosis bin and a central pipe arranged in the osmosis membrane body, a water purification hole is formed in the central pipe, the central pipe is communicated with the permeable membrane body, the permeable membrane body divides the permeable bin into a fresh water area and a concentrated water area, the permeable bin is provided with a water inlet communicated with the fresh water area, the permeable bin is provided with a water outlet communicated with the concentrated water area, and the water outlet is in pipeline connection with a conductivity sensor. The water inlet is connected with a high-pressure pump through a pipeline, and the high-pressure pump is electrically connected with the conductivity sensor; the reverse osmosis membrane accurately controls the flow of a concentrated water area, effectively prevents impurities from forming a concentration polarization layer on the surface of the reverse osmosis membrane body, prevents the impurities from depositing into an irreversible pollution layer, and prolongs the service life of the reverse osmosis membrane body.

The application discloses the technical field of electroplating wastewater treatment high-value metal recovery system for electroplating wastewater, including electrolytic cell and electrolytic mechanism, electrolytic cell is connected with infusion tube, infusion tube is connected with electronic flowmeter, electrolytic cell top is detachably connected with cover body, cover body is provided with observation ring groove, cover body is fixedly connected with camera unit; The inside lower side of the electrolytic cell is provided with a sedimentation plate and a stirring unit, the sedimentation plate is in sliding fit with the inner side wall of the electrolytic cell, the bottom of the electrolytic cell is fixedly connected with a first weighing sensor, and the detection end of the first weighing sensor is in abutment with the bottom of the sedimentation plate; The electrolytic mechanism includes a controller, a driving unit, an adjusting unit and an electrolytic unit. The application reduces the generation of concentration polarization and activation polarization phenomenon in the process of electroplating wastewater metal treatment and recovery, recovers the wastewater metal in an efficient state, estimates the treatment and recovery effect of the wastewater metal, and improves the qualified rate of wastewater metal treatment and recovery.

This invention relates to the field of separation membrane technology, and particularly to a photothermal nanofiber membrane capable of retaining volatile organic compounds (VOCs), its preparation method, and its applications. This photothermal nanofiber membrane employs a multi-structure synergistic design to comprehensively optimize the overall performance of membrane distillation. In the gradient wettability structure of the photothermal nanofiber membrane, the hydrophobic layer, with its low thermal conductivity, suppresses heat conduction loss and alleviates temperature polarization; the hydrophilic layer, through its hydration effect, suppresses solute enrichment and alleviates concentration polarization; the nano-thin-coated PDA photothermal layer achieves efficient photothermal conversion through the light trapping effect, while simultaneously providing sufficient anchoring points for the loaded defective UiO-66 nanoparticles; the synergistic effect of each functional layer achieves multifunctional integration of thermal management, anti-fouling, photothermal conversion, and VOCs retention, comprehensively improving the operating efficiency and stability of the membrane distillation system. The preparation method provided by this invention offers strong process controllability and possesses good reproducibility and potential for large-scale application.

The utility model provides a flat plate electroplating bath device for electrolytic copper foil, which comprises an electroplating component, the electroplating component comprises an electroplating bath body, a mounting piece and an electrode plate, and the electrode plate is fixed in the electroplating bath body through the mounting piece; the electrode plates comprise a cathode plate and an anode plate; two sides of the cathode plate and the back surface far away from the anode plate are tightly attached to the inner wall of the mounting piece or the electroplating bath body. According to the utility model, the problems of concentration polarization and flow field distribution on the surface of the cathode in the use process of the flat plate electroplating bath are solved, so that the reliability of experimental data of the flat plate electroplating bath is improved, and the research and development efficiency of electrolytic copper foil is improved.

This invention discloses a simulation method for a real-size mesh channel reverse electrodialysis power generation process, comprising the following steps: S1, simplifying the real mesh channel into a two-dimensional zigzag circular mesh using the flow resistance method, and calculating the equivalent radius of the two-dimensional mesh according to the area equivalence principle; S2, selecting the smallest periodic unit membrane pair for modeling on the x-y plane, dividing the mesh, and setting membrane and solution properties, operating parameters, and boundary conditions; S3, extending the multiphysics field changes to the entire membrane pair height using the boundary coupling method; S4, calculating the membrane-side diffusion boundary layer thickness and potential abrupt change, solving for the resistance of each part of the system, and evaluating the impact of concentration polarization and ion short-circuit current on the output power. The real-size mesh channel reverse electrodialysis power generation process simulation method disclosed in this invention achieves the continuity of multiphysics field changes in the entire flow channel from the membrane pair inlet to the outlet through the boundary coupling method.

This invention discloses an electrocoagulation-ultrasound-coupled wastewater treatment device, comprising a reaction tank with an inlet on one side and an outlet on the other. Several anode plates and cathode plates, arranged in an alternating pattern, are submerged within the reaction tank. The anode plates are connected to the positive terminal of a power source, and the cathode plates are connected to the negative terminal. The device also includes an ultrasonic device disposed on the inner wall and bottom of the reaction tank. This electrochemical-ultrasound-coupled wastewater treatment device utilizes the cavitation effect and vibration acceleration of ultrasound to reduce concentration polarization in the electrocoagulation reaction. The ultrasonic cleaning action removes the passivation layer from the electrode surface, while the microbubbles generated by electrocoagulation provide dissolved gas for the ultrasonic cavitation effect, improving the ultrasonic treatment efficiency. The coupled use of these two technologies mutually stimulates the electrocoagulation reaction and ultrasonic action, significantly improving wastewater treatment efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

The utility model discloses special equipment for finishing screw heads, which relates to the technical field of screw head finishing and comprises a base, an electroplating tank is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the base, electric telescopic rods are fixedly mounted on two outer sides of the electroplating tank, and an assembly plate is fixedly mounted at the top end of each electric telescopic rod. The rotating shaft rotates to drive the cam to rotate, and the spring telescopic rod is matched to drive the electroplating basket to vibrate up and down in a reciprocating manner, so that the contact area between the screw head and electrolyte is increased, the electroplating uniformity of the screw head is improved, self-circulation of the electrolyte in an electroplating tank is realized, the flowing of the electrolyte is increased, and the concentration polarization phenomenon of the electrolyte can be effectively avoided.

The utility model provides a tubular microfiltration membrane and a reaction tank. According to the micro-filtration membrane, the spiral guide sheets are arranged in the membrane tube main body to guide the tubular bundling separation membrane to spirally extend, so that a rotational flow effect is formed to break through a traditional straight-through flow channel mode, the turbulence degree of fluid is enhanced, and concentration polarization is reduced. The split type design is adopted in the structure, an upper shell and a lower shell are welded and formed, end covers at the two ends are assembled with connecting grooves through clamping blocks, a rubber plate with holes fixes a film bundle through holes, clamping grooves in the edges of the rubber plate are embedded into grooves of guide pieces to prevent flow channel bias flow, and an additionally-arranged axial flow disturbing rod and a spiral flow channel cooperate to generate multi-stage eddy currents to strengthen boundary layer disturbance. The composite supporting structure is composed of a stainless steel wire net and a gradient pore ceramic frame, the outer net improves the mechanical strength, the inner layer ceramic frame adopts 35-60% radial gradient pore distribution to achieve progressive throttling, the transmembrane pressure difference is optimized, and membrane wires are protected.

The invention discloses a method for improving the capacitive deionization performance of a flow electrode, and belongs to the technical field of capacitive deionization of the flow electrode. Ultrasonic action is added in a system, ultrasonic waves generated by an ultrasonic transducer are transmitted to a flow channel through a graphite collector plate, and the laminar flow state is broken through sound streams, shock waves and micro jet flow formed by the ultrasonic cavitation effect, so that the capacitive deionization performance of the flow electrode is improved. The fluid is more turbulent; meanwhile, snakelike runners on the graphite collector plates can avoid channeling and dead zones, so that flowing electrode liquid is distributed more uniformly, and concentration polarization is further reduced; the ion adsorption rate of the electrode is improved, and the electrode is especially suitable for high-concentration seawater desalination and other scenes with high efficiency requirements; the flowing electrode liquid circulates in a short-circuit mode, the electrode liquid on the two sides flows into the same container to be mixed and reused after leaving the module, electrode regeneration can be synchronously completed without independently setting a desorption step, and the time for shutdown regeneration is saved.

This invention relates to the field of HDI board electroplating technology, specifically to an HDI board electroplating device, comprising: an electroplating tank containing an electrolyte and a copper block, and a high-speed power supply acting on the electrolyte and the copper block; and an electrolyte flow assembly including an upper fixed box symmetrically arranged inside the electroplating tank, with multiple first through holes, second through holes, and third through holes vertically formed on both sides of the upper fixed box. This invention achieves bidirectional flow control of the electrolyte flow assembly, generating a high-speed turbulent flow of 5-7 m / s during the forward flow phase, significantly improving the electrolyte exchange efficiency at the bottom of blind holes, stabilizing the copper ion concentration at 80-120 g / L or higher, and effectively suppressing concentration polarization. During reverse flow, a flow rate of 3-5 m / s removes residual impurities and bubbles from the holes, and with the injection of a protective agent, prevents abnormal thickening of the copper layer at the hole opening.

The application discloses a novel tubular membrane module and belongs to the chemical industry. One end of the membrane module is a head, the other end is a cover, and a plurality of tubular membranes are arranged in the inner cavity of the membrane module. The tubular membranes are fixed through a tube plate, the two ends of the tubular membranes are provided with sealing gaskets, the head is provided with a permeate pipe, a retentate outlet is located at the upper end of the shell side where the tubular membranes are arranged, and a raw material inlet pipe is located in the inner cavity of the membrane module. The structure design of the application is ingenious, can not only increase the turbulent degree of fluid in the module, make the mixing degree of raw materials in the module higher, reduce the volume of the stagnant zone in the membrane module, improve the utilization rate of the membrane module, and reduce the pressure loss, but also can reduce the concentration polarization phenomenon of the membrane, improve the mass transfer effect, and achieve the purpose of improving the performance of the membrane.

The invention discloses a negative pole piece and an electrochemical device and an electronic device comprising the same, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage. The negative pole piece comprises a negative current collector and a negative active material layer arranged on at least one surface of the negative current collector; the negative electrode active material layer comprises a bottom layer, a middle layer and a surface layer which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, the bottom layer comprises a three-dimensional carbon material, the middle layer comprises a two-dimensional carbon material, and the surface layer comprises a one-dimensional carbon material; the thickness of the bottom layer, the thickness of the middle layer and the thickness of the surface layer are H3, H2 and H1 respectively, and the formula that H1: H2: H3 = (0.5-2): (1-3): (5-10) is met. According to the present invention, by constructing the continuous Li < + > transmission channel from the surface layer to the bottom layer, the Li < + > is not easily accumulated at the interface, such that the concentration polarization is reduced, the charge transmission dynamics is improved, and the cycle performance of the electrochemical device is improved.

The invention discloses a long-period lead anode plate, and relates to the technical field of anode plates, the long-period lead anode plate comprises an anode plate main body, the anode plate main body comprises an anode plate surface, a conductive beam, an arc-shaped conductive lug and a horizontal conductive lug, and the anode plate surface is provided with flow guide holes which are beneficial to equidistant flow of an electrolyte, so that the electrolyte can be more uniformly attached to the periphery of a cathode plate; concentration polarization is reduced; the thickness of the conductive beam is gradually increased from one end connected with the anode plate surface to one end connected with the arc-shaped conductive lug, and the arc-shaped conductive lug is smoothly connected with the conductive beam and the horizontal conductive lug through the transition arc-shaped lug, so that the mobility of electrolyte is improved, the uniformity of a flow field is improved, and the improvement of the cathode copper crystal quality is facilitated; the thicknesses of the arc-shaped conductive lugs and the horizontal conductive lugs and the connecting ends of the conductive beams and the arc-shaped conductive lugs are consistent, and the thickness of the arc-shaped conductive lugs is greater than that of the anode plate surface; the anode plate body is designed to be thick at the top and thin at the bottom, bearing capacity is increased, conductive contact area is increased, conductivity is increased, and service life of the anode plate body is prolonged.

The application discloses a fuel cell bipolar plate flow field structure with improved mass transfer performance, which comprises a flow field area formed by a base plate, a first baffle and a second baffle, and comprises an upstream area, a cross area and a downstream area; gas enters the flow field area from the upstream area, flows through the cross area and the downstream area in sequence, and then flows out of the flow field area; a first secondary structure is fixedly arranged in the upstream area; the cross area is used for prolonging the residence time of the gas in the flow field area; and a second secondary structure is fixedly arranged in the downstream area. The cross area, the first secondary structure and the second secondary structure are designed in the flow field, the reaction products are promoted to enter the diffusion layer for reaction, the concentration polarization is reduced, the internal material transmission of the PEMFC is enhanced, the performance of the PEMFC is improved, and the problem that the forced convection means is limited to the single vertical direction is solved. Meanwhile, the contact area of the gas in the flow field is increased, and the diffusion efficiency of the reactants is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and particularly discloses a calculation method of a bipolar plate interdigital flow channel optimized by a crane tube coefficient for a flow battery, which comprises the following steps of: defining the crane tube coefficient, and calculating the crane tube coefficient of the bipolar plate interdigital flow channel and a porous electrode between the flow channel in the flow battery under low resistance; and the flow uniformity of the electrolyte in the porous electrode is realized. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the electrolyte can uniformly flow through the electrode and is in full contact with the electrode, so that the reaction is fully and uniformly carried out, the electrochemical reaction speed is increased, the concentration polarization caused by non-uniform flow and reaction is reduced, the flow uniformity of the electrolyte in the porous electrode is met under relatively low resistance, and the electrochemical performance of the electrode is improved. The operation efficiency of the cell stack is improved, side reactions are inhibited, the reliability of the flow cell stack is improved, the service life of the flow cell stack is prolonged, and the application prospect is excellent.

The utility model discloses a catholyte full-flow circulation electrolytic manganese system, which belongs to the technical field of hydrometallurgy and comprises an electrolytic bath, a cathode plate, an anode plate, a conductive copper bar, a diaphragm bag, a catholyte circulating tank, a catholyte circulating pump and a catholyte head tank, the conductive copper bar is arranged at the top end of the electrolytic bath, and the cathode plate and the anode plate are mounted on the conductive copper bar at intervals. The cathode plate and the anode plate extend into the electrolyte; the diaphragm bag sleeves the cathode plate inside to form a cathode region, an anode region is formed around the anode plate, and the cathode region, the catholyte circulating tank, the catholyte circulating pump, the catholyte elevated tank and the cathode region are sequentially communicated to form a catholyte circulating path. In the manganese electrolysis process, catholyte can be circulated in the whole process, the problems that the liquidity of liquid in the cathode area is poor, the concentration polarization phenomenon is prone to occurring and the like are effectively solved, the liquidity of the liquid in the cathode area can be improved, the tank temperature can be better controlled, and the device is suitable for large-scale production.