201 results about "Water desalination" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of water desalination, and particularly relates to a bionic aloe evaporation and capture integrated all-weather water collecting device and a manufacturing method. The water collecting device comprises a base and a plurality of bionic units arranged on the base, and the bionic units are bionic aloe trees; the base is circular, the bionic units are circumferentially distributed around the circle center of the base, and at least two layers of bionic units are arranged; and the water collecting device is prepared from a hydrogel material. The base part of the device can utilize the photo-thermal characteristic of hydrogel in the daytime, and seawater evaporation can be carried out through sunlight; at night, mist catching can be carried out through the tip effect of the aloe form of the bionic unit, and water vapor in the air is collected. The whole device can play a role in the whole day and is not limited by the difference between the day and the night, and the fresh water collection efficiency is greatly improved.

The invention provides an intelligent data monitoring analysis method and system of a solar seawater desalination system. The method comprises the following steps: calculating condensation efficiency based on annular temperature gradient distribution data and phase change characteristic data according to the phase change characteristic data and environment temperature data of steam in a condensation pipe in a condensation process; the condensation efficiency and the environment temperature data are input into a pre-trained reinforcement learning parameter optimization model, and in combination with physical constraint conditions of the condensation structure, flow adjusting parameters and deflector deflection angle adjusting parameters of all subareas are generated; and the flow adjusting parameters and the deflector deflection angle adjusting parameters of all the partitions are converted into corresponding electric adjusting valve opening degree instructions, and the adjusting valve opening degrees of the cooling water circulation systems corresponding to the different partitions and the angle of the angle-adjustable deflector are adjusted. The cooling water flow and the deflection angle of the guide plate are optimized in real time through reinforcement learning, and efficient and energy-saving self-adaptive regulation and control of the condensation system are achieved through temperature and phase change data monitoring.

This disclosure relates to the fabrication of high-performance thin film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes comprising a thin polyamide rejection layer (thickness of 100-200 nanometer), a porous substrate including polysulfone (PSf) layer (thickness of 40-50 micron) cast on polyester nonwoven fabric (thickness of ˜100 micron). Hydrophilic and antibacterial TFC polyamide RO membranes were developed by incorporating green Lignin and nanostructured silver-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) into the selective layer. The polyamide layer of TFC RO membranes was fabricated on the porous PSf substrate by interfacial polymerization between aqueous monomer solutions containing MPD, and adequate additives in water and organic monomer solutions containing TMC in the mixture of hexane and co-solvents. The optimized produced RO membranes were provided water flux of 95-100 LMH and sodium chloride (NaCl) salt rejection of 98.5-99.0% during filtration of 2000 ppm NaCl solution at 225 psi pressure, and water flux of 55-60 LMH and sodium chloride (NaCl) salt rejection of 98.6-98.9% during filtration of 35000 ppm NaCl solution at 800 psi pressure. This disclosure also relates to developing a roll-to-roll PSf membrane as a substrate for making TFC RO membranes for water desalination

A system and method are provided in at least one embodiment to process water to produce gas that can be separated into at least two gas flows using a water treatment system having a disk-pack rotating in it to cause out gassing from the water. In a further embodiment, the method and system use the gas released from the water to produce substantially fresh water from the processed salt water.

The present disclosure is directed to a geothermal desalination system, comprising; a primary liquid circuit circulating a liquid into a geothermal well and returning heated liquid from a well head of the geothermal well, the primary liquid circuit passing through a desalination plant; a first turbine driven by the heated liquid to produce a mechanical output; and an air compressor driven from the mechanical output to provide a first compressed air supply and a second compressed air supply, wherein the first compressed air supply drives a supply pump to supply salt water to the desalination plant, and the second compressed air supply drives a-start-up pump to initiate circulation in the primary liquid circuit.

An improved electrical generation system explained herein is a method and equipment whereby nuclear reactors are used to directly propel water pumps to lift water from a lower-elevation body of water to a higher-elevation body of water, where it is stored as potential energy.In one application of this method, one or more water pumps, each powered directly by heat from a nuclear reactor, lift water from down-stream of a river, stream, or pond to upstream of a dam at which a hydro-power plant is installed. The nuclear reactor may be of the pressurized-water, boiling-water, liquid metal cooled, or molten salt-cooled type. Small modular reactors (SMRs) are ideally suited to provide pumping heat in an incremental manner in such a method. Reactor heat output may be proportionally diverted to pumping or desalination loads to maintain the reactor core power level at a constant optimized steady state. Upon demand, the lifted water is used to generate electricity utilizing the hydro-power plant. A weir or small dam may be constructed across the river or stream downstream of the heat powered pump, the function of which is to create a reservoir or pool from which water can be pumped.This way, water can be recycled and used more than once to generate electricity, and the reactor can be operated at a steady state power level in conjunction with a preexisting hydro-power plant, thus allowing generation of electricity year-round despite lower water flow conditions.

The invention relates to an electrodialysis device for the desalination of water for oil and gas applications comprising: a membrane stack comprising alternating cation- and anion-exchange membranes (2.1, 2.3) and a plurality of spacers (2.2, 2.4), each spacer being arranged between two successive membranes; wherein at least one of the spacers (2.2, 2.4) comprises a recessed area (3.2) and a non-recessed area (3.3), a central opening (3.1) within the recessed area (3.2); the spacer (2.2, 2.4) is provided with at least four orifices (3.4, 3.5) within the non-recessed area (3.3); and with respective channels (3.6) which connect at least two of the orifices (3.4) with the central opening (3.1); and one membrane (2.1, 2.3) is accommodated in the recessed area (3.2).The invention also relates to a water desalination process using the electrodialysis device mentioned above.

The invention provides a saline-alkaline water salt redistribution method based on artificial regulation and control of salinity gradient vertical layering, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkaline water utilization. The method comprises the following steps: extracting surface saline-alkali water or underground saline-alkali water; desalting the extracted saline-alkaline water by using a primary reverse osmosis system to obtain fresh water and concentrated saline-alkaline water; and recharging the concentrated saline-alkaline water to the bottom layer of the saline-alkaline water. According to the method, saline-alkali water resources are sustainably regenerated into fresh water resources by utilizing a saline-alkali water desalination technology and a bottom layer recharge technology of concentrated saline-alkali water, and under the condition that the total salt content of the saline-alkali water is not integrally changed, the salt content of the saline-alkali water is subjected to vertical spatial level redistribution by manually regulating and controlling the salinity gradient vertical layering, so that the salt content of the saline-alkali water is reduced, and the salt content of the saline-alkali water is reduced. The method has the dual functions of saline-alkali water resource development and utilization and salt ecological regulation and control, the purpose of saline-alkali land treatment or saline-alkali water comprehensive utilization can be achieved without depending on external fresh water, and the method has important popularization value in saline-alkali areas.

A system and method for water desalination using forward osmosis to address problems associated with scarcity of freshwater around the world. The system uses ammonium bicarbonate as the draw solution to draw out freshwater through a forward osmosis (FO) membrane from an amount of saltwater or other contaminated water initially directed through one side of the FO membrane. The ammonium bicarbonate draws the desalinated water through the membrane of the FO membrane. Brine or other solutes are directed away. The combination of desalinated water and ammonium bicarbonate is directed through a series of valves and pumps, including a heat pump, and through a hydrophobic membrane that allows freshwater (product water) to be obtained from the desalination process in a more cost-effective and efficient manner. The ammonium bicarbonate is recycled and reused to generate additional draw solution for additional batches of saltwater or contaminated water for desalination.

Disclosed herein are methods for producing electrodes comprising single-layer 1T′-transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets. The method includes filtering a suspension of single-layer 1T′-TMD nanosheets over a polymeric substrate to produce the electrode, wherein, the single-layer 1T′-TMD nanosheets of the electrode are no more than 1,000 nm in thickness; the electrode comprises at least 70% 1T′-phase; and the electrode has a calculated electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) that is about 10-fold higher than that of a control electrode, which comprises 2H-TMD nanosheets. Also disclosed herein are methods for deionizing a fluid. The method includes steps of discharging the fluid in an electrochemical capacitor at a constant voltage of no more than 0.5 V to deionize the fluid, wherein the electrochemical capacitor is characterized in having the electrode comprising single-layer 1T′-TMD nanosheets produced by the present method.

The utility model provides a vacuum concealed pipe circulating water salt elimination system which comprises a plurality of concealed pipes which are respectively connected with a water conveying pipe through a water collecting pipe; the concealed pipe comprises a pipe body, and a plurality of water collecting holes are formed in the pipe body; each water collecting pipe is provided with a vacuum negative-pressure drainage device, the water conveying pipe is connected with a salt washing water treatment device, and the water conveying pipe is provided with a water suction pump; a water outlet pipe is further connected to the salt washing water treatment device, and the water outlet pipe is connected with an irrigation leaching water distribution device used for leaching soil; the washing brine treatment device comprises an electrodialysis treatment unit, the front end of the electrodialysis treatment unit is connected with a reservoir, the rear end is connected with a fresh water tank, and a flowmeter is arranged on a pipeline for connecting the electrodialysis treatment unit and the reservoir; the fresh water pool is connected with the water outlet pipe, the reservoir is connected with the water pipe, the fresh water pool is further provided with an overflow pipe, and a drainage port end of the overflow pipe extends to the drainage ditch. According to the invention, the salt elimination efficiency is greatly improved, the investment cost of concealed pipe laying is reduced, the water is saved, and water pollution is prevented.

Condensation can be an important process in both emerging and traditional power generation and water desalination technologies. Superhydrophobic nanostructures can promise enhanced condensation heat transfer by reducing the characteristic size of departing droplets via a surface-tension-driven mechanism. A superhydrophobic surface can include nanostructures of a metal oxide having further surface modification.

An electrocoagulation (EC) reactor and method for simultaneous CO2 capture and brine desalination. The EC reactor includes a reaction chamber that holds brine solution with contaminants, an inlet tube for CO2 gas mixture supply, and a plurality of electrodes (130), submerged in the brine. The electrodes are connected to a power source, applying a voltage to induce electrochemical reactions that precipitate dissolved salts and heavy metals, reducing brine salinity and contaminants, while capturing CO2 in the form of carbonates to form solid coagulants. The method involves introducing brine into the EC reactor's reaction chamber, adding calcium oxide (CaO) and ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) to create a homogeneous solution, and applying electric current to dissolve the electrodes, producing solid coagulants. A CO2 gas mixture is introduced to facilitate carbonation reactions, forming precipitates like calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), which are filtered to obtain desalinated brine.

Radiative cooling enabled passive freezing desalination processes are described. High salinity water can be desalinated via radiative cooling-driven freezing desalination. The passive freezing desalination processes can be a complementary method to solar desalination to enable 24-hour, year round passive thermal desalination.

The invention provides a solar water desalination device and method. The solar water desalination device comprises a water collecting cylinder, multiple layers of evaporators are arranged in the water collecting cylinder, distillation plates are arranged among the evaporators, the distillation plates are sleeved with supporting rods, and the supporting rods are connected with the evaporators; a first collecting barrel is arranged on the evaporator, a foam rod is arranged in the first collecting barrel, the foam rod is sleeved with an evaporation column, an evaporation film is arranged at the top end of the first collecting barrel, heat insulation foam is arranged below the evaporation film, and a heating unit is arranged below the first collecting barrel; the outer diameter of the first collecting cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the water collecting cylinder. According to the solar water desalination device and method, the evaporation surface of the evaporation device is enlarged, and the water desalination flux is improved. Condensation heat is utilized to the maximum extent, and desalination efficiency is improved. Electric heating assists evaporation, and water desalination can still be continuously carried out under the condition of no light.

A heating system for use in the solar powered heating of water. In one embodiment, the heating system is used in conjunction with a solar water farm to desalinate water. The water farm can be utilized on a variety of scales and can be applied to agricultural farms for large scale reclamation of deserts.

The invention belongs to the field of light evaporation water desalination, and particularly relates to a composite light evaporator for light evaporation water desalination and a preparation method thereof.Carbon nanotubes with excellent light absorption and water delivery capacity are dispersed in a biomass material, meanwhile, a layer of copper acetate is sprayed on the upper surface of the biomass material with the carbon nanotubes, and the composite light evaporator is prepared. And the copper particles are formed after carbonization. According to the prepared optical evaporator, the metal, the carbon nano tube and the biomass material are combined, and the optical evaporator has different hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and high salt resistance.

Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for water treatment and / or desalination.

There is provided a method for controlling at least one capacitive deionization (CDI) cell used for water desalination. The method comprises subsequent to feeding the at least one CDI cell with water at an initial flow rate, obtaining a measurement of an actual output concentration of water exiting the at least one CDI cell, comparing the actual output concentration to a concentration setpoint, determining, based on the comparing, a change to be applied to the initial flow rate for adjusting the output concentration towards the concentration setpoint, and outputting at least one control signal comprising instructions to cause the change to be applied to the initial flow rate to obtain a modified flow rate and to cause the at least one CDI cell to be fed with water at the modified flow rate.

The present application pertains to systems and methods for desalination. In one embodiment the system employs a first storage reservoir configured to be near the surface of a body of water and configured to store a low density fluid. A second storage reservoir is configured to be located below the surface of the body of water. A desalination system is operably connected to the second reservoir. Desalinated water is produced by allowing desalination permeate to displace low density fluid in the second reservoir and transfer the low density fluid from the second reservoir to the first reservoir. Desalinated water is exported by transferring low density fluid from the first reservoir into the second reservoir to displace desalinated water from the second reservoir into a water export pipeline.

A control system (30) for a hydrogen plant (100) is provided. The hydrogen plant includes: a first set of units (11,12…1n) comprising at least one hydrogen electrolyzer for producing hydrogen as a main product and heat as a byproduct; and a second set of units (21,22…2n) comprising at least one desalination unit partially operated with the heat from the at least one hydrogen electrolyzer for producing distilled water from raw water, and the at least one water desalination unit being configured to provide at least part of the distilled water to the at least one hydrogen electrolyzer. The control system is configured to control operation of the hydrogen plant including controlling electrical energy consumption of the at least one electrolyzer and the at least one desalination unit by adjusting at least one of: 1) electrical power supplied to the at least one hydrogen electrolyzer to produce the hydrogen and the heat; 2) flowrate of the at least part of the distilled water to the at least one hydrogen electrolyzer from the at least one desalination unit; and 3) heat transferred from the at least one hydrogen electrolyzer to the at least one desalination unit.

Water deionization systems based on electrochemical water desalination or softening using a capacitive or intercalative deionization devices including a stack of electrochemical cells. Each cell includes first and second electrodes and an ion exchange membrane. Each cell includes inlet and outlet channels with control valves that control the separation of the source water into brine (e.g., concentration) and clean water (e.g., purification) streams. The deionization device or module may include multiple electrochemical cells connected electrically in series, parallel or a combination of both. The cells may also be in serial, parallel, or combined fluid communication. The output water of one or more streams from each cell or collection of cells may be recirculated and combined with one or more input water streams to improve the electrochemical energy efficiency of the cells. The electrochemical cells at different rows may have varying electrode thickness, area and loading of the active material.

A water desalination system including a sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD) unit in integration with a Jet Impingement Condenser (JIC) unit. The SGMD unit includes a water heater and a water pump connected through an inlet and an outlet to a semi-permeable membrane placed inside a distillation unit. The SGMD unit further includes an air compressor coupled to a humidity sensor, a pressure gauge, a temperature probe, and a flow meter. The JIC unit includes an air accumulation enclosure with an inlet, an air compressor outlet, and a coolant. The JIC unit further includes a perforated plate, and a condenser surface in contact with a sweeping gas inlet. The water desalination system further includes a power unit connected to the water heater and the coolant.

The application belongs to the technical field of polyamide composite membranes, and particularly relates to a modification method of a water treatment polyamide composite membrane. The method modifies the polyamide composite membrane by using active oxygen species generated by the reaction of complex metal ions and a peroxide aqueous solution, thereby improving the modification effect of the modification solution on the polyamide membrane. The method can improve the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface, regulate the pore size and structure of the polyamide separation layer of the membrane, break the mutual restriction of the water flux and desalination rate of the polyamide membrane, and simultaneously improve the water flux and desalination rate. The modification method can be carried out at room temperature, can modify the existing reverse osmosis membrane assembly, and can also be implanted into the existing reverse osmosis membrane production line to modify and improve the membrane sheet, and the prepared high-flux and high-salt rejection rate reverse osmosis membrane can be applied to the fields of seawater or brackish water desalination, power plant water desalination, household water purification, sewage reuse, industrial wastewater treatment and the like.

Systems, devices, and techniques described herein relate to iron-based desalination of water. In some cases, an inflow of water including sulfate, chloride, and sodium can be received. A sulfate reduction process may lower the concentration of sulfate. A plurality of iron nanoparticles may capture the chloride and the sodium. The iron nanoparticles may at least partially include Zero Valent Iron (ZVI). An outflow of the water may be emitted. At least some of the sulfate, the chloride, and the sodium may be omitted from the outflow.

A Fresnel spot lens desalinization system includes a Fresnel spot lens (FSL) disposed above a heating element. The heating element has a collector plate and a rod portion; The FSL concentrates solar energy onto the collector plate. A condenser vessel is connected to the collector plate. The rod portion extends into the condenser vessel having a heat resistant exterior shell. The rod portion projects interiorly of the condenser vessel at a downward angle and includes a top portion that is connected to a flat head of the heating element. The flat head receives the solar energy generated from FSL The concentrated solar energy increases the temperature of the heating element inside the condenser vessel to vaporize the salt water to steam and transfer the steam into a condensing tube to condense the steam into pure water.

A sea water desalination process and plant wherein intake sea water is delivered to at least one reverse osmosis pass comprising at least one reverse osmosis membrane to produce permeate product water and brine; wherein at least a portion of the brine is delivered to at least one reactor 2 for the removal of carbonates-based chemical in the brine by precipitating calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate is converted in a regenerator 10 to produce calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide. This provides for a series of benefits in the overall cost efficiency and sustainability of the process / plant.

The application provides a water desalination device and a manufacturing method thereof. The device comprises a shell; evaporation units and condensation units in parallel wave crest and trough are staggered in the shell, and the evaporation units are provided with the condensation units at both ends; the evaporation unit comprises an optical absorption layer and an evaporation surface, a transparent anti-convection cover is arranged above the optical absorption layer, the anti-convection cover is fixed on the upper surface of the shell, the upper and lower surfaces of the V-shaped structure are respectively arranged on the upper and lower parts of the optical absorption layer and the evaporation surface, and the lower end of the evaporation surface is inserted into a water tank for evaporation; the condensation unit comprises a cooling side and a condensation side, the cooling side and the condensation side are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the upper surface of the shell, the cooling side comprises a plurality of 3D fins coated with a radiation refrigeration coating, and the condensation side comprises a plurality of hydrophobic copper columns; the water tank for evaporation is provided with a water inlet; the liquid drops of the condensation side are gathered at the bottom of the shell; and the bottom of the shell is provided with a water outlet. The application can effectively alleviate the fresh water crisis problem in energy shortage areas.

A water desalination device, comprising:a body having a lateral wall and defining a cavity for the desalination of water, wherein in said cavity are defined a desalination chamber and a condensation chamber, wherein the condensation chamber comprises a collection portion for desalinated water,a heater, configured to heat the water to desalinate in order to produce a steam,a cooler, configured to determine a condensation of a steam deriving from the heating of the water,whereinthe heater comprises a duct within which flows seawater at a first temperature (T1),the cooler comprises a duct within which flows seawater at a second temperature (T2),wherein said water desalination device is configured to maintain a pressure lower with respect to the atmospheric one within said cavity, and is operatively connected with a vacuum pump connected with said cavity,said water desalination device comprising a first supply device configured to supply seawater at said first temperature (T1) into the duct of the heater, and a second supply device configured to supply seawater at said second temperature (T2) into the duct of the cooler.