1107 results about "Water desalination" patented technology

A process and system for purifying water is disclosed. For example, in one embodiment, the process may be used to remove a divalent salt, such as calcium sulfate, from a water source in order to prevent the divalent salt from precipitating during the process. The water source, for instance, may be fed to an ion separating device, such as an electrodialysis device. In the electrodialysis device, an ion exchange takes place between the divalent salt and another salt, such as a monovalent salt to produce two concentrated salt streams that contain salts having greater solubility in water than the divalent salt. In one embodiment, the two salt streams that are produced may then be combined to precipitate the divalent salt in a controlled manner. During the process, various other components contained within the water feed stream may also be removed from the stream and converted into useful products. In one particular embodiment, the process is configured to receive a byproduct stream from a reverse osmosis process.

Methods and systems for low emission power generation in hydrocarbon recovery processes are provided. One system includes integrated pressure maintenance and miscible flood systems with low emission power generation. An alternative system provides for low emission power generation, carbon sequestration, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), or carbon dioxide sales using a hot gas expander and external combustor. Another alternative system provides for low emission power generation using a gas power turbine to compress air in the inlet compressor and generate power using hot carbon dioxide laden gas in the expander. Other efficiencies may be gained by incorporating heat cross-exchange, a desalination plant, co-generation, and other features.

A desalination plant for treating a sea water or brackish water feed is provided. The desalination plant includes a first treatment section to effectively remove scaling species, the first treatment section including nanofiltration section, the nanofiltration section including at least two stages and at least two passes; and a reverse osmosis section that operates at high recovery to produce a purified permeate stream and a selectively NaCl salt-enriched reject stream as a saline output.

The invention discloses a solar water evaporation purification and decomposition device which comprises a water supply line, a float and heat insulation layer, an evaporation layer and a photothermalconversion and solute barrier layer which are connected in sequence from bottom to top. The water supply line enables water to pass through the float and heat insulation layer, and the water is pumpedinto the evaporation layer by virtue of a capillary action; solar energy absorbed by the photothermal conversion and solute barrier layer is converted into heat, and water is heated to be vaporized into water vapor from the evaporation layer; due to pore channel volatilization of the photothermal conversion and solute barrier layer, partial water vapor is decomposed to produce hydrogen and oxygen; since the photothermal conversion and solute barrier layer contains a hydrophobic part and is not infiltrated by water, the solar energy can directly heat a heat-absorbing material only, but not heat water, so that high photothermal conversion efficiency is realized; and meanwhile, the solute in the water is prevented from being separated out on the membrane, and sea water desalination, sewage purification and water decomposition can be realized. Due to the design of a hydrophilic/hydrophobic double-layer evaporation structure, the solar water evaporation purification and decomposition device with high photothermal conversion efficiency and high stability is obtained.

A low energy water treatment system and method is provided. The system has at least one electrodialysis device that produces partially treated water and a brine byproduct, a softener, and at least one electrodeionization device. The partially treated water stream can be softened by the softener to reduce the likelihood of scale formation and to reduce energy consumption in the electrodeionization device, which produces water having target properties. At least a portion of the energy used by the electrodeionization device can be generated by concentration differences between the brine and seawater streams introduced into compartments thereof. The brine stream can also be used to regenerate the softener.

A pyramid-like structure consisting of a base and 3 or more side frames, each side frame forming an angle to the base. The pyramid-like structure having an enclosed space within and including a way to collect solar energy and to collect and transfer thermal energy from the sun; air suction mechanisms to take surrounding air into the enclosed space; a plurality of wind turbines; a Main Thermal Reservoir to take in and hold heat transfer medium, which is heated therein and then pumped to the top day tanks. The heat transfer medium is heated by a Heat Absorption and Transfer Layer through a network of pipes on the side frame back to the Main Thermal Reservoir, wherein thermal energy is collected, absorbed and transferred to the enclosed space of the pyramid, heating the enclosed space and within the air suction means, causing a temperature differential between the surrounding air and heated air inside the enclosed space of the pyramid to create a continuous flow of the heated air to turn the wind turbines. If desired, the thermal energy can be used to by a desalination system to process seawater into potable water.

The invention discloses a compound desalination membrane as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The compound desalination membrane comprises a microporous filter membrane substrate layer and a functional layer, wherein the functional layer comprises reduced graphene oxide sheets and titanium oxide nanosheets, which are uniformly mixed and mutually stacked to form a laminar membrane. The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a water solution containing the graphene oxide sheets with a water solution containing the titanium oxide nanosheets; taking a microporous filter membrane as a substrate, preparing the laminar graphene oxide and titanium oxide compound membrane on the microporous filter membrane substrate by adopting a vacuum suction filtration method, and drying; uniformly converting graphene oxide into reduced graphene oxide through ultraviolet radiation to finally obtain the compound desalination membrane. The method realizes composition and structural design of the compound desalination membrane formed on the microporous filter membrane substrate based on reduced graphene oxide and the titanium oxide nanosheets; the prepared compound desalination membrane is soft, uniform, controllable in area and thickness, high in mechanical strength and high in desalination performance, and is used in the field of water desalination.

The invention relates to a wind, light and sea current clean energy sea water desalination device comprising a power generation device, a storage battery and a sea water desalination device which are connected in sequence, wherein the power generation device comprises a wind generation set, a solar cell panel and a sea current power generation device; the sea water desalination device comprises an extraction pump, a prefilter, a security filter, a high pressure pump, a reverse osmosis membrane assembly, a water quality testing meter and a fresh water tank; the sea current power generation device comprises a swing energy extractor, a floater connecting rod, a transmission gear box, a DC power generator and an anchor chain; the swing energy extractor is connected with the transmission gear box through the floater connecting rod, and the transmission gear box is connected with the DC power generator and fixedly connected to the sea bottom through the anchor chain. Compared with the prior art, the invention provides electric energy for the sea water desalination device by utilizing complementary power generation of wind, light and sea current, ensures that the sea water desalination device is not restricted by commercial power supply in the using process, can be conveniently used in occasions of sea islands, offshore platforms, fishing rafts, and the like, and has wide development potential and used space.

The invention relates to a seawater desalination method and device of natural vacuum and low temperature distillation, which is characterized in that the system must be airtight before operation, the water injection valve on the system top is switched on to fill up the system with seawater; the drain valves of all drainage pipes connected with the evaporation chamber are switched on, then the seawater is flowed out under the influence of the gravity; the air in the system is discharged to make the system vacuum; the heat source can be conveyed to the evaporation chamber now; when the temperature of heat source is higher than the condensation temperature, the evaporation pressure of the heated seawater is higher than the condensation temperature of fresh water, the evaporated vapor is condensed by the condenser under the action of pressure difference between the evaporation pressure and the condensing pressure and finally the desalinated water can be obtained. The invention has the advantages that a sleeve regenerator is arranged on the connection section of the water supply pipe of seawater and the evaporation chamber, the heat of the strong brine discharged by the evaporator is partially adopted to preheat the seawater in the evaporator, the liquid in the system can flow freely due to the pressure difference, thus the method can economize energy source and the device can be used to desalinate the seawater on any sea island, water-deficient area or brackish water area.

A method and apparatus for separating draw solution solutes and product solvent from a draw solution using a plurality of distillation columns. In one embodiment, the draw solution is used in a Forward Osmosis (FO) water desalination process. In this embodiment, the draw solution is directed to the plurality of distillation columns in parallel while the energy stream (heat) is directed to the plurality of distillation columns in series such that the efficiency of heat use is improved and in turn the cost of the heat is reduced.

A method and apparatus for desalinating water combined with power generation, comprising a desalination system used for desalinating coastal seawater and comprising a power generation system, wherein such dual purpose co-generation facility captures the heat vapor exhausted or a steam turbine generator's condenser is replaced by the desalination plant's heat exchanger enabling such captured heat energy to reduce the energy requirements of the desalination plant, and wherein brine solution being treated by the desalination plant is pumped from the substrata sea water table wells having low salt content brackish water.

The present invention discloses sea water desalination apparatus and method with heat energy of steam to raise heat efficiency. The sea water desalination apparatus in distillation method has several evaporators connected serially with last evaporator connected to condensator, showering system over the evaporator condensating pipe bundle connected to sea water inlet, concentrated water flash tanks and fresh water flash tanks connected to corresponding evaporators separately, concentrated water balance tank connected to the last concentrated water flash tank and product water balance tank connected to the last fresh water flash tank. The present invention is suitable for utilizing steam from thermoelectric power plant or oil refinery to desalt sea water or bitter salty water.

The invention discloses a porous carbon microsphere with the surface covered with graphene, and a preparing method and application of the porous carbon microsphere. The polymer porous microsphere with the surface provided with the amination perssad serves as a template, the polymer microsphere is fully soaked in a sulfonation graphene water solution and dried, the sulfonation graphene and the polymer microsphere are combined, the polymer porous microsphere with the surface covered with sulfonation graphene is obtained and is carbonized at a high temperature in the protective atmosphere, and a target product, namely the porous carbon microsphere with the surface covered with graphene is obtained. The diameter of the target product is in the controllable range of 5 nm to 1,000 microns, a porous structure is achieved, the aperture is in the controllable range of 5 nm to 100 nm, a very large specific area is achieved, a very high electron transfer rate and good electrical conductivity are presented, the porous carbon microsphere can be widely applied to many fields such as catalyst loads, lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, adsorption, sea water desalination and sensing, the preparing technology is simple, controllability of the reaction process is high, and industrial large-scale production is facilitated.

The invention discloses a sea-water distillation apparatus by mechanical compression distillation method which comprises a steam mechanical compressor, a plurality of evaporators and condensation tubes, spraying systems, fresh water tanks and foam trapping nets arranged in the evaporator, wherein the exit of the steam mechanical compressor is connected with the condensation tube in the first evaporator in the multiple evaporators, the condensation tube in the first evaporator is connected with the fresh water tank, the vapor exit of the first evaporator is connected with the condensation tube in the next evaporator, and so on, until the last evaporator, thus multiple effect step by step evaporation is realized by the various evaporators. The invention also discloses a process for sea water desalination by using the sea-water distillator.

The invention discloses a method and a device for distillating a vacuum film by directly utilizing a vapor compression heat pump. The method adopts a vapor compression machine to directly compress the vapor of a transmission side of a film assembly, the compressed high-temperature high-pressure vapor passes through a heater and a preheater in sequence, and the raw materials also pass through the heater and the preheater. In the process, the heat exchange is carried out between the temperature of the vapor and the raw materials to realize the condensation, temperature reduction and heat release of the vapor, so that the additional refrigeration working medium and the evaporator and the condenser thereof are not needed, and a vacuum pump is saved by using the negative pressure formed by the vapor compression machine during absorption of the vapor as a vacuum source; and simultaneously the concentrate from the film assembly exchanges heat with the raw materials through the preheater. The invention saves energy, simplifies the heat pump system, reduces the equipment cost, and can be applied to the purifying and recycling of waste water, water desalination of sea water, bitter water and salt water, concentration of juice and traditional Chinese medicine extract and the like.

This invention provides a sea-water desalination combination production technology, which is of multi utilization, high efficiency, and zero release. It is primary to obtain salt, secondary to get water, implement multi utilization. Production method can be arranged to concentrate first for extracting salt and second desalinate for extracting water (it can first desalinate for extracting water and second concentrate for extracting). Implement salt water purification by salt water fore treatment, extract seaweed from it, concentrate and extract purified salt water, extract pure saturated brine of which salt concentration achieves 26%-28% (average salt concentration of salt water untreated water is 3.5%), process salinification product with saturated brine, implement integrated usage; desalinate remaining saline water, extract fresh water which achieves drinking standard and of which salinity is lower than 500mg/, increase salt concentration of another saline water to 3.5% (the same as salt water untreated water), circulate to use, not valley, implement zero release; This invention reclaims all of remaining energy and waste heat. It provides cheap and eternal fresh water resource for people and society.

The invention discloses a seawater desalinating technique through film integrated method, which comprises the following steps: passing the seawater through self-rinsing filter; predisposing the rinsed seaward into hyperfilter device; boosting the seawater through the boost pump; removing possible micro-particle in the inlet water of counter-osmosis system of the seawater through seawater safety filter; elevating the inlet pressure of the counter-osmosis system of the seawater; desalinating through counter-osmosis system of the seawater; removing micro-particle in the inlet water of counter-osmosis system of the fresh water through fresh water safety filter; elevating the inlet pressure of the counter-osmosis system of the fresh water; desalinating through counter-osmosis system of the fresh water. The invention reduces the adding quantity of the chemicals and rinsing times of reverse osmosis membrane effectively, which improves automatic degree with stable property and small equipment occupying area.

The invention relates to a technique for desalting sea water, making salt and comprehensively using by-products thereof by utilizing wind energy, solar energy and heat pump technologies, the main procedures comprise desalting sea water, air-blowing bromine, removing impurities for clarification, heating solar pond and storing halogen, evaporating for concentration, compressing and crystallizing for salt making, brine chemical engineering, etc. the invention desalts sea water, makes salt and comprehensively uses by-products thereof by utilizing wind energy, solar energy and heat pump technologies, organically combines sea water desalting, salt making and comprehensive use of dregs and waste liquor, takes wind energy, solar energy and other renewable energy resources as main energy sources, changes sea salt production from drying on beach in the open air manually to mechanized and automated operation, puts an end to the backward state of sea salt enterprises, can save energy consumption and reduce pollution, can save investment by about 50% and occupied area by 95%, not only lowers production cost, but also recovers 35m<2> of fresh water by producing one ton of salt, thus protecting fresh water resource.