Bionic aloe evaporation and capture integrated all-weather water collecting device and manufacturing method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water desalination, and particularly relates to a bionic aloe evaporation and capture integrated all-weather water collecting device and a manufacturing method. The water collecting device comprises a base and a plurality of bionic units arranged on the base, and the bionic units are bionic aloe trees; the base is circular, the bionic units are circumferentially distributed around the circle center of the base, and at least two layers of bionic units are arranged; and the water collecting device is prepared from a hydrogel material. The base part of the device can utilize the photo-thermal characteristic of hydrogel in the daytime, and seawater evaporation can be carried out through sunlight; at night, mist catching can be carried out through the tip effect of the aloe form of the bionic unit, and water vapor in the air is collected. The whole device can play a role in the whole day and is not limited by the difference between the day and the night, and the fresh water collection efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of water desalination, and in particular relates to a bionic aloe vera evaporation and capture integrated all-weather water collection device and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The Earth's surface is rich in water resources, but freshwater accounts for only 2.5% of this total, and most of this water exists in the form of glaciers and groundwater, making it difficult to directly utilize. As human activities intensify their impact on the environment and the global population continues to grow, available freshwater resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Against this backdrop, desalination technology has emerged as a key strategy for addressing water scarcity.

[0003] Existing solar-driven interfacial evaporation desalination technology consists of two core modules: a solar thermal collector module and an interfacial evaporation module. The solar thermal collector module utilizes a large-area photovoltaic device to convert solar radiation into thermal energy, which is then transferred to the interfacial evaporation module via efficient heat conduction. The interfacial evaporation module, in turn, utilizes specialized liquid-gas interface materials to efficiently vaporize water molecules from seawater, subsequently producing purified water through condensation and collection.

[0004] However, existing desalination technologies generally have a significant limitation, namely, they can only produce fresh water under sunlight conditions and cannot achieve continuous operation around the clock. This limitation is mainly due to the high dependence of most desalination systems on light and climatic conditions. For example, solar-driven distillation systems can efficiently utilize solar radiation energy for desalination operations during the day, but the system efficiency is significantly reduced at night due to the lack of light. Similarly, desalination devices that rely on wind energy are difficult to maintain normal operation during periods of insufficient wind. This intermittent production mode not only limits the supply of fresh water, but may also have an impact on ecosystems that rely on stable water sources. Especially in water-scarce areas, this discontinuous water supply may interfere with the normal operation of life, agriculture and industrial activities. For residents, unstable water supply will bring many inconveniences and challenges to daily water use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve existing water collection devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an all-weather water collection device integrating evaporation and capture and a method for manufacturing the same.

[0006] The specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] A bionic aloe vera evaporation capture integrated all-weather water collection device, the water collection device comprising a base and a plurality of bionic units arranged on the base, the bionic units being bionic aloe vera trees having a trunk and a plurality of layers of leaves distributed around the trunk; each layer having ≥3 leaves, evenly distributed around the trunk; the leaves between adjacent layers being staggered, the trunk being columnar, with a diameter gradually decreasing from the bottom upward; the leaves being aloe vera leaf-shaped, with spikes arranged in a serrated pattern on both side edges of the leaves; the base being circular, the bionic units being distributed in a circular pattern around the center of the base, and having at least two layers; the water collection device being made of a hydrogel material.

[0008] During the day, the base of the device can utilize the photothermal properties of the hydrogel to evaporate seawater through sunlight; at night, it can use the aloe-shaped tip effect of the bionic unit to capture fog and collect water vapor in the air, allowing the entire device to function throughout the day, regardless of the difference between day and night. In addition, combined with the optimization of the bionic unit structure, the capture area can be maximized as much as possible, greatly improving the efficiency of fresh water collection.

[0009] In some embodiments, the base diameter: thickness = 30-35: 2.5-3.

[0010] In some embodiments, the bionic aloe vera trees are distributed in two layers around the center of the base, the central angle of adjacent bionic aloe vera trees in the inner layer is 60°~75°, and the central angle of adjacent bionic aloe vera trees in the outer layer is 30°~36°, and the distance from the inner layer bionic aloe vera trees to the center of the base: the distance from the outer layer bionic aloe vera trees to the center of the base = 6~7:12~14.

[0011] In some embodiments, the trunk height of the bionic aloe tree: the diameter of the trunk bottom = 10:3~3.5, the leaves on the trunk have 4 layers, which are staggered from low to high, and are the first to fourth layers in sequence. The height ratio of the leaves in each layer is 1.5-2:3-3.5:5-5.3:6.5-7, the leaf length ratio is 5.5-6:3-5:2.5-3:1.5-2, and the leaf area ratio is 14:10:7:4; the angle between the leaves and the trunk is 30°~40°, the curvature of the leaves is 30°~40°, the angle of the protrusions on the leaves is 120°, the number of spikes in each row on the leaves is 7~9, the spacing between the spikes is 0.1~0.15mm, the height of the spikes is 0.1~0.2mm, the obtuse angle of the bottom of the spikes is 90°~120°, and the size of the spikes gradually decreases from the root to the top of the leaf.

[0012] In some embodiments, the water collection device is made of polyvinyl alcohol / polypyrrole hydrogel.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned water collection device, comprising the following steps:

[0014] (1) Establishing a water collection device structural model using digital modeling software;

[0015] (2) Printing a mold using stereolithography 3D printing technology based on the structural model established in step (1);

[0016] (3) preparing a PDMS colloid, degassing it in a degassing machine, and injecting it into the container of step (2) so that it completely covers the three-dimensional model, and then cross-linking and curing it to form a PDMS reverse mold;

[0017] (4) preparing solution A (polyvinyl alcohol and polypyrrole mixed solution) and solution B (glutaraldehyde and hydrochloric acid mixed solution) respectively, and then mixing and filling them into the PDMS reverse mold obtained in step (3);

[0018] (5) Static demoulding to obtain the water collection device.

[0019] In some embodiments, in step (2), the mold is printed using a photosensitive resin, such as photosensitive resin PR48.

[0020] In some embodiments, in step (3), the mass fraction of the coagulant in the PDMS colloid is 6-10%, and the crosslinking and curing is carried out by standing for 6-10 hours at an ambient temperature of 20-30° C. The coagulant can be a coagulant commonly used for PDMS curing.

[0021] In some embodiments, in step (4), solution A is prepared by mixing a polypyrrole aqueous solution and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, wherein the molecular weight of the PVA is 13,000 to 23,000 g / mol, the mass fraction of the polypyrrole aqueous solution is 5-20%, the mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 1 to 20%, and the volume ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to the polypyrrole aqueous solution is 5:1 to 20:1. For example, the molecular weight of the PVA can be 13,000 g / mol, 18,000 g / mol, 20,000 g / mol, 23,000 g / mol, etc.

[0022] In some embodiments, in step (4), solution B is obtained by mixing a glutaraldehyde solution and an HCl solution, wherein the mass fraction of the glutaraldehyde solution is 15 to 30%, the concentration of the HCl solution is 1.0 to 3.0 mol / L, and the mixing volume ratio of the glutaraldehyde solution to the HCl solution is 2:1 to 5:1;

[0023] In some embodiments, in step (4), the mixing volume ratio of solution A and solution B is 50:1 to 100:1.

[0024] In some embodiments, in step (5), demolding is performed by freeze-thaw cycle after rest. Preferably, the freezing temperature of the freeze-thaw cycle is -30 to -50°C, the holding time is 8 to 12 hours, and the water bath dissolution time is 1 to 3 hours.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] This invention uses aloe vera, a biomimetic prototype with both transpiration and a tip effect, as a biomimetic prototype. Through structural optimization, a biomimetic unit is constructed. PVA / PPY is used as the interface evaporation and mist capture matrix, resulting in an all-weather water harvesting device. During the day, the device utilizes the photothermal properties of the hydrogel to evaporate seawater using sunlight. At night, the tip effect of the biomimetic aloe vera morphology captures mist, collecting water vapor from the air. The entire device operates throughout the day, regardless of daytime or nighttime conditions, significantly improving freshwater collection efficiency.

[0027] Furthermore, the nighttime fog-capturing function provided by the bionic aloe vera form of the present invention has lower technical difficulty and cost. Fog-capturing technology generally does not require a large amount of heat energy input like evaporation technology. It relies on temperature differences and natural environmental conditions, greatly reducing dependence on sunlight intensity and cost investment. Furthermore, it helps to reduce the thermal impact on the environment. The interfacial evaporation desalination process generates a large amount of heat energy, which may affect the surrounding environment if it cannot be dissipated in time. However, nighttime fog-capturing technology does not require additional heat energy input, will not cause the problem of heat energy accumulation, and helps to maintain environmental stability.

[0028] Furthermore, the integrated evaporation-capture functionality of the water collection device of this invention helps optimize resource allocation from both an economic and social perspective. Both the production and storage of freshwater are more flexible and efficient, better adapting to diverse geographical and climatic conditions. This translates into more rational, economical, and feasible desalination solutions for diverse regions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the bionic aloe vera evaporation and capture integrated all-weather water collection device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the bionic aloe tree structure of the bionic aloe evaporation and capture integrated all-weather water collection device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 The three-view diagram and the three-dimensional diagram of the bionic aloe vera evaporation and capture integrated all-weather water collection device of the present invention include: ① front view, ② side view, ③ top view, and ④ three-dimensional view;

[0032] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the base structure of the bionic aloe vera evaporation and capture integrated all-weather water collection device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the bionic units on the base of the bionic aloe vera evaporation and capture integrated all-weather water collection device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 The three-view diagram, three-dimensional diagram and parameter-annotated diagram of the bionic aloe tree of the bionic aloe evaporation and capture integrated all-weather water collection device of the present invention, including ① front view, ② side view, ③ top view, ④ three-dimensional diagram and ⑤ parameter-annotated diagram;

[0035] Figure 7 The three-view diagram, three-dimensional diagram and parameter annotation diagram of the bionic aloe leaf structure of the bionic aloe evaporation and capture integrated all-weather water collection device of the present invention, including ① front view, ② side view, ③ top view, ④ three-dimensional diagram, and ⑤ data annotation diagram;

[0036] Figure 8 The three-dimensional and three-dimensional drawings of the spikes of the bionic aloe vera evaporation capture integrated all-weather water harvesting device and its parameter annotation drawings include: ① front view, ② side view, ③ top view, ④ three-dimensional drawing, and ⑤ data annotation drawing;

[0037] Figure 9 The water evaporation rate of the integrated all-weather water harvesting device with different Ppy concentrations under one sun, where ① is the bionic aloe vera device and ② is the bionic cactus device;

[0038] Figure 10 This is the changing curve of the evaporation rate of the integrated all-weather water collection device with evaporation capture of different bionic units during the fog capture process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are provided below. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the disclosure of the present invention.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in this specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0041] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, materials, and equipment used in the examples of the present invention are all commercially available; and the experimental methods, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional experimental methods in the art.

[0042] refer to Figure 1-3 The present invention provides an all-weather water collection device with integrated bionic aloe evaporation capture, comprising a base 1 and a plurality of bionic units 2 arranged on the base, wherein the bionic unit 2 is a bionic aloe tree, which refers to the structural layout of the plant aloe, and has a trunk 21 and a plurality of layers of leaves 22 distributed around the trunk; each layer has ≥3 leaves, which are evenly distributed around the trunk; the leaves between adjacent layers are staggered; the trunk 21 is columnar, and the diameter gradually decreases from the bottom to the top; the leaves 22 are aloe leaf-shaped, and have spikes 23 on the leaves, which are serrated on the edges of both sides of the leaves; the base 1 is circular, and the bionic units 2 are distributed in a circle around the center of the base, with at least two layers, which can be two layers, three layers, or more layers; the water collection device is made of hydrogel material.

[0043] During the day, the base of the device utilizes the photothermal properties of the hydrogel to evaporate seawater using sunlight. At night, the aloe-shaped tip of the biomimetic unit captures fog, collecting water vapor from the air. Furthermore, due to the unique design of the aloe vera tree, the device achieves higher water vapor collection efficiency than other biomimetic structures. Therefore, the device can achieve all-day collection with high efficiency.

[0044] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned water collection device, comprising the following steps:

[0045] (1) Establishing a water collection device structural model using digital modeling software;

[0046] (2) Printing a mold using stereolithography 3D printing technology based on the structural model established in step (1);

[0047] (3) preparing a PDMS colloid, degassing it in a degassing machine, and injecting it into the container of step (2) so that it completely covers the three-dimensional model, and then cross-linking and curing it to form a PDMS reverse mold;

[0048] (4) preparing solution A (polyvinyl alcohol and polypyrrole mixed solution) and solution B (glutaraldehyde and hydrochloric acid mixed solution) respectively, and then mixing and filling them into the PDMS reverse mold obtained in step (3);

[0049] (5) Static demoulding to obtain the water collection device.

[0050] The following describes the details in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] refer to Figure 1-3This embodiment provides a bionic aloe vera evaporation capture integrated all-weather water collection device, including a base 1 and a plurality of bionic units 2 arranged on the base. The bionic unit 2 is a bionic aloe vera tree, having a trunk 21 and a plurality of layers of leaves 22 distributed around the trunk; each layer has three leaves, which are evenly distributed around the trunk; the trunk 21 is columnar, and the diameter gradually decreases from the bottom to the top; the leaves 22 are aloe vera leaf-shaped, and have spikes 23 on the leaves, which are serrated on the edges of both sides of the leaves.

[0053] refer to Figure 4 The base 1 is circular, with a diameter A of 30 mm and a thickness B of 3 mm.

[0054] refer to Figure 5 The bionic units 2 are arranged in a circular pattern around the center of the base, forming two layers. The center angle a between adjacent bionic aloe vera trees in the inner layer is 60°, while the center angle b between adjacent bionic aloe vera trees in the outer layer is 30°. The distance C between the inner bionic aloe vera trees and the center of the base is 6 mm, while the distance D between the outer bionic aloe vera trees and the center of the base is 12 mm.

[0055] refer to Figure 6-8 The height H of the trunk of the bionic aloe tree is 10mm, the diameter E of the bottom of the trunk is 3mm, and there are 4 layers of leaves on the trunk, which are staggered from low to high, and are the first to fourth layers respectively. The height of the leaf branches in each layer is h1 1.8mm, h2 is 3.33mm, h3 is 5.13mm, and h4 is 6.83mm. The leaf lengths F are 5.6mm, 4mm, 2.8mm, and 1.6mm respectively, and the leaf area ratio is 14:10:7:4; the angle c between the leaf and the trunk is 30°, the bending degree d of the leaf is 30°, the number of spikes in each row on the leaf is 9, the spacing G between the spikes is 0.1mm, the height of the spikes is 0.1mm, the obtuse angle d at the bottom of the spikes is 120°, and the size of the spikes gradually decreases at equal distances from the root to the top of the leaf.

[0056] The specific preparation process of the water collection device of this embodiment is as follows:

[0057] Step 1: Accurately obtain the three-dimensional geometric structure of aloe vera, establish a parameterized bionic water collection device array structure model through digital modeling software, and draw the two-dimensional and three-dimensional design drawings of the aloe vera bionic device and the device dimensions.

[0058] Step 2: Combine the design drawing with stereolithography 3D printing technology and use photosensitive resin PR48 to prepare an aloe vera bionic device mold (PR48 mold).

[0059] Step 3: Fix the mold to the bottom of the circular container with an adhesive, prepare polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) colloid with a mass fraction of 6.8% of the coagulant, and then degas it using a degassing machine with a rotation speed of 10 min / 6000 r. Pour it into the container to cover the highest point of the three-dimensional model by 2 mm. Let it stand at a temperature of 25°C for 8 hours until it solidifies and then remove it from the model to obtain a PDMS reverse mold.

[0060] Step 4: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a molecular weight of 15,000 g / mol was mixed with deionized water and stirred to obtain a 10% PVA gel solution; a 10% polypyrrole (PPY) solution was then taken, and the PVA gel solution and the polypyrrole solution were mixed in a volume ratio of 10:1, followed by ultrasonic treatment for 5 minutes to obtain solution A - a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and polypyrrole;

[0061] A 25% mass fraction glutaraldehyde solution and a 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution were mixed in a ratio of 3:1 and ultrasonically treated for 3 minutes to obtain solution B, a mixture of glutaraldehyde and hydrochloric acid.

[0062] Solution A and solution B were mixed in a volume ratio of 50:1, ultrasonicated for 5 min, and then accurately filled into the PDMS reverse mold obtained in step 2 using vacuum-assisted filling technology and allowed to stand for 8 h.

[0063] Step 5: Demolding after forming using a freeze-thaw cycle, with a freezing temperature of -40°C, an insulation time of 8 hours, and a water bath dissolution time of 3 hours. Repeat this three times to finally obtain an integrated evaporation and capture all-weather water collection bionic device.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] The difference from Example 1 is that the mass fraction of the coagulant in step 3 is 7.2%, and the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) colloid is poured to a depth of 1.5 mm above the highest point of the three-dimensional model.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] The difference from Example 1 is that the ambient temperature of the standing state in step 3 is 30° C. and the standing time is 7 hours.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] The difference from Example 1 is that the freezing temperature of the freeze-thaw cycle in step 4 is -25°C and the holding time is 9 hours.

[0070] Example 5

[0071] The difference from Example 1 is that the mass fractions of the polypyrrole (ppy) solution in step 4 are 5%, 15%, and 20% respectively.

[0072] Comparative Example 1

[0073] The difference from Example 1 is that the biomimetic unit is a biomimetic cactus, i.e., the leaves of Example 1 do not have sharp spines and are not curved. All other aspects are the same. Similarly, the mass fraction of the polypyrrole (PPY) solution in step 4 was changed to 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, to produce water collection devices.

[0074] The water collection devices obtained in Example 1 and Example 5 and the water collection device obtained in Comparative Example 1 were all tested for their water evaporation under one sun. The results are as follows: Figure 9 shown.

[0075] It can be seen that the mass fraction of the polypyrrole (ppy) solution has little effect on the water collection capacity, but in comparison, the aloe vera bionic unit of the embodiment of the present invention has a stronger water collection capacity.

[0076] Comparative Example 2

[0077] Also referring to the structure and manufacturing method of the water collection device in Example 1, the shape of the bionic unit was changed, and the water collection device was prepared using the same process and materials, and a bionic cactus device, a bionic tree-shaped device and a bionic leaf device were prepared respectively.

[0078] Among them, the bionic cactus device is the water collection device of comparative example 1; the difference between the bionic tree-like device and Example 1 is that the bionic unit is a tree-like thorn tree, which is equivalent to the leaves of Example 1 without thorns, and the leaves do not have bends and the leaves are in the shape of conical thorns, and the rest are the same; the difference between the bionic leaf device and Example 1 is that the bionic unit is a leaf-like tree, which is equivalent to the leaves of Example 1 without thorns, and the leaves do not have bends and the leaves are in the shape of leaves, and the rest are the same.

[0079] The water collection device obtained in Example 1 and the water collection device obtained in Comparative Example 2 were placed under the same environmental conditions to test their evaporation rate changes during the fog capture process. It can be seen that compared with bionic units of other bionic forms, the water evaporation rate of the water collection device of the aloe tree bionic unit in the embodiment of the present invention is the fastest.

[0080] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined in any combination. To simplify the description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of this invention shall be based on the attached claims.

Claims

1. A bionic aloe vera evaporation and capture integrated all-weather water collection device, characterized in that: The water collection device comprises a base (1) and a plurality of bionic units (2) arranged on the base, The bionic unit (2) is a bionic aloe vera tree, having a trunk (21) and a plurality of layers of leaves (22) distributed around the trunk; each layer has ≥3 leaves, which are evenly distributed around the trunk; the leaves between adjacent layers are staggered, the trunk (21) is columnar, and the diameter gradually decreases from the bottom to the top; the leaves (22) are aloe vera leaf-shaped, and have sharp thorns (23) on the leaves, which are serrated and arranged on both sides of the leaf edges; The base (1) is circular, and the bionic units (2) are distributed in a circular pattern around the center of the base and have at least two layers; The water collection device is made of hydrogel material.

2. The water collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that The diameter of the base (1): thickness = 30-35: 2.5-3.

3. The water collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that The bionic aloe vera trees have two layers around the center of the base, the center angles of adjacent bionic aloe vera trees in the inner layer are 60° to 75°, and the center angles of adjacent bionic aloe vera trees in the outer layer are 30° to 36°. The distance from the inner layer bionic aloe vera trees to the center of the base is 6 to 7: the distance from the outer layer bionic aloe vera trees to the center of the base is 12 to 14.

4. The water collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that The bionic aloe tree trunk height: trunk bottom diameter = 10: 3-3.5, The trunk (21) has four layers of leaves, which are arranged in a staggered manner from low to high, namely the first layer to the fourth layer, and the height ratio of the leaves in each layer is 1.5-2:3-3.5:5-5.3:6.5-7, the length ratio of the leaves is 5.5-6:3-5:2.5-3:1.5-2, and the size ratio of the leaves is 14:10:7:4; The angle between the blade (22) and the trunk (21) is 30° to 40°, the curvature of the blade is 30° to 40°, and the angle of the protrusion on the blade is 120°. The number of spikes (23) in each row on the blade is 7 to 9, the spacing between the spikes is 0.1 to 0.15 mm, the height of the spikes is 0.1 to 0.2 mm, the obtuse angle of the bottom of the spikes is 90° to 120°, and the size of the spikes gradually decreases from the root to the top of the blade.

5. The water collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that The water collection device is prepared from polyvinyl alcohol / polypyrrole hydrogel.

6. The method for preparing the water collection device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Establishing a water collection device structural model using digital modeling software; (2) Printing a mold using stereolithography 3D printing technology based on the structural model established in step (1); (3) preparing a PDMS colloid, degassing it in a degassing machine, and injecting it into the container of step (2) so that it completely covers the three-dimensional model, and then cross-linking and curing it to form a PDMS reverse mold; (4) preparing solution A (polyvinyl alcohol and polypyrrole mixed solution) and solution B (glutaraldehyde and hydrochloric acid mixed solution) respectively, and then mixing and filling them into the PDMS reverse mold obtained in step (3); (5) Static demoulding to obtain the water collection device.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that In step (2), the mold is printed using a photosensitive resin.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that In step (3), the mass fraction of the coagulant in the PDMS colloid is 6-10%, and the PDMS colloid is allowed to stand for 6-10 hours at an ambient temperature of 20-30°C for cross-linking and curing.

9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that In step (4), solution A is obtained by mixing a polypyrrole aqueous solution and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, wherein the molecular weight of the PVA is 13,000 to 23,000 g / mol, the mass fraction of the polypyrrole aqueous solution is 5-20%, the mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 1 to 20%, and the mixed volume ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to the polypyrrole aqueous solution is 5:1 to 20:1; Solution B is obtained by mixing a glutaraldehyde solution and an HCl solution, wherein the mass fraction of the glutaraldehyde solution is 15 to 30%, the concentration of the HCl solution is 1.0 to 3.0 mol / L, and the mixing volume ratio of the glutaraldehyde solution to the HCl solution is 2:1 to 5:1; The mixing volume ratio of solution A and solution B is 50:1 to 100:

1.

10. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that In step (5), demoulding is performed by freeze-thaw cycle after resting, wherein the freezing temperature of the freeze-thaw cycle is -30 to -50°C, the heat preservation time is 8 to 12 hours, and the water bath dissolution time is 1 to 3 hours.

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