The invention discloses a solar water surface algae removal system and a water surface algae removal method. A water surface algae removal facility main body comprises a floating barrel, solar polar plates at the periphery, a solar polar plate at the top, solar polar plate brackets, a main body platform, an oxygenation aerator, a motor, a solar storage battery set, a guide barrel bracket, a floating barrel bracket, a water distribution plate, an ultrasonic algae removal instrument, a signal generator, an ultraviolet algae removal instrument, an algae removal agent spraying device, a main controller, water quality monitoring equipment, a power supply controller and a water stream guide barrel. The algae removal system is reasonable in design, compact in structure, easy to manufacture, low in manufacturing cost, convenient to mount, easy and convenient to operate, convenient to repair, low in manpower, effective in water area control, free from secondary pollution and wide in application range, does not need to be watched by a specially-assigned person, can be used for different types of water areas and can be applied to lakes, reservoirs and river channels.