283 results about "Ecological risk" patented technology

The invention discloses a transformation technology of south subtropical masson pine artificial pure forest to a masson pine-broadleaved uneven-aged stratified mixed stand, and belongs to the technical field of forestry ecology. The technology is a management model which transforms a masson pine even-aged single-storied artificial pure forest into the masson pine-broadleaved uneven-aged stratifiedmixed stand in an early stage, and performs cultivation in a later stage to form a close-to-nature multi-functional selection forest using masson pines as a constructive species through technical measures of using a current masson pine plantation as a management object, forming forest gaps through appropriate thinning, replanting an indigenous broad-leaved tree species under the forest gaps, utilizing natural force to start natural regeneration and the like. The technology disclosed by the invention can change the problems that a traditional masson pine artificial pure forest has a large ecological risk, poor structural stability, and low economic benefits, and through reasonable transformation, the masson pine-broadleaved uneven-aged stratified mixed stand having stable ecological performance and aiming to cultivate large-diameter timber of the masson pines and precious tree species can be formed.

The invention discloses a metal-mining-area soil-water interface heavy metal pollution load forecasting method. The metal-mining-area soil-water interface heavy metal pollution load forecasting method mainly comprises the following steps of sample collection and pre-processing, sample detection, data processing, building of a GIS database, building of a metal-mining-area soil-water interface heavy metal migration and transformation kinetic model, and building, verification and optimization of a forecasting model method. The fitting degree of the forecasting method with a measured value of an actual load can meet the requirement for forecasting precision, and therefore theoretical foundations and scientific bases are provided for evaluation, controlling, treatment, restoration and the like of ecological risks of metal-mining-area heavy metal pollution.

The invention discloses a Nen River drainage basin typical region water ecology risk assessment method based on a system dynamics decision model, and relates to the Nen River drainage basin typical region water ecology risk assessment method. The method comprises the following steps: simulating different treatment schemes for tributary afflux, nonpoint source discharge, upland water and riverside pollution discharge factors which affect the amount of a pollution source input into the Nierji reservoir through the system dynamics decision model to achieve an affect that an ecological risk of a reservoir is lowered, and scheme decisions are realized ; evaluating the water ecology risk situations of different point locations in different time periods in a lake reservoir on the basis of a water ecology risk index system; constructing a sample space of a Bayesian network on the basis of Netica software; and calculating ecology risk happening probabilities of different degrees when each index is changed so as to realize Nen River drainage basin typical region water ecology risk assessment.The method is applied to river drainage basin typical region water ecology risk assessment.

The invention discloses a nano-loading zero-valent-iron-based PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) compound material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The main preparation method comprises the following steps of: (1) pretreating a PVDF microfiltration membrane; (2) functioning the PVDF filter membrane by taking acrylic acid (AA) as a functional monomer; (3) respectively immersing the functioned PVDF filter membrane into sodium salt and soluble iron salt solutions for ion exchange, loading iron ions on the functioned PVDF filter membrane; and (4) immersing the PVDF filter membrane into a borohydride salt solution so as to prepare the nano-loading zero-valent-iron-based PVDF compound material under the strong reduction action. By respectively repairing simulative dyeing wastewater, heavy metal wastewater and anionic organic wastewater at the room temperature through using the reduction function of the material, the nano-loading zero-valent-iron-based PVDF compound material as well as the preparation method and the application thereof disclosed by the invention are conveniently and simply operated and easily recycled, have the advantages of low cost and good dispersity of nano iron particles, and are capable of reducing ecological risks caused by that the nano iron particles flow into water so as to improve the service cycle of the compound material. The nano-loading zero-valent-iron-based PVDF compound material can be regarded as an environment-friendly environment restoration material.

The invention discloses a theoretical prediction method for organic chemical n-octyl alcohol/ air distribution coefficient (KOA) and belongs to the field of ecological risk assessment testing strategy. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) based on a molecular Dragon descriptor of a compound and calculating free melting energy based on a thermodynamic principle by adopting an open source solvent model, and transforming to obtain the KOA according to a thermodynamic principle formula of logKOA=-deltaGOA/2.303RT. A general strategy of predicting the KOA of the compound is provided based on the method, namely whether the molecule is in the application range is judged according to the Dragon descriptor, if so, a QSAR model is preferentially adopted (QSAR-T is adopted at different temperatures), otherwise, the compound is predicted by adopting an SM8AD solvent model. The method and strategy are adopted and accorded, the KOA of different compounds at different temperatures can be rapidly and effectively predicted, lots of manpower, material resources and financial resources are saved, and important essential data is provided for large-scale ecological risk assessment and environment supervision of chemicals.

The invention relates to a method for building an ecology risk assessment model for an estuary; the method comprises the following steps of: building an ecology risk assessment index system covering biological diversity indexes, comprehensive pollution indexes and pressure indexes of social and economic development in an estuary region; determining the standard values of risk upper limits and risk lower limits of the indexes in the index system according to the existing standard values, and carrying out standardization processing on data of stations; determining the weights of the indexes by using an analytical hierarchy process, and obtaining ecology risk values by weighting and adding; carrying out section division on the estuary region; and obtaining the risk value of each section after division, disclosing a space-time distribution pattern of the ecology risk in the estuary region and discriminating main factors resulting in the risks of the estuary region. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of being simple and objective, disclosing the space-time distribution pattern of the ecology risk in the estuary region, accurately accessing and discriminating the current situation of the ecology risk in the estuary region and main risk factors and providing a reliable theory and technical support for establishing a watershed ecology risk early warning mechanism and ecology risk management.

The invention discloses a method for extracting alga-inhibiting active ingredients from Artemisia annua L., and an alga-inhibiting method, and belongs to the field of water pollution control. The invention solves the problems of high cost, large ecological risk, secondary pollution and the like of the traditional alga-inhibiting technology. The device discloses a method for extracting and preparing an alga-inhibiting agent from land plant of Artemisia annua L. The method comprises the following steps of: extracting the dried and crushed Artemisia annua L. by steps with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, washing petroleum ether extracting solution with diluted acid, combining active ingredients obtained by diluted alkaline stripping and active ingredients obtained by washing ethyl acetate extracting solution with diluted acid and diluted alkaline, and then preparing the alga-inhibiting agent. The method has the advantages of simple process, easy implementation, low cost and the like, and can be widely used for waters of ponds, reservoirs, lakes and the like.

The invention discloses a method for determining an ecological safety threshold of heavy metal in chemical engineering areas. The method comprises the following steps: A1, collecting biological toxicity data; A2, screening the collected biological toxicity data according to the preset screening strategy; A3, determining whether the screened biological toxicity data quantity meets a preset data amount threshold; if it is, implementing step A4; and otherwise, supplementing biological toxicity data through the ecotoxicological test, and then implementing the step A4; and A4, based on the screened biological toxicity data, or screened toxicity data and biological toxicity data supplemented by ecotoxicological test, determining the ecological safety threshold of soil heavy metal in the chemical engineering area. The method of the invention can effectively evaluate the soil ecological risk caused by heavy metal pollutants.

The invention discloses composite bio-energizer used for in-situ ecological remediation of polluted river sediment. The composite bio-energizer comprises oxidant and bio-energizer. The oxidant is one or two of calcium peroxide or calcium nitrate. The bio-energizer comprises amino acid, micro-molecular organic acid, vitamin, inorganic salt and microelement. According to the characteristics of bottom sludge in a river, oxidant and bio-energizer compositions are obtained by screening, matching quality of the oxidant can be adjusted according to pollution level of the bottom sludge in the river, and ecological risk cannot be caused to the bottom sludge due to absence of microorganism. In addition, growth and reproduction of indigenous microorganism are achieved by stimulating the bottom sludge, a pollution-resistant bottom sludge micro-ecosystem is established, and remediation effect of the bottom sludge can be kept excellent for a long term. An experimental research shows that by the use of the composite bio-energizer, content of TOC (total organic carbon) in the bottom sludge can be reduced, and diversity and activity of microorganisms are increased.

The in-situ biological repairing method of polluted water body with composite enzyme biopromoter is to throw composite enzyme biopromoter in the amount and mode determined based on pollutant quantity to the polluted water body. The work flow includes the steps of: examining the polluted water body, analyzing the polluted water amount and total pollutant amount, determining the repair plan, establishing operation platform, and repairing the water body in different stages. The present invention has the advantages of restoring water self-cleaning capacity, restoring the natural ecological environment, low ecological risk and simple operation, and is suitable for treatment on different kinds of polluted water bodies.

The invention provides a real-time quantitative judgment method of the hazard of a trans-boundary sudden water environmental pollution accident, which relates to a real-time quantitative judgment method of the hazard of a sudden water environmental pollution accident. The invention solves the problems of insufficient evaluation on direct or indirect ecological risk caused by a sudden pollution accident and on urgent or long-term risk after an accident, and a more complete evaluation rating system for accident hazard at and surrounding a site with an accident. The method comprises the steps of: firstly, building a factor set of evaluated objects by adopting a PSR (Pressure-Status-Response) model, and determining the weighting coefficient of an early-warning index by adopting an analytic hierarchy process; secondly, building an evaluation rating set, and further building a membership function of the evaluation rating set by adopting a step-down trapezoid distribution method; and finally, carrying out comprehensive judgment on the early-warning level of the trans-boundary pollution accident by adopting a maximal subordinate degree principle. The judgment method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simpleness of creation and high operation feasible degree, and provides information and technical supports for early warning and emergency decision direction for trans-boundary sudden water environmental pollution accidents.

The invention discloses a method for building a Nierji reservoir water ecological risk early warning model through the fusion technology, and relates to a method for building a Nierji reservoir water ecological risk early warning model. A system dynamics decision-making module is adopted for risk early warning and decision making quantitative analysis, then a Bayesian network model is adopted for risk early warning and decision making quantitative analysis according to a quantitative analysis result, and therefore Nierji reservoir water ecological risk early warning and decision making are achieved. The Nierji reservoir water ecological risk early warning model is built, the system dynamics and the Bayesian network model technology are fused, quantitative advantages in early-warning and decision-making research are highlighted, and Nierji reservoir water ecological risk early warning and decision making are achieved. The accuracy of the model is verified based on comparison and analysis for current data, and the availability of the model is verified through early-warning research on relative risk source risks and decision-making research on control strategies.

The invention provides a soil heavy metal risk prediction method. Based on a sequential condition simulation method, the contents of various heavy metals in the soil in a target area can be estimated,and a visualized risk map of heavy metals in the soil is generated by integrating various heavy metal contents based on a Hakanson potential ecological risk index method. Compared with a traditionalKriging interpolation method, the sequential condition simulation method can better reflect the uncertainty of heavy metal distribution, overcomes the smoothing effect of the traditional Kriging interpolation method, and has better predictability; the Hakanson potential ecological risk index method can scientifically synthesize various soil heavy metal contents and obtains the more accurate assessment risk; the method is relatively intuitive to observe high-risk areas from the visible soil heavy metal risk map, makes preventive measures in time, and has good practicability.

The invention relates to plant repair for cadmium-based heavy metal polluted soil, in particular to a method for repairing cadmium polluted soil by using inorganic chemical fertilizer and cadmium hyper-accumulative plant mirabilis jalapa L. The method comprises the steps of applying phosphate fertilizer (monopotassium phosphate) to the cadmium polluted soil and then planting ornamental plant mirabilis jalapa L. so as to fulfill the purpose of repairing the cadmium polluted soil by enhancing the extracting effect of the mirabilis jalapa L. on the cadmium in the soil. By applying the phosphate fertilizer, the method not only can improve the biomass of the mirabilis jalapa L. and absorption and accumulation effects on the cadmium, but also can reduce the biological effectiveness and ecological risk of the cadmium in the soil. The method has the advantages of low repair cost, high repair efficiency, strong operability, little environmental risk and the like, and can beautify the environment while governing the polluted soil.

The invention discloses a water comprehensive toxicity rapid detection method based on algae chlorophyll fluorescene. According to the method, toxic and sensitive unicellular scenedesmus obliquus is selected as a testing organism, an experimental group and a blank control group of a to-be-tested water sample are subjected to adaptive cultivation for 24 hours, fast-phase chlorophyll fluorescene of two groups of algae samples is measured, fluorescence parameters in the energy transfer process of main photosynthesis are analyzed and obtained, an inhibition ratio of to-be-tested water of the experimental group on the photosynthesis of algae is calculated, and the comprehensive toxicity intensity of the to-be-tested water is calculated according to the dose-effect relationship between the substance toxicity intensity and the inhibition ratio of photosynthesis. The method has the characteristics of sensitive toxicity response, simple and fast test and the like and is a new method for rapid evaluation of ecological risk and emergency monitoring of sudden pollution accidents.

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural land environment pollution evaluation, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks of agricultural land. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, performing sampling, then chemically measuring the content of heavy metals in soil, and on the basis of analyzing the pollution degree of agricultural land by adopting a land accumulation index method and an improved inner Meiluo comprehensive pollution index method, providing a set of new evaluation method for comprehensively considering the soil, the pollution space-time trend, the diagenetic effect, the influence of human activities on the environment and other aspects. According to the method, the limitation of atraditional potential ecological risk evaluation method is overcome; accuracy and scientificity of agricultural land heavy metal pollution risk evaluation are improved to a certain extent, ecologicalrisks of heavy metals in soil can be comprehensively and accurately evaluated, and substantial method guidance is provided for agricultural land heavy metal pollution monitoring, environmental management and ecological protection.

A method for determining ecological risk, particularly a method for the ecological risk assessment of a heavy metal in a river basin sediment based on a toxicity effect. The assessment method includes screening the main aquatic organisms in a river basin; sampling a sediment, and determining and detecting the heavy metal type; measuring the concentration of the heavy metal in the sediment; collecting the heavy metal release coefficient; collecting the heavy metal toxicity data and fitting the data; determining the heavy metal HC_sⁱ value according to a fitting equation; calculating the heavy metal toxicity response coefficient; calculating the ecological risk index of the heavy metal. This method can further include calculating the comprehensive ecological risk index of various types of heavy metals. The method can accurately reflect the ecological risk of a heavy metal on aquatic organisms in a river basin.

The invention discloses a practical evaluation method for soil heavy metal pollution in a coal mining area, which is characterized in that the specific steps are as follows: step 1, determining the soil heavy metal background value, soil baseline value and heavy metal element content pollution degree classification; step 2, determining the unit in the soil environment evaluation Factor index and Nemerow comprehensive index; Step 3, determine the potential ecological hazard index in the pollution risk assessment. The present invention solves the problem that the existing evaluation means cannot effectively quantitatively evaluate the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in coal mining area soil, provides an effective way for the evaluation of the environmental quality of heavy metal polluted soil in coal mining area, can describe and evaluate the soil heavy metal pollution status more accurately, and improves the coal mining area. The effectiveness and accuracy of the environmental assessment of heavy metal pollution in the soil of the coal mining area can provide more effective decision support for the prevention and restoration of the heavy metal polluted soil in the coal mining area.

The invention discloses a biomass-ash-residue brick as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Biomass ash residues are used as raw materials; the biomass-ash-residue brick is obtained after the biomass ash residues with different particle sizes and cement are mixed and agitated by adopting a certain matching ratio, an obtained mixture is molded, and the molded mixture is maintained. The problems that the utilization rate of the ash residues from a biomass power plant is currently low and the resource waste and the environmental pollution are caused are solved; a feasible resource utilization path is provided for the biomass ash residues of the power plant; meanwhile, the biomass-ash-residue brick is prepared by adopting a sintering-free technique, and has the advantages of being free from sintering, free from high temperature and high pressure, short in treatment period, good in treatment effect, and the like. The compression strength of the biomass-ash-residue brick provided by the invention can meet requirements in the GBT17431.1-2010; meanwhile, the biomass-ash-residue brick also conforms to the GB5085.3-2007 standard; the leachability of heavy metal is extremely low; the biomass-ash-residue brick has no harmful elements, has no ecological risks, and belongs to an environment-friendly product.

A method for evaluate environmental quality of heavy metals in sediment include collecting basic data of sediment, including regional geochemical background value of heavy metals in sediment and dataof physical and chemical property of sediment, specifically including content of heavy metals in sediment, content of alumina in sediment, content of organic matter in sediment and median grain size of sediment; The contents of heavy metals in sediments and the regional geochemical background values of heavy metals in sediments were treated by triangular fuzzy number and alpha-cut set. The enrichment index of heavy metals in sediment was calculated and the source of heavy metals in sediment was judged by correlation analysis. Calculate the accumulative index, and judge the pollution level of heavy metals in sediment based on the calculation of membership degree; Calculate the single factor pollution index, calculate the potential ecological hazard index, and then calculate the ecological risk of heavy metals in sediment based on the membership degree. The invention overcomes the shortcomings of uncertainty of data selection and evaluation results, reasonably evaluates the environmentalquality of heavy metals in sediments, and provides effective technical support for environmental quality management.

The invention discloses a method for adopting a quantitative structure-activity relationship model to predicting soil or sediment adsorption coefficients of an organic compound. On the basis that a molecular structure of the organic compound is known, the soil or sediment adsorption coefficients of the organic compound can be quickly and efficiently predicted only by calculating a molecular descriptor with the molecular structure and applying a built QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) model. The method is simple, quick, low in cost and capable of saving manpower, material resources and financial resources needed for experiment testing. Modeling is performed according to guidelines on building and using the QSAR model of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and a simple and transparent multiple linear regression analysis method is applied, so that easiness in understanding and applying is realized; the method has clear application domain, good fitting capacity, robustness and predicting capability; by the method, the soil or sediment adsorption coefficients of the organic compound in the application domain can be effectively predicted, and necessary basic data are provided for ecological risk evaluation and management of the compound; the method has important significance.

The invention relates to the environment ecological risk assessment field, and in particular relates to an organic chemical exposure level forecasting model and data analysis system for a surface water environment medium based on mass balance and dynamic subduction under the surface water environment. The organic chemicals are finally discharged into the surrounding water environment along with the modern industrial production wastewater after being treated, and volatized into atmosphere along with the water, and then enter water bottom sediment through adsorption effect or settlement effect. An exposure forecasting model system which is simple in model structure, clear in forecasting rule, easy to understand and effective is established, the model in an appropriate level can be selected according to the research aim and requirements, and the model has significance to the environment exposure and security management of the organic chemicals and the environment ecologic risk assessment.

The invention discloses an in-situ soil remedying composite material capable of efficiently removing heavy metals. The in-situ soil remedying composite material comprises the following components: 10-20 parts of sodium persulfate, 5-10 parts of sodium polyepoxysuccinate, 1-5 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 1-3 parts of nanocarbon, 1-5 parts of serpentine, 5-10 parts of lignite humate, 1-3 parts ofa surfactant, 4-8 parts of calcium dioxide, 4-8 parts of Chinese herbal residue, 1-3 parts of potassium permanganate, 1-5 parts of red mud particles, 1-5 parts of chitosan dithiocarbamate and 1-3 parts of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride. The in-situ soil remedying composite material can remedy soil contaminated by various heavy metals (such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and As) and toxic organic substances (such as chlorinated organic compounds, brominated organic compounds and antibiotics), reduces conditions of strong heavy metal activity and strong bioavailability in the soil, prevents transfer of the heavy metals from the soil to plants, prevents bioenrichment and amplification of the heavy metals, can efficiently remove the heavy metals such as chromium and mercury from the soil, and restores original functions of the soil, so that needs of agricultural development are met, and the ecological safety of crops and other plants is guaranteed, and the ecological risks of the bioamplification and the enrichment of the heavy metals to people are avoided.