178 results about "Tributary" patented technology

Methods and apparatus for treating the interior of a blood vessel include a variety of catheter designs, methods and apparatus for occluding a blood vessel, methods and apparatus for locating an occlusion device, methods and apparatus for locating a treating device at the site of blood vessel tributaries, and methods and apparatus for dispensing treating agent.

Methods and apparatus for treating the interior of a blood vessel include a variety of catheter designs, methods and apparatus for occluding a blood vessel, methods and apparatus for locating an occlusion device, methods and apparatus for locating a treating device at the site of blood vessel tributaries, and methods and apparatus for dispensing treating agent.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for transmitting low rate signals over an optical transport network, including: adapting the low rate signals into low rate optical channel data units of the same rate level with the low rate signals; asynchronously mapping each of the low rate optical channel data units into a low rate optical channel data tributary unit respectively, and generating justification overhead used for rate adaptation for each of the low rate optical channel data units; and forming a higher order optical channel data unit with at least one low rate optical channel data tributary unit and justification overhead corresponding to the low rate optical channel data tributary unit. The present invention enables the optical transport network to support mapping, multiplexing and highly efficient transmission of low rate signals.

In a multi-QOS level queuing structure, packet payload pointers are stored in multiple queues and packet payloads in a common memory pool. Algorithms control the drop probability of packets entering the queuing structure. Instantaneous drop probabilities are obtained by comparing measured instantaneous queue size with calculated minimum and maximum queue sizes. Non-utilized common memory space is allocated simultaneously to all queues. Time averaged drop probabilities follow a traditional Weighted Random Early Discard mechanism. Algorithms are adapted to a multi-level QOS structure, floating point format, and hardware implementation. Packet flow from a router egress queuing structure into a single egress port tributary is controlled by an arbitration algorithm using a rate metering mechanism. The queuing structure is replicated for each egress tributary in the router system.

The invention relates to a cloud system structure pre-warning system and method for riverway type reservoir tributary bay water bloom. The cloud system structure pre-warning system comprises a monitoring cloud module, an information cloud module, an application supporting module, a water bloom pre-warning module and a discussion decision-making module. The monitoring cloud module is composed of a field information collecting unit and an operation communication unit, storage media of the information cloud module are composed of movable distributed storage station nets combined fixedly, the application supporting module is composed of a basic supporting unit, an application customization unit, a data cooperation unit and an emergency response module, the water bloom pre-warning module is composed of a risk analysis unit and a pre-warning and forecasting unit, and the discussion decision-making module is used for achieving decision-making discussion and information sharing communication in a cloud environment. The cloud system structure pre-warning system and method for riverway type reservoir tributary bay water bloom achieve seamless linkage and operation control over the modules based on a cloud system structure, carry out all-weather monitoring, cloud storage and water bloom risk pre-warning on the inducing factors of the riverway type reservoir tributary bay water bloom and water bloom biochemical properties, and provide a new measure based on the cloud system structure for preventing and reducing water bloom events.

A data transmission apparatus and method used in resilient multiple service ring, including a first working ring and a second working ring, for transmitting data between physical layer side device and network layer device or other upper layer facilities, such as carrier class node equipments, core and edge routers, switch devices, IP based network accessing equipments, line cards, and interfacing units used in high rates or low rates, e.g. Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit, Ethernet, DVB (MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4 and MPEG7), ATM, Packet over SDH/SONET transmissions, other MSR, RPR for adapting IP and various tributaries (Ethernet,) directly to SDH/SONET or simplified SDH/SONET, or Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, or other physical layer devices.

Since it is difficult to transmit optical signal over multiple channels with an improved received signal quality, better system margins, and reduced system outages, a method for transmitting optical signal over multiple channels according to an exemplary aspect of the invention includes: (a) firstly rearranging a plurality of tributaries of data to be transmitted in order to scramble the data among the plurality of tributaries; (b) transmitting optical signals modulated with rearranged data generated in step (a) over the multiple channels; (c) receiving the optical signals through the multiple channels; (d) demodulating the optical signals into a plurality of tributaries of the rearranged data; (e) secondly rearranging the plurality of tributaries of the rearranged data in order to recover the plurality of tributaries of data before step (a); and wherein, the number of tributaries of the rearranged data is equal to or more than two and is less than or equal to the number of the multiple channels.

The embodiments of the present invention disclose method and apparatus for mapping and de-mapping in an optical transport network, where the mapping method includes: constructing an Optical Channel Data Tributary Unit (ODTU) according to an amount M of time slots of a High Order Optical Channel Payload Unit (HO OPU) to be occupied by a Low Order Optical Channel Data Unit (LO ODU); mapping the LO ODU to a payload area of the ODTU in a M-byte granularity; encapsulating overhead information to the payload area of the ODTU; and multiplexing the ODTU, which has been mapped the LO ODU and encapsulated with the overhead information, to the HO OPU, so as to provide a high-efficient and universal mode for mapping the LO ODU to the HO OPU.

A high data rate optical signal is inverse multiplexed into a multitude of lower-rate tributaries, each of which is coded by its unique OCDM code, and the combined coded tributaries are injected into a common phase scrambler. Coherent summation of these optically encoded tributaries pass through a shared phase or phase and frequency scrambler before exiting the secure location. The setting of the scrambler acts as the key. The authorized recipient with the correct key retrieves the ones and zeros of the several decoded signals.

A timeshared data tributary mapping system and method are provided for mapping information into Synchronous Payload Envelopes (SPEs). The method buffers data from a plurality of tributaries and stores current buffer-fill information at a rate of about one tributary per Fsys clock cycle. An accumulation of buffer-fill information for the plurality of tributaries is updated with current buffer-fill information every Fsys clock cycle. The accumulation of buffer-fill information for the plurality of tributaries is sampled at a sample rate frequency (Fsample), where Fsample<Fsys. The sampled buffer-fill information is used to calculate a data rate control word for each of the plurality of tributaries, and stuff bit opportunities are serially calculated responsive to the control word. The rate of data being mapped into outgoing tributaries is regulated, and the outgoing mapped tributaries are combined in a SPE.

The invention discloses an ecological comprehensive treatment system of a northern mountain river channel. The system comprises three sub ecological systems of an ecological permeable dike built on the upstream of a main stream and a branch stream of a mountain river, a reservoir pond arranged at the middle and downstream area of the mountain river and a wet land communicated with the reservoir pond, and adopts an ecological treatment mode of closure-storage-preservation. The construction method comprises the steps of: a) building of the ecological permeable dike; b) setting of a triangular pyramidal wood pile stone cage; c) building of the reservoir pond; d) planting of plants of the reservoir pond; e) building of a wet land system; and f) recovery of a river bank band. The system and the construction method can effectively intercept the mountain debris flow and the river non-point source pollution, adjust the river runoff, improve the hydrologic conditions of the mountain river in non-flood season, decrease the dry season of the mountain river, and facilitate to recover the ecological system of the mountain river. Meanwhile, traditional depressions and empty ponds in the mountain river can be used in construction, so that the engineering building cost is reduced, and the self-cleaning capacity of river water is improved.

A semi-transparent time division multiplexer/demultiplexer that transmits low rate tributaries from one location to another using a high rate aggregate connection, while preserving substantially all of the TOH and payload for each tributary signal. Transparency of the tributary TOH is accomplished by interleaving both the TOH and the Payload of each tributary into the high rate aggregate signal. Some TOH bytes may be tunneled or re-mapped into unused/undefined TOH locations in the aggregate signal to allow transparency of the TOH without corrupting the aggregate. Errors may be handled by tunneling BIP bytes into unused/undefined aggregate locations and updating the tunneled bytes with error masks calculated at each network elements. Alternatively errors may be forwarded by using an error mask generated from the tributary BIP locations and inserting the mask into the associated aggregate BIP locations. The mask in the aggregate BIP is updated with error masks calculated at each network elements. Re-timing of TOH to a synchronized clock in the tributary framer circuits can be accomplished using controlled slips of overhead frames, whereby an entire frame is dropped or added depending on the relationship of the received clock and the synchronized clock. DCC bytes may be re-timed by adding or deleting flag bytes occurring between respective DCC packets. Re-timing of the aggregate TOH to a transmit clock may be accomplished in a similar manner.

A synchronizer/de-synchronizer maps continuous format signals of an arbitrary rate into frames of pre-selected single common rate, such as SONET frames, with no bits changed and very little jitter or wander added. In this way, the continuous format signal may be carried transparently as a tributary of a SONET network. Each frame comprises a definite number of fixed stuff bits, including transport overhead bits and reminder fixed stuff bits. A frame also comprises an adjustable number of adaptive stuff bits, resulting from the phase difference between the arbitrary rate and the common rate. A mapping function is performed in a tributary unit shelf of a SONET transport shelf, and the reverse mapping function is performed in a similar way at the far end of a SON ET connection. The stuff bits are spread uniformly within the frame.

Data is transmitted across an optical fiber communications system by splitting an incoming tributary into multiple low-speed data channels, modulating each of these into a stream of symbols (e.g., by using QAM modulation) and then frequency division multiplexing a number of symbol streams into a single high-speed channel to be transmitted across a fiber. The receiver reverses this process. In order to preserve the jitter tolerance for the overal system, reference clocks are used to remove unwanted jitter in the timing of the system.

The invention relates to a mine monitoring technology, in particular to an underground mine data acquisition system based on an improved CAN bus. A data acquisition tributary station of the invention is connected with a general control center by adopting TCP/IP communication and connected with an underground monitoring module by a CAN interface. The invention has the advantages that the CAN field bus technology is adopted by the invention so as to ensure that a coal mine monitoring system becomes open. The data acquisition tributary station and a monitoring center are communicated by TCP while the data acquisition tributary station is communicated with the underground monitoring module by CAN. An address arbitration mechanism of the CAN bus solves the problem of bus transmission confliction in each station. The underground mine data acquisition system has simple structure, simple and convenient operation, complete data acquisition as well as fast and accurate data transmission and resolution and is applicable to the coal mine monitoring system.

System and methods are provided, in an Optical Transport Network (OTN), for communicating asynchronous Tributary Slots (TSs) via a synchronous Optical Payload Transport Unit of level k (OTUk) interface. The transmission method accepts a plurality of TSs at a corresponding plurality of asynchronous data rates. The TSs are mapped, using a tangible memory medium, into pseudo-Optical channel Data Tributary Unit (ODTU) frames synchronized to a common clock. Then, the synchronized pseudo-ODTU frames can be interleaved into an OTUk frame, without the need of a phase-locked loop (PLL) or buffering.

The invention discloses a reservoir water temperature change rule prototype observation method. The reservoir water temperature change rule prototype observation method is characterized by comprising a time point distribution method of reservoir water temperature change rule prototype observation and a space point distribution method of reservoir water temperature change rule prototype observation. According to method, the long-serial and large-scale prototype observation of the reservoir water temperature change rule is considered, and the synchronous link of water temperature observation periods of different hydrological, ecological and meteorological processes of a reservoir, and effective coverage of longitudinal and vertical water temperature prototype observation point location of water temperature characteristic changes of a mainstream and tributaries of the reservoir are achieved. The systematicness, representativeness and reliability of a water temperature prototype observation result are guaranteed. The reservoir water temperature change rule prototype observation method has important significance on improving the technical level and result quality of the national water temperature prototype observation work, overcoming the defects of the prior art, further improving the working levels of the national reservoir water temperature change mathematical model research, the empirical formula improvement and the computing software development research thereof and promoting the technological development of the industry.

A device is disclosed to remove veins from the body. These can be unwanted varicose veins or healthy veins of the arms and legs used for bypasses or fistula formation. This device has a handle for the purpose of rotation and advancement of the instrument. This handle is attached to an elongated semi rigid shaft of various lengths. At the remote end of this shaft is the tip of the instrument comprised of a cylindrical shape device with an outward angle of various degrees. This tip is advanced with rotational move around the vein to separate the vein from surrounding tissue and also to cut the tributaries without damaging the wall of the vein. The shaft can be hollow to allow insertion of a long needle for the purpose of injection and local anesthesia.

The invention relates to a multilayer vegetation zone water quality in situ purification method for a highly polluted tributary inlet, which is characterized in that reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 6 and steel wires are manufactured into gabion frames with the diameter of about 1m; one end of each gabion frame is sealed; the other end of each gabion frame is movable; rock blocks, gravels and soil are added to the gabion frames; emergent aquatic plant root systems such as reeds, acorus calamus and the like are planted in soil; and each movable end is sealed and is manufactured into a gabion body with the length which is determined according to the river width of the tributary inlet to be purified. A plurality of gabion bodies are combined by timber piles and fixed at the tributary inlet to be repaired; ripraps are used for side pressing; submerged plants such as tape grasses, waterweeds an the like are planted between two gabion bodies so as to form a multilayer vegetation zone water quality in situ purification system which takes the plurality of gabion bodies and emergent aquatic plants on the gabion bodies as the main parts and is assisted by the submerge plants among the gabions. The method has the advantages of gradually purifying water body of the highly polluted tributary inlet under of physical chemistry and biological functions including matrix interception, micro-biological degradation, plant system absorption, root system adsorption and the like and improving water environments of the tributary inlet so as to provide effective guarantee for the quality of water flowing into a main stream.

The invention discloses a massive-grid coding method of large-scale calculation of a basin. large-scale complex river channel mainstreams/tributaries and river channel courses of the basin are distinguished through grid coding, then unified numbering is carried out according to spatial topological relationships of grids, and realization of completing drawing of the massive grids at once in cases where existing grid drawing technology methods are limited by computer hardware memory is facilitated. According to the method, simple and highly efficient coding of the large-scale massive grids is realized, and technical support is provided for large-scale massive-grid drawing based on regular grids.

The invention relates to a test device and a test method of the occurrence and movement rule of temperature difference flow backward density current. A transparent glass straightway rectangular section adverse grade open channel trough is mainly constructed, and corresponding cold and hot water preparation systems and a water inlet power device are matched. A current meter and a temperature recorder are erected on an observation section of the test trough, and a video camera is helps to capture in a movement manner and is combined with a camera on a fixed position to form an observing system to monitor the submerging point and head part of flow backward density current, the hydraulics in the moving process and the temperature parameter. By adopting the device and the method, the shortage in the outdoor monitoring timeliness and synchronism can be overcome, background understanding and data support can be supplied for further numerical simulation analysis, and the support is supplied for deepening the understanding of the flow backward density current of a tributary reservoir and the water bloom mechanism based on the water dynamic property and changing the water power condition of a tributary through ecological scheduling of the reservoir to improve the quality of water in the reservoir and avoid water bloom.

A wireless communication apparatus operates as a tributary. station in a wireless communication system including a control station and the tributary station that perform a time division multiplex communication. The wireless communication apparatus includes a wireless unit that performs a wireless communication with the control station; an event processing unit that notifies of an event occurrence based on an occurrence of an event; and a control unit that controls a communication in synchronization with the control station by detecting a control signal from the control station. When received a notification of the event occurrence, the control unit starts a search operation to acquire the control signal transmitted by the control station. When received the control signal, the control unit transmits a message according to the event occurrence using a slot that has a predetermined position relationship with the slot in which the control signal is received.

The invention provides an intelligent management system and method of drainage basin water environment pollution. The system comprises a water quality monitoring module, a pollution early warning module, a pollution tracing module and an effect evaluation module. The method comprises the following steps: monitoring and acquiring water quality data of a riverway, a tributary and a drainage outlet;acquiring water quality information of the riverway, the tributary and the drainage outlet, carrying out comparison on the water quality information and then performing the corresponding early warningoperation according to a comparison result; acquiring water quality information of the riverway, the tributary and the drainage outlet, processing the water quality information of the riverway, the tributary and the drainage outlet, and checking drainage outlet traceability of the riverway and the tributary; and carrying out water quality evaluation on the polluted riverway, tributary and drainage outlet after treatment. According to the invention, with adding of the pollution early warning module, the pollution tracing module and the effect evaluation module, intelligent checking of the pollution traceability is realized; the checking error rate of the pollution sources is reduced; and the sewage treatment effect is improved. Moreover, checking and evaluation are performed effectively after post-stage treatment, so that the whole sewage management effect is good and the whole water environment pollution intelligent system is perfected.