The invention relates to a shield muck zero-discharge treatment system and method. The system comprises a vibration screening machine, a spiral sand washing machine, a rough sand belt conveyor, a cyclone separator, a fine sand recycling machine, a fine sand belt conveyor, a clean water spraying device, a clean water conveying device, a flocculation purifying tank, an automatic chemical feeding device and a pressure filter. The lower portion of the vibration screening machine is provided with a hopper, a discharging opening of the hopper is connected with a first pipeline, a sand washing grooveof the spiral sand washing machine is formed below the first pipeline, an overflow pipeline connected with a sewage pond is arranged, a feeding opening of the rough sand belt conveyor is located below a discharging opening of the spiral sand washing machine, a feeding opening of the cyclone separator communicates with the sewage pond, the fine sand recycling machine is located below a bottom flowopening of the cyclone separator, a feeding opening of the fine sand belt conveyor is located below a discharging opening of the fine sand recycling machine, a water outlet of the clean water spraying device is arranged above the vibration screening machine, an water outlet of the clean water conveying device is arranged above the sand washing groove, the flocculation purification tank communicates with the cyclone separator, and the automatic chemical feeding device and the pressure filter communicate with the flocculation purification tank. Shield muck is subjected to site treatment, shieldmuck is separated into stone and sand to be recycled, and the sewage zero discharge is achieved.