The invention discloses a distillation dehydration device and a distillation dehydration process for co-producing ethanol fuels and custom grade edible alcohols. The device comprises a molecular sieve adsorption/desorption tower, a coarse fractionating tower, an assembled tower, a rectifying tower, a methanol tower and mash pre-heaters, wherein the wine steam of the assembled tower, after compressed by an ethanol steam compressor, is used as the heat sources and raw material wine steams of the coarse fractionating tower and the methanol tower; the wine steam of the rectifying tower is used asthe heat source of the assembled tower; and the wine steam of the coarse fractionating tower, the anhydrous alcohol steam and the wine steam of the methanol tower are respectively used as the heat sources of the first, second and third mash pre-heaters. The device can simultaneously produce ethanol fuels and custom gradeedible alcohols, and can separately produce ethanol fuels or custom grade edible alcohols. The device and the process of the invention have the advantages that, because a multi-effect energy coupling mode is adopted, compared with an original process, the energy consumption ofthe process of the invention is greatly reduced, and the steam consumption of the ethanol fuel per metric ton is reduced to 1.1 to 1.5 t/t, compared with the steam consumption of 1.5 to 2.0 t/t in the original process, the steam consumption is down by 25 to 35 percent without consuming high-grade steams (more than 0.7 MPag); and the steam consumption of the custom grade edible alcohol per metric ton is reduced to 1.2 to 1.4 t/t, compared with the steam consumption of 1.9 to 2.5 t/t in the original process, the steam consumption is down by 35 to 50 percent.