620 results about "Metal pollution" patented technology

The invention discloses a composite heavy metal polluted soil conditioner as well as application and an application method thereof. The soil conditioner comprises the following components: plant ash, calcium magnesium phosphate, quicklime, zeolite and organic fertilizers at a weight ratio of (0.3-1.1):(0.1-1.2):(0.4-2.1):(0.1-0.6):(0.008-0.06):(0.4-1.2). Through inorganic components such as quicklime, calcium magnesium phosphate and phosphate in hydroxyapatite as well as potassium carbonate in the plant ash, the soil conditioner can be used for fixing heavy metals in polluted soil and improving the fertility of the polluted soil in combination with organic manures such as the plant ash and the organic fertilizers so as to continuously intensify the restoration of the polluted soil, has the advantages of relatively-high stability, good environmental friendliness and low cost, can be used for inactivating and restoring various heavy metal polluted soil, especially has a good restoration effect on soil pollution caused by waste slag discharged by industrial and mining enterprises, can be used for realizing the treatment goal without generating secondary pollution, and is liable to realize large-area popularization.

The invention provides a nanometer zero-valent iron-biochar composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the invention, a carrier is a series of biochar with different cracking temperatures; the biochar is cheap and easily-available, has large specific surface area and contains a plurality of mineral components; nanometer zero-valent iron particles carried bythe carrier have strong activity; thus, the nanometer zero-valent iron particles have high activity; and the nanometer zero-valent iron-biochar composite material prepared from the carrier has high activity, and has the advantages of stable properties and low price at the same time. Screening of the series of different cracking temperatures shows that the composite material formed by the biochar generated by cracking of straw at medium and high temperatures and the nanometer zero-valent iron has strong removal effect on heavy metals. Meanwhile, the nanometer zero-valent iron-biochar compositematerial provided by the invention has excellent adsorption performance of the biochar and strong reduction capacity of the nanometer iron, and can provide theoretical basis and technical support forprevention, control and remediation of heavy metal pollution to groundwater.

The invention relates to a heavy metal polluted crystallization encapsulated stabilizing agent and its application method, which is characterized in that the stabilizing agent comprises the following components by mass ratio: 15-25% of phosphate or sulfate, 1%-5% of heavy metal chelating agent, 20-40% of cementitious material, 30-60% of clay minerals, and the components for the sum is 100%. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of simple technical scheme, good effect, low cost and easy operation of implementation method, the leached toxicity of heavy metal in soil can reach the national standards after implementing the scheme, and the processed soil enables resource recycling. According to the invention, a pre-determination and pretreatment mode is used to reach the excellent stable effect on a plurality of heavy metal pollution.

The invention belongs to the field of water treatment material preparation and in particular relates to a preparation method and application of a silane coupling agent modified magnetic halloysite material. The method is characterized by taking halloysite as a template and adhering Fe3O4 particles to the surface of a halloysite nanotube by an in-situ synthesis method; mixing a silane coupling agent with halloysite/Fe3O4 and grafting the silane coupling agent onto the surface of halloysite through reaction. The method has the beneficial effects that the raw materials are cheap and accessible; a functional group on the surface of the silane coupling agent modified magnetic halloysite material obtained by the method is bonded with a matrix via chemical bonds, so the material has strong bonding force; the material has high thermal stability, is convenient and fast to separate and recover, can be recycled multiple times, can serve as an adsorbent for eliminating heavy metal pollution of printing and dyeing wastewater and enables that the treated printing and dyeing wastewater can reach the national wastewater discharge standards.

Provided is a heavy metal pollution soil repairing agent using excess activated sludge as the rawmaterial, a method of extraction and a method for repairing the heavy metal pollution soil, which relates to a heavy metal pollution soil repairing agent and a method thereof and a method for repairing the heavy metal pollution soil, and solves the problems of high cost, easily secondary pollution and complex operation existing in the repair of the heavy metal pollution soil. The heavy metal pollution soil repairing agent is composed of amylose, protein, nucleic acid, phosphoric acid, amino acid, humic acid compound, uronic acid and the organic substance required for cell lifecycle. The method for distilling the heavy metal pollution soil repairing agent is as follows: the wastewater treatment excess activated sludge reacts under the condition of 80-120 KPa and 60-100 DEG for 8-20 minutes; then centrifuges for 8-20 min at the rotating speed of 5000-7000r/min. The invention adopts the home position repairing or the heterotopia repairing to repair the heavy metal pollution. The invention has low cost and no secondary pollution, simple operation, short repairing period, strong activity and wide range of application.

The invention relates to the field of soil remediation, particularly to a composite conditioner for remediation of farmland heavy metal contaminated soil and a preparation method thereof. The composite conditioner comprises the following substances in parts by mass: 40 to 55 parts of modified biological carbon, 15 to 25 parts of poultry manure, 15 to 25 parts of modified clay, 5 to 8 parts of phosphate and 5 to 12 parts of quick lime. Through combined utilization of organic modified substances, inorganic modified substances and other effective components, the composite conditioner achieves the good effect of multi-action synergetic remediation, and has the characteristics that the cost is low, the effect is good, the stability is high, the soil cultivability can be improved, and increase of crop yield and income is facilitated.

The invention discloses a method for planting ramie in middle-level heavy metal contaminated soils. The method comprises the following steps: A, selecting a specific variety of ramie with high resistance against heavy metal contamination and cultivating strong ramie seedlings by using a young shoot cottage propagation technique; B, constructing a ramie garden and applying a passivator to reduce the activity of heavy metal in soils; C, transplanting in right time and carrying out rational close planting; D, scientifically carrying out cross dressing and cracking stems in right time; and E, preventing and controlling insect disease prevention in time and strengthening winter cultivation management of the garden. Practical results show that the yields of the newly planted ramie garden in the current year and the next year are respectively 75.1-78.4kg/mu and 88.8-91.7kg/mu which are the same as or even higher than those of the newly planted ramie garden with clean soils at the same term; moreover, the heavy metal content of raw ramie can be controlled in a range specified in related standard, and the safe and efficient agricultural utilization of middle-level heavy metal contaminated soils is realized. The method is simple and convenient in technique and easy to implement; moreover, the effect of the method is even higher if applied to the mild heavy metal contaminated soils. The method has a broad application prospect in mass areas with heavy metal contaminated soils.

An underground water heavy metal pollution remediation device mainly includes a pumping system, a water distribution system, an adsorption reaction zone, a phytoremediation zone, a rapid seepage zone and a monitoring system. The adsorption reaction zone is filled with a medium for the adsorption of heavy metals in order to remove the heavy metals in the underground water. The phytoremediation zone is planted with hyperaccumulator with absorption and enrichment effects on heavy metals, so as to enhance the removal effect of heavy metals. The technique organically combines physical adsorption, chemical adsorption and phytoremediation, and can remediate heavy metals pollution of As, Zn, Cd, Mn, Cu, Cr and Pb and reach good removal effect; replacement of the adsorption reaction medium filler is simple; and the device has low operation cost, and is applicable to groundwater pollution sites in different water depths.

The invention discloses an in-situ remediation method for mining area watershed heavy metal pollution bottom sludge.The method includes the following steps that a slope wall is arranged; a bank side riverbed slope is leveled, and a layer of geotextile is laid on the bank side riverbed slope; the mining area watershed heavy metal pollution bottom sludge is obtained to be stirred and mixed with a heavy metal pollution restoration agent, and the mixture is laid on the geotextile and stabilized for a certain period of time to form a restoration bottom sludge layer; plants are planted on the restoration bottom sludge layer.By means of the method, on one hand, the problem of riverway pollution bottom sludge accumulation can be solved, and on the other hand, the problem of bottom sludge heavy metal pollution is effectively solved due to addition of a bottom sludge matrix restoration agent and combined planting of riverway plants.Besides, riverway landscape is attractive, and water quality is continuously and effectively improved.Plant intercropping is beneficial to restoration of bottom sludge polluted by heavy metal and stabilization of the slope, and soil and water loss is prevented.

The invention provides a method collaboratively repairing soil heavy metal pollution by microorganisms, plants and biological carbon. The method specifically comprises: 1), adding a magnetotactic bacterium culture medium into heavy metal polluted soil, inoculating magnetotactic bacteria, and plowing; 2), irrigating the heavy metal polluted soil, and setting a magnetic field; 3), collecting the surface layer of the heavy metal polluted soil, and rinsing the collected heavy metal polluted soil with water; 4), planting grass family plants in the heavy metal polluted soil; 5), pulling out young ears; 6), removing the grass family plants; 7), after preparing a biological carbon mixture through processing the removed grass family plants, applying the biological carbon mixture into the heavy metal polluted soil in which the grass family plants are planted, uniformly mixing, and aging; and 8), cyclically repeating the above steps until the content of heavy metal in the soil reaches safety standards. The method is great in soil treatment effect, low in cost and high in practicability, and is safe and reliable.

A method for crystallizing an amorphous semiconductor thin film using a non-metal seed epitaxial growth (NSEG) is provided. The method includes the steps of: forming a pair of non-metal seeds for inducing a crystallization of an amorphous semiconductor thin film at a predetermined distance on a transparent insulation substrate; depositing the amorphous semiconductor thin film on the insulation substrate; and heat-treating the insulation substrate to thereby epitaxially grow a poly-crystalline semiconductor thin film from the non-metal seeds, and to thus crystallize the amorphous semiconductor thin film. In the crystallization method, non-metal seeds are used instead of using crystallization induced metal to thereby epitaxially grow the poly-crystalline semiconductor thin film and to thus realize the amorphous semiconductor thin film without having metal pollution.

The invention relates to a direct current gas insulation electrical equipment partial discharge decomposition simulation experiment apparatus and belongs to the technical field of direct current gas insulation electrical equipment insulation state on-line monitoring. The direct current gas insulation electrical equipment partial discharge decomposition simulation experiment apparatus comprises a direct current power supply system, a gas discharge enclosed air chamber, a detection system and a typical insulation defect physical model, wherein the direct current power supply system comprises a voltage regulation console, a test transformer, a protection resistor, a capacitive voltage divider and a high voltage rectification silicon stack lamp; the detection system comprises a pulse current detection system and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection system; and the typical insulation defect physical model comprises a metal protrusion insulation defect model, a free metal particle insulation defect model, an insulator metal pollution insulation defect model, an insulator air gap insulation defect model and the like. The invention can effectively simulate a typical insulation PD fault and the decomposition process of SF6 under the action of a typical insulation defect PD in direct current gas insulation electrical equipment, thereby providing a solid basis for a system to research direct current PD characteristics, SF6 direct current PD decomposition characteristics and decomposition theories. The invention can be widely used for simulating direct current gas insulation electrical equipment partial discharge.

Provided is a charged particle beam processing apparatus capable of improving yields by suppressing the spread of metal pollution to a semiconductor manufacturing process to a minimum. The charged particle beam processing apparatus includes an ion beam column 1 that is connected to a vacuum vessel 10 and irradiates a sample 35 with an ion beam 11 of nonmetal ion species, a microsampling unit 3 having a probe 16 that extracts a microsample 43 cut out from a sample 35 by the ion beam 11, a gas gun 2 that discharges a gas for bonding the microsample 43 and the probe 16, a pollution measuring beam column 6A that is connected to the same vacuum vessel 10 to which the ion beam column 1 is connected and irradiates an ion beam irradiation traces by the ion beam column 1 with a pollution measuring beam 13, and a detector 7 that detects characteristic X-rays emitted from the ion beam irradiation traces by the ion beam column 1 upon irradiation with the pollution measuring beam 13.

The invention relates to a treatment device for heavy metal polluted soil. The treatment device comprises a machine frame, a feeding hopper, crushing rollers, a ball grinder, a separation screen, a first-stage water washing pool, a linear vibration screen, a slurry buffering pool, a slurry pump, a centrifugal machine, a deep elution pool, a belt filter press and a second-stage water washing pool. The polluted soil is remedied through mechanical grinding, first-stage water washing, first-stage solid-liquid separation, deep elution, second-stage water washing and second-stage solid-liquid separation. The process is advanced, the treatment effect is good, the work efficiency is high, and the automation degree is high.

The invention relates to the technical field of printed circuit board solderability preservation, in particular to an organic solderability preservative preimpregnation finishing agent and an organic solderability preservative forming method. The adopted organic solderability preservative preimpregnation finishing agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05 to 6.0 percent of nanometer accelerating agent, 0.01 to 2.0 percent of quinoxaline compound, 0.05 to 2.0 percent of inorganic base, 0.001 to 15.0 percent of ammonia or amine buffering agent, 0.001 to 0.5 percent of metallic salts, and 0.01 to 5.0 percent of halide. The invention firstly forms a nano material active layer on the copper face, and can increase the thickness of the organic solderability preservative by more than 20 percent in the same reaction time, reduce metal pollution speed of tank liquor, double the service life of the tank liquor, prevent galvanic effect, ensure good appearance of a printed circuit board, reduce the thickness of intermetallic compounds (IMC) after soldering, and guarantee the shear strength of welding joints and reliability of welding spots.

The invention discloses a soil conditioner for heavy metal pollution and a preparation method thereof. The soil conditioner is composed of modified zeolite powder, silicate, biochar, sepiolite ore powder, organic fertilizer and heavy metal adsorbent. The weight parts of the modified zeolite powder, silicate, biochar, sepiolite ore powder, organic fertilizer and heavy metal adsorbent are as follows: 3 to 7 parts of modified zeolite powder, 15 to 45 parts of silicate, 1 to 5 parts of biochar, 20 to 40 parts of sepiolite ore powder, 2 to 8 parts of organic fertilizer and 0.5 to 3 parts of heavy metal adsorbent. The soil conditioner can effectively reduce the heavy metal activity of the acid heavy metal polluted soil, has low cost, is easy to implement, and is green and environment-friendly.

The invention belongs to the technical field of water treatment and particularly relates to an emergency water treatment process and movable emergency water treatment equipment. The emergency water treatment process comprises the following processing steps: polluted water source water feeding; electroflotation treatment; Fenton reaction; Fe0 reaction; neutralization and flocculation; microfiltration membrane treatment; ultraviolet light reaction; ozone and activated carbon treatment; adsorption; and water discharging. The process provided by the invention can be used for rapidly treating polluted water sources polluted by organic compounds, inorganic compounds, heavy metals and biotoxicity, so that the treated effluent can be up to the wastewater discharging, recycling or drinking water standard. The movable emergency water treatment equipment provided by the invention is integrated, automated, assembled and movable equipment, can be rapidly moved to the field when a sudden event happens, can operate after being electrified and rapidly treating the polluted water sources without adding various chemical raw materials and has the three functions of simplicity and rapidness, emergency as well as upgrade and transformation.

The water body metal pollution laser optical spectral penetration uses short pulse laser accumulation to generate high temperature ion on the water surface, excited atom, icon and molecule emitting lines of generated element component feature, through plasma spectrochemistry of the water sample to make strength analysis of the particular element line to decide the element content. The laser coupled to the emitting optical fiber through coupling lens, which receives the laser plasma signal, which is transmitted to optical spectrometer for light splitting, making photoelectric signal conversion by the CCD detector, coming into data collection and settlement system for treatment. It can be used for timely monitoring of poisonous metals.

The invention discloses a targeted stabilizer for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical fields of governing and repairing of heavy metal contaminated soil. The stabilizer is prepared from bentonite and struvite as main materials assisted by heavy metal chelate, and an organic binder as a skeleton. The targeted stabilizer comprises the following dry substances by weight percent: 20-40% of bentonite, 30-50% of struvite, 5-20% of heavy metal chelate and 5-10% of binder. The preparation technology of the targeted stabilizer comprises the steps of mixing, reacting, baking, crushing and calcining. By adopting the targeted stabilizer and the preparation method thereof, the pollution problem of the heavy metal contaminated soil can be effectively solved, the targeted stabilizer has the characteristics of being wide in material source, low in price, low in cost, high in remediation efficiency, free of secondary pollution, simple in operation method and the like.

The invention discloses a micro-ecological restoration method for farmland heavy metal pollution and belongs to the technical field of soil heavy metal pollution farmland control. The method comprises the following steps that (1) before crops are planted, charcoal dust and micro-biological mixed bacterium liquid are applied into soil along with plowing of the soil; and (2) in the mid-term of plant growth, micro-biological mixed bacterium liquid and micro-biological mixed culture media are applied into the earth surface through a spraying mode. The micro-ecological restoration method for farmland heavy metal pollution is conducted along with farm operation, and the effect is good, large-scale utilization can be achieved; particularly, most of used micro-biological composite bacterial agents are active bacteria, reproduction can be conducted in the soil environment, and heavy metal can be continuously subjected to adsorption and complexation; the used charcoal dust, micro-biological mixed bacterium liquid and the like are all biological materials so that the materials can be completely degraded into organic materials and absorbed by plants, and the soil is protected against secondary pollution; and therefore, at present, the method has specially obvious advantages.

The invention provides a method for preparing low-carbon olefin and arene by catalytic cracking of raw oil. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) after desalting and dewatering, the raw oil enters a heating furnace for heating, then enters a distilling tower to be divided into light components and heavy components, and the cutting point is between 150 DEG C and 300 DEGC; 2) the light components coming from the tower top and the heavy components coming from the tower bottom carry out reaction at different reaction zones of a same reactor; the light components, namely lightweight fed materials, are firstly contacted and react with a high-temperature regeneration catalyst, and then the heavy components, namely heavyweight fed materials are contacted and react withthe catalyst. Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing the low-carbon olefin and arene by catalytic cracking of the raw oil, provided by the invention, has the following advantages: 1) the adaptability of the raw materials is strong; 2) the metal-pollution resistance of the catalyst is strong, and hydrothermal deactivation can not occur, so that the preparation consumption is low; 3)compared with steam cracking, the energy consumption is low; 4) the single-pass conversion ratio is high and the olefin selectivity is high.

The invention relates to a farmland heavy metal pollution risk multi-index assessment method comprising the following steps: taking the soil heavy metal pollution degrees, the soil heavy metal pollution accumulation trend and crops heavy metal pollution degrees as assessment indexes. On the basis of an existing farmland heavy metal pollution risk assessment method, the farmland heavy metal pollution risk multi-index assessment method fully considers soil, plants and accumulation trend, and environment influences, thus improving the farmland heavy metal pollution risk assessment accuracy and scientific property in certain level, and providing true guiding effects on farmland heavy metal pollution early warning and restoration.