654 results about "Natural abundance" patented technology

Disclosed are methods for identifying nucleic acid sequences which are of different abundances in different nucleic acid source populations, e.g. differentially expressed genes or genomic variations among individuals or populations of individuals. In one embodiment, probes derived from the source nucleic acid populations are derivatized with a terminal sample ID (SID) sequence characteristic of that population. Upon competitive hybridization of the probes to a reference or index nucleic acid library containing all the sequences in the populations being compared, the SID tags remain single stranded, and those from the different sources are then annealed to one another. Unhybridized (remainder) SID sequences are then quantified. By labeling such remainder SID sequences with a fluorescent dye, FACS sorting of beads containing the hybridized probes can be carried out. The signal ratio upon which such sorting is based is enhanced compared to competitive hybridization using labeled probes without SID sequences.

The invention disclosed herein provides fluorescence based methods for the determination of polyhydroxylated analyte concentrations as well as optical polyhydroxylate analyte sensors and sensor systems. In particular, the invention provides methods of quantifying the abundances or concentrations of polyhydroxylate analyte by measuring changes in the fluorescence lifetimes. The methods of the invention are based on the observation that fluorescent sensor molecules capable of binding a polyhydroxylated analyte such as glucose have distinct fluorescent lifetimes depending upon whether they are in a form that is either bound to analyte or a form that is not bound to the analyte. The distinct and measurable differences in the fluorescence lifetimes of the different fluorescent sensor species can be used to determine the relative abundance of the bound and unbound fluorescent sensor species, a parameter which can then be correlated to the concentration of the analyte.

Capture particles for harvesting analytes from solution and methods for using them are described. The capture particles are made up of a polymeric matrix having pore size that allows for the analytes to enter the capture particles. The pore size of the capture particles may be changeable upon application of a stimulus to the particles, allowing the pore size of the particles to be changed so that analytes of interest remain sequestered inside the particles. The polymeric matrix of the capture particles may be made of co-polymeric materials having a structural monomer and an affinity monomer, the affinity monomer having properties that attract the analyte to the capture particle. The capture particles may be used to isolate and identify analytes present in a mixture. They may also be used to protect analytes which are typically subject to degradation upon harvesting and to concentrate low an analyte in low abundance in a fluid.

The present invention provides a method for identifying one or more low abundance sequences differing by one or more single-base changes, insertions, or deletions, from a high abundance sequence in a plurality of target nucleotide sequences. The high abundance wild-type sequence is selectively removed using high fidelity polymerase chain reaction analog conversion, facilitated by optimal buffer conditions, to create a restriction endonuclease site in the high abundance wild-type gene, but not in the low abundance mutant gene. This allows for digestion of the high abundance DNA. Subsequently the low abundant mutant DNA is amplified and detected by the ligase detection reaction assay. The present invention also relates to a kit for carrying out this procedure.

A system and method for simultaneous, quantitative measurement of nucleic acids in a sample. Fluorescently tagged amplicons of the target nucleic acids are localized on a substrate surface by hybridization to oligopobes that have been arrayed and tethered to the substrate surface in a pre-determined, two-dimensional pattern. The hybridized, amplicons are then detected by exciting their fluorescent tags using an evanescent wave of light of the appropriate wave-length. Because of the limited penetration of the evanescent wave (about 100-300 nm), the fluorescently tagged nucleotides in the remainder of the reaction cell do not fluoresce. By measuring the fluorescence at various locations on the substrate surface, the current abundance of hybridized amplicons of each of the target nucleic acids can be determined. The analytic techniques of real time PCR may then be used to obtain accurate, quantitative measurements for each of the nucleic acids in the sample.

The invention provides a method for analyzing remaining oil distribution of a fractured-vuggy reservoir, belonging to the fields of numerical reservoir simulation and oil-gas field development. In the method, a complex medium consisting of a cave medium, a crack medium and a pore medium is partitioned into a plurality of space unit blocks in a space field; each block consists of V, F and M units which represent a cave, a crack and a substrate in the block respectively and constitute a V-F-M model; the flow of a multi-phase fluid in the complex medium is described by the motion of a fluid among the units in each block and the motion of a fluid among the units of different blocks; and the flow of the fluid among the units can be considered as infiltration flow, pipe flow or laminar flow between parallel walls, Darcy flow or non-Darcy flow. According to the method, scientific description and accurate numerical simulation of the fractured-vuggy reservoir are realized, and technical foundations are laid for the alignment of the remaining oil distribution position of the fractured-vuggy reservoir with a numerical simulation technology, quantitative determination of the reserves abundance of the reservoir, scientific and reasonable development of oil fields provided with the reservoir and final increase in the recovery ratio.

A method and system for quantifying the relative abundance of gene transcripts in a biological sample. One embodiment of the method generates high-throughput sequence-specific analysis of multiple RNAs or their corresponding cDNAs (gene transcript imaging analysis). Another embodiment of the method produces a gene transcript imaging analysis by the use of high-throughput CDNA sequence analysis. In addition, the gene transcript imaging can be used to detect or diagnose a particular biological state, disease, or condition which is correlated to the relative abundance of gene transcripts in a given cell or population of cells. The invention provides a method for comparing the gene transcript image analysis from two or more different biological samples in order to distinguish between the two samples and identify one or more genes which are differentially expressed between the two samples.

The invention discloses a Cu-Zn-Sn-S compound semiconductor-film solar battery and a preparation method. The battery comprises a glass substrate, wherein a metal back electrode layer, a P-type Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) absorption layer, an n-type CdS buffer layer and a transparent conducting oxide film window layer are sequentially deposited on the glass substrate. The method comprises special aftertreatment for the P-type Cu2ZnSnS4 absorption layer. The preparation method has the advantage of substituting CZTS for CIGS as the novel material of the absorption layer of the film solar battery. As the abundance of Zn and Sn in the CZTS in earth crust is 75 ppm and 2.2 ppm respectively, the solar battery has the advantages of rich resources, no toxic components and environmental friendliness, thereby becoming the novel film solar battery with the highest development potential, low cost and no pollution.

The invention discloses a rare earth permanent magnet produced by applying abundant rare earth cerium (Ce) and a preparation method of the rare earth permanent magnet produced by applying abundant rare earth Ce. Based on a double-alloy process, main phase alloy formula uses Ce to partly replace neodymium (Nd), an optimized composition design enables a main alloy to form Ce2Fe14B phase and Nd2Fe14B phase to a greatest extent, and therefore high intrinsic magnetic property is guaranteed. A brand new crystal boundary phase is prepared by a crystal boundary reconstitution technology, and high integral magnetic property and corrosion resistant property are guaranteed, and meanwhile a nanometer powder crystal modification method is supplemented, a micro organization structure of a magnet is optimized, crystal boundary distribution is improved, and the magnetic property and the corrosion resistant property are further improved. By applying abundant rare earth cerium, cost is effectively reduced, and meanwhile balance between production and marketing is promoted. Praseodymium (Pr), Nd, and the like are chosen to form a hard magnetic shell layer of a main phase boundary in a composition design of crystal phase auxiliary alloy at the same time, compared high price heavy rare earth elements of dysprosium (Dy) and terbium (Tb) with the elements, and cost control can be further achieved.

The invention discloses a method for detecting mutation information in a multiplex amplification sequencing product of a genome. The method comprises steps as follows: sequencing data are subjected to quality assessment and preprocessing; a recognizable sequencing sequence is selected for sequence assembling; the recognizable sequencing sequence or a sequence obtained through assembling is compared with a reference gene sequence, and preliminary variation information is obtained; fine calibration of sequence variation is performed according to different types of conditions; a calibrated sequencing fragment is obtained; the homozygosis or heterozygosis state of a target fragment is obtained according to the type of the sequencing fragment with the highest abundance; finally, the mutation information in the multiplex amplification sequencing product of the genome is obtained. By means of the method, the amplification product can be rapidly, efficiently and accurately recognized, and the calculation resources are saved; the sequence assembling process is compatible, and the problem of reduction of the quality value of basic groups produced in the sequencing process can be effectively solved; the homozygosis / heterozygosis state of variation information can be more effectively and stably judged, and random errors introduced in the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) process and the sequencing process are eliminated.

Apparatus and methods for target detection in hyperspectral images are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of detecting a target in a hyperspectral image includes spectrally unmixing the hyperspectral image into segments, each segment having at least one of similar spectral composition, similar textural composition, and similar variation, and spectrally unmixing at least one of the segments. The method further includes creating a clutter rejection filter for at least one segment, filtering at least one segment, and calculating target abundances in at least one segment. In alternate embodiments, channel reduction can be performed on the hyperspectral image and also on at least one segment. In further embodiments, data associated with the location of possible targets in the segments may be compiled. In yet another embodiment, this data may be compressed by cross referencing data from all segments and eliminating redundancies.

A method to produce aqueous droplets in oil and to manipulate the droplets for storage in the microfluidic device for certain amount of time to accumulate detectable amount of product produced by a single copy or plural copies of enzyme enclosed in the droplets, and to detect and measure the biomarkers in the antibody binding assay is disclosed. The method comprises: (1) generation of droplets in the microfluidic device, (2) storage of droplets in the microfluidic device, (3) measurement of activity of a single copy or plural copies of enzyme in the droplets, (4) individual molecule-counting immunoassay using the droplets.Applications can include the single molecule counting immunoassay, a platform for extremely high through digital PCR, a platform for directed evolution at individual molecule resolutions, nanoparticles synthesis, biodegradable polymer particle production and single molecule analysis.

Methods for determining whether a molecule affects a disorder are provided. A cell from an organism is contacted with the molecule, or the molecule is expressed within the cell. A determination is made as to whether the RNA or protein expression in the cell of at least one open reading frame is changed relative to the expression of the reading frame in the absence of the molecule. Each such open reading frame is regulated by a promoter native to SEQ ID NOS: 5-9, 11-12, 14, 16, 18, 20-21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33 or homologs of the foregoing. A determination is made as to whether the molecule affects the disorder when the RNA or protein expression of the at least one reading frame is changed. Alternatively, a determination is made that the molecule does not affect the disorder when the RNA or protein expression of the at least one reading frame is unchanged.

A hyperspectral image sparse unmixing method based on random projection includes the following four main steps: (1) data are read by a computer under the environment of MATLAB R2008b; (2) the hyperspectral image data and the hyperspectral library data are randomly projected by the computer; (3) a target function for sparse unmixing is constructed, and the split Bregman algorithm is used for optimizing the target function and working out an extremum until reaching convergence and stopping conditions; (4) an appropriate threshold value is set to process a abundance fraction matrix, so that a final abundance fraction graph and end members can be obtained. The hyperspectral image sparse unmixing method based on random projection utilizes a hyperspectral database to choose the end members, and overcomes the defect that the end members worked out by the conventional algorithm cannot strictly correspond to the spectra of pure materials in the standard hyperspectral database; and moreover, the hyperspectral image sparse unmixing method based on random projection uses the random projection technology to carry out dimensionality reduction on raw data, thus achieving the effects of saving memories and reducing the calculation load. The hyperspectral image sparse unmixing method based on random projection realizes rapid quantitative analysis on hyperspectral images, and has practical value and a broad application prospect in the field of hyperspectral remote sensing image analysis.

A fast and rigorous multivariate curve resolution (MCR) algorithm is applied to remotely sensed spectral data. The algorithm is applicable in the solar-reflective spectral region, comprising the visible to the shortwave infrared (ranging from approximately 0.4 to 2.5 μm), midwave infrared, and thermal emission spectral region, comprising the thermal infrared (ranging from approximately 8 to 15 μm). For example, employing minimal a priori knowledge, notably non-negativity constraints on the extracted endmember profiles and a constant abundance constraint for the atmospheric upwelling component, MCR can be used to successfully compensate thermal infrared hyperspectral images for atmospheric upwelling and, thereby, transmittance effects. Further, MCR can accurately estimate the relative spectral absorption coefficients and thermal contrast distribution of a gas plume component near the minimum detectable quantity.

A method of imaging mass spectroscopy and a corresponding apparatus are provided, wherein the m / z-ratio of ions as well as the location of said ions on a sample surface are detected simultaneously in a time of flight mass spectrometer. The detector is a semiconductor array detector comprising pixels, that each can be arranged to measure a signal intensity of a signal induced by the ions or their time of arrival. A four-dimensional image consisting of the two lateral dimensions on the sample surface, the m / z-ratio representing the ion type and the abundance of an ion type on the surface can be reconstructed from repeated measurements for which a correspondingly adapted computer program product can be involved.

Methods, computer program products and systems for identifying cellular constituents in a secondary tissue that serve as surrogate markers for a target gene expressed in a primary tissue of a species are provided. A classifier is constructed using cellular constituent abundances of cellular constituents in a first plurality of cellular constituents measured in the secondary tissue in a population. This population comprises a first and second subgroup. The classifier is based on a second plurality of cellular constituents that comprises all or a portion of the first plurality of cellular constituents. Abundance levels of each cellular constituent in the second plurality of cellular constituents varies between the first and second subgroup. All or portion of the population is classified into a plurality of subtypes using the classifier. Then, one or more cellular constituents that can discriminate members of the population between a first subtype and a second subtype in the plurality of subtypes are identified.

The invention discloses a controllable and universal directional surface printing method. The method comprises the steps as follows: template glucoprotein is anchored on the surface of a substitution boric acid functional substrate material via boron affinity interaction, the polymer formed by auto-polymerization in water phase of a compound capable of automatically polymerizing forms a printing layer, and a template is eluted under the acid condition to form a printing hollow cavity, as a result, the molecular printing polymer is obtained. The molecular printing polymer prepared via the method not only has the advantages of good specificity, high combination capacity, strong anti-interference capability, quick combination and analysis speed and the like, but also can exclusively identify the template glucoprotein with or without the boron affinity interaction, is adjustable in force of combination with the template when keeping the specificity, and is wide in application range. The method has the advantages of convenience, controllability, universality, high printing efficiency and the like. The molecular printing polymer can exclusively identify, gather, separate and detect the glucoprotein with low enrichment in a complex practical sample.

The invention belongs to the technical field of remote sensing image processing, and particularly relates to a new mixed pixel decomposition method based on an NMF (non-negative matrix factorization) algorithm. The method comprises the following steps: introducing constraint conditions for abundance separability and smoothness into the target functions of the NMF algorithm according to the spectrum and abundance characteristics of hyperspectral images; and removing the constraint conditions at the right time, and continuing to carry out iteration, thereby overcoming the defects that the NMF algorithm is easily sunk into local minimum, so that the mixed pixel decomposition method for high mixed remote sensing data can be implemented effectively. The method disclosed by the invention has especially important application value in the aspects of detecting and identifying ground targets and classifying topographical objects based on the high accuracies of multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing images.

The invention relates to a risk-constrained oil and gas resource spatial distribution forecasting method which comprises the following steps of: (1) integrating seismic information and geologic information; (2) forecasting the exploration risk probability of a entire region; (3) establishing a resource abundance diagram of the discovered oil and gas accumulation; (4) establishing a resource abundance amplitude diagram and a resource abundance phase diagram; (5) establishing a modified resource abundance amplitude diagram; (6) establishing a risk probability amplitude diagram and a risk probability phase diagram; (7) establishing a forecast oil and gas resource abundance distribution diagram of the entire region; and (8) calculating the resource quantities of different risk regions: excluding the oil and gas accumulation with low abundance; excluding grid data points with high exploration risk; and verifying and modifying according to the data of the explored wells. The method can forecast the resource quantities in different risk regions and the spatial distribution positions of the remained oil and gas resources. A forecasting model and the method have strong operability. The invention can enhance the drilling decision level and the oil and gas exploration efficiency.

The invention provides a mass spectrometry information-based biological characteristic image identification method. The method comprises the steps as follows: firstly, chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis is carried out on a sample, and m / z, t and I of compounds in the sample are obtained; with m / z and t as coordinates, the mass spectrometry signal intensity of the compounds is represented by chromatic values of points; a generated m / z-t-I image is suitable for identification of the sample; biological characteristics in the sample are converted into spatial characteristics by extracting overall spatial information and local spatial information, for example, outlines, textures or colority from the image; the sample in which the composition or abundance of each compound is different displays specific spatial information; and closely clustered data points are selected, the characteristic region of the image is found out; and similarity analysis is carried out for sample identification and nature judgment. The mass spectrometry information-based biological characteristic image identification method breaks through a method for identifying the sample by mass spectrometry signal intensity or a method for identifying the sample by only mass spectrometry information of a few of index compounds and greatly improves the mass spectrometry-based complicated sample identification ability.

The invention belongs to the field of research on microbes in stratum water and provides an analysis method for diversity of microbes and abundance of species in coal seam water to overcome the problems that research on diversity of microbes in an environment has great limitation, species with low abundance in a sample cannot be effectively detected, species with high similarity in the sample are difficult to distinguish, only a minority of microbe species in the sample can be revealed, etc. The method comprises the following steps: acquisition of a coal seam water sample; enrichment of microbial thalli in the water sample and extraction of total DNA of the microbial thalli; amplification of the hypervariable region of 16SrDNA with specific primers; sequencing analysis with an Illumina sequencing platform; and processing of original data of sequencing so as to obtain diversity and abundance of microbes in the water sample. The method can effectively detect species with low abundance in the sample, identifies more than 400 genuses of bacteria in coal seam water, has obvious superiority in research on species and abundance of microbes in coal seam water and is applicable to analysis of diversity of microbes and abundance of species in environments like coal seams and oil gas or shale gas strata.

The present invention relates to a method of diagnosing a renal disorder. The method includes the steps of: (1) obtaining a biological sample from a subject; and (2) determining, in the biological sample, a level of one or more proteins whose abundance in urine change due to the renal disorder, wherein an increase or decrease in the level of one or more of the proteins compared to a control level is indicative of a renal disorder.

An isotopically-enriched, boron-containing compound comprising two or more boron atoms and at least one fluorine atom, wherein at least one of the boron atoms contains a desired isotope of boron in a concentration or ratio greater than a natural abundance concentration or ratio thereof. The compound may have a chemical formula of B2F4. Synthesis methods for such compounds, and ion implantation methods using such compounds, are described, as well as storage and dispensing vessels in which the isotopically-enriched, boron-containing compound is advantageously contained for subsequent dispensing use.

Capture particles for harvesting analytes from solution and methods for using them are described. The capture particles are made up of a polymeric matrix having pore size that allows for the analytes to enter the capture particles. The pore size of the capture particles are changeable upon application of a stimulus to the particles, allowing the pore size of the particles to be changed so that analytes of interest remain sequestered inside the particles. The polymeric matrix of the capture particles are made of co-polymeric materials having a structural monomer and an affinity monomer, the affinity monomer having properties that attract the analyte to the capture particle. The capture particles may be used to isolate and identify analytes present in a mixture. They may also be used to protect analytes which are typically subject to degradation upon harvesting and to concentrate low an analyte in low abundance in a fluid.

The invention relates to an immunochromatographic test strip for semi-quantitatively and simultaneously detecting cTnI and Myo and a preparation method thereof. The test strip comprises a base plate, a nitrocellulose membrane, a first bonding pad, a second bonding pad, a sample pad and a water absorbing pad. According to the preparation method, the pretreated nitrocellulose membrane, first bonding pad, second bonding pad, sample pad and water absorbing pad are sequentially and mutually staggered and attached to the base plate so as to obtain the immunochromatographic test strip for simultaneously detecting the cTnI and the Myo. The immunochromatographic test strip disclosed by the invention can be used for simultaneously detecting two proteins with greater abundance difference, providing great convenience for quick diagnosis of clinical myocardial infarction and overcoming and making up the defects of low sensitiveness and narrow linear range during detection of polyprotein in a traditional immunochromatographic test strip technology. The preparation method has the advantages of simple process, low cost, simpleness and convenience in operation and favorable application prospect.

Mass spectrometry is used to identify a protein of interest. The protein is first ionized then fragmented into protein product ion. Masses of the observed product ions are compared to product ion masses calculated in silico for database protein sequences to identify product ion matches within a predetermined mass tolerance. An algorithm that weights the product ion to matches based upon one or more factors such as product ion abundance, favored cleavage sites, product ion type, precursor ion charge state and polarity is used to score the possible matches to database proteins in order to identify the protein of interest. The invention represents a “top down” approach and is particularly well-suited for identification of a protein in a complex mixture.

The invention belongs to the technical field of remote sensing image processing, in particular to a hyperspectral remote sensing image mixed pixel decomposition method based on independent component analysis. According to the physical characteristics of hyperspectral images, the invention introduces abundance sum-to-one constraint and abundance nonnegative constraint into the target function of independent component analysis, and provides a self-adapting abundance modeling method to describe probability distribution of data, thus presenting favorable applicability towards different remote data. The method can effectively solve the problems of high mixing degree and remote sensing data mixed pixel decomposition under various interferences, and has significant application value in high-precision ground feature classification and detection and recognition of ground targets based on multispectral and hyperspectral remote images.