110 results about "Solar water heating" patented technology

The invention discloses an absorption refrigeration system based on combined driving of solar energy and waste heat of a data center. The absorption refrigeration system comprises a multi-energy complementary heat collection circulation module and an absorption refrigeration circulation module. The multi-energy complementary heat collection circulation module comprises a solar heating unit, a liquid cooling cabinet and a plate heat exchanger. And the solar heating unit and the liquid cooling cabinet are respectively connected with the plate heat exchanger. And the absorption refrigeration cycle module is connected with the multi-energy complementary heat collection cycle module. The absorption type refrigeration cycle module comprises an absorption type refrigeration cycle generator, a gas-liquid separator, a condenser, an evaporator, a mixer, an absorber and a solution exchanger. And the absorption refrigeration cycle generator is connected with the plate heat exchanger and the gas-liquid separator. And the gas-liquid separator is connected with the condenser and the solution exchanger. And the condenser is connected with the evaporator. The mixer is connected with the solution exchanger, the evaporator and the absorber. And the absorber is connected with the absorption refrigeration cycle generator. Dependence on external energy can be reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

The utility model provides an auxiliary heating device of a solar energy storage and air energy control system, and mainly relates to the technical field of solar heat utilization. An auxiliary heating device of a solar energy storage and air energy control system comprises a heating water tank, a heat-conducting medium box body, an air energy heating device, a supporting frame, a solar heating device, an energy storage water tank and a control device, and the heating water tank, the heat-conducting medium box body, the air energy heating device and the solar heating device are fixedly installed on the supporting frame. A first heat exchange pipeline is arranged between the heating water tank and the solar heating device, the first heat exchange pipeline is further connected with a heat-conducting medium box body, and a heat-conducting agent circulates in the first heat exchange pipeline. By means of the modular design, solar energy and air energy can be comprehensively utilized, the heat energy transfer path and control logic are optimized, the efficient and energy-saving heating effect is achieved, the system is suitable for various scenes such as residences, commercial buildings and industrial places, and the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.

This invention discloses a solar-powered device and method for desalinizing saline-alkali soil, relating to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement. The device includes a solar power generation unit, a soil salt extraction unit, a soil extract cation and anion direct current separation unit, and a salt collection unit. The method involves: extracting saline from the saline-alkali soil with water, guiding the extract to the cation and anion direct current separation unit, where the anions and cations in the extract move towards their respective ends under the action of the anode and cathode electrodes. The high-concentration brine near the anode and cathode electrodes is then guided to a brine collection tank, while the liquid in the middle of the cation and anion direct current separation unit has a lower salt content and is recycled for further extraction of saline-alkali soil salt. The direct current power used in the device comes from solar photovoltaic panels, and the brine is heated and dried using solar energy.

The invention discloses a laser-constructed aluminum-based dual-mode heat regulator and application thereof. The aluminum-based dual-mode heat regulator comprises an aluminum base; one side of the aluminum base is provided with a passive radiation cooling layer, and the other side is provided with a solar heating layer; the passive radiation cooling layer comprises a laser constructed aluminum oxide layer and a hydrophobic-emission enhancement layer above the aluminum oxide layer; and the solar heating layer comprises a black aluminum layer constructed by laser and a hydrophobic layer arranged above the black aluminum layer. According to the invention, Al2O3 and black Al nanoparticles are directly assembled on an Al sheet as a dual-mode functional layer through laser surface direct writing (LSDW), and then a hydrophobic material is sprayed as a self-cleaning layer. The inherent high thermal conductivity of the Al sheet is beneficial to efficient heat exchange between the functional surface and the target building, and effective temperature adjustment is achieved. The passive radiation cooling function and the solar heating function are integrated in one device, and cooling and heating can be easily achieved according to seasonal changes.

The utility model discloses an unmanned monitoring passive energy-saving constant-temperature room capable of being quickly assembled. The unmanned monitoring passive energy-saving constant-temperature room comprises a room body built in an assembly type building mode. The house main body is subjected to heat preservation or heat insulation treatment and is internally provided with an air conditioner for keeping indoor constant temperature; a heat exchange device of the air conditioner exchanges heat between air in a room of the house main body and stored water in a heat storage water tank arranged outside the house main body; the heat storage water tank is connected with the solar water heating device and the heat dissipation device through pipelines, stored water is heated through the solar water heating device, and the stored water is cooled through the heat dissipation device. And a pipeline of the solar water heating device for heating water in the heat storage water tank is controlled to be opened and closed by a temperature sensor arranged in the house main body chamber. The energy consumption for keeping the constant temperature of the building is greatly reduced, the cost of a power generation device and energy storage equipment can be effectively reduced, energy conservation and emission reduction in the operation process are further achieved, and the purposes of green energy conservation and carbon reduction in the whole process of the building are achieved.

The invention discloses a cattle farm playground water trough anti-freezing temperature control system based on solar energy storage, and relates to the technical field of livestock breeding equipment, the cattle farm playground water trough anti-freezing temperature control system comprises a solar power generation module, an energy storage management module, a temperature control execution module and an intelligent control module, the solar power generation module is electrically connected with the energy storage management module and the temperature control execution module, and the intelligent control module is electrically connected with the energy storage management module. The energy storage management module is electrically connected with the temperature control execution module and the intelligent control module, and the temperature control execution module is in signal connection with the intelligent control module. Compared with an existing solar heating device lacking a stable energy storage system, the cattle farm playground water trough anti-freezing temperature control system based on solar energy storage stores electric energy through a solar storage battery of the energy storage management module, and the solar energy storage management module stores the electric energy at night or in a scene with insufficient illumination such as cloudy and rainy days; a storage battery power supply mode can be switched through the intelligent control module, continuous operation of the temperature control execution module is guaranteed, freezing of the water trough due to power supply interruption is avoided, and normal water drinking of cattle in winter is guaranteed.

The clean development mechanism requires to replace fossil fuel with clean energy as much as possible. According to an existing solar heating pipe heat collecting device, a heating pipe is fixed, and a collecting lens is generally arranged at a small corner of the ground, so that design and construction are convenient, and investment is saved; however, a mirror surface system is insufficient in lighting quantity, low in efficiency, insufficient in energy reflected to a heating pipe, low in light energy utilization rate and single in heating; sufficient solar energy is wasted in vain around many energy-consuming places, and there is no suitable facility for use, such as heating in many old industrial and mining scenes, offices, schools, hospitals, hotels, common people and the like, so that the solar energy is wasted in vain. The invention provides a suspension type solar condensation heating pipe system, a heating medium heating pipe is arranged at the high altitude and is just close to a focus line of a groove type condensation lens, the condensation lens is hung on the heating pipe, and the condensation lens irradiates a heating pipeline; the heating pipe can also be of an assembly combined structure, so that multifunctional heating is realized; solar energy can be easily and efficiently utilized in existing cities and villages at low cost.

The present invention relates to a smooth, cylindrical stainless steel tube-shaped heat exchanger (Figure 1) consisting of three tubes (5-6-7) for vaporizing water (seawater, pure water, freshwater, or wastewater) to produce steam (3) by a concentrated solar thermal energy process, using geothermal heat and other forms of heat with cogeneration, and by extension, for producing steam and producing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis. For its process applications, it takes the form of a cylindrical tube with a variable diameter (8-9) depending on the quantity of water (2) to be vaporized, and with a length (8) and width (9) defined and modulated based on the flow parameters of a heat transfer fluid (1-4) heated by concentrated solar energy in situ.The stainless steel cylindrical tube heat exchanger is characterized by its unique process interaction capacity, whereby heat transfer occurs by convection and conduction through the tube (6), i.e., heat transfer from a hot body, the oil-carrying fluid (7), to a cooler body (5), which is a water-carrying fluid (2). This can be achieved through simple installations in areas exposed to sunlight, such as subsoil or a medium- or high-enthalpy geothermal well.Once the stainless steel cylindrical tube heat exchanger is installed and configured, piping systems carry water (2) into the designated space and then to the heat transfer system according to the invention. There, the fluid temperature is raised above its boiling point, and the water is then returned to the surface via the same piping system to be vaporized by venting it (3) outside the heat exchanger. The stainless steel cylindrical tube heat exchanger, by its method of use, relates in its functions to methods of vaporizing water (seawater, freshwater, and wastewater) by evaporation.

The application belongs to the technical field of clean energy, and relates to a geothermal energy-solar energy-hydrogen energy coupling power generation system and method, which comprises a geothermal energy heating unit, a solar energy heating unit, an organic working medium circulating unit and a hydrogen circulating unit. By constructing the geothermal energy-solar energy-hydrogen energy coupling power generation system, combining the twice heating efficient power generation of the organic working medium circulation and the electric energy storage-repowering function of the hydrogen circulation, not only the system output power fluctuation caused by the intermittency and fluctuation of the solar energy is effectively suppressed, the output power quality is guaranteed to meet the grid connection requirement, but also the working condition fluctuation of the core power generation equipment is reduced, the equipment start-stop frequency and component wear are reduced, the equipment service life is prolonged and the operation and maintenance cost is reduced, at the same time, the storage and cross-period reuse of the excess electric energy are realized, and the utilization efficiency of the renewable energy and the system operation stability are further improved.

1. Name of the product in this design: Solar-heated insulated bucket. 2. Application of this design: Container for holding liquids, especially suitable for applications where heating and insulation are achieved by connecting to solar photovoltaic panels. 3. The key design feature of this product is its shape. 4. The image or photograph that best illustrates the design's key points: a 3D model.

This utility model relates to a solar water heating supply device, belonging to the field of solar water heating supply technology. The device includes a support frame, a water tank fixedly mounted on the top surface of the support frame, a municipal water inlet pipe fixedly connected to one side of the water tank, several vacuum collectors fixedly mounted on both sides of the support frame, one end of each vacuum collector passing through the support frame and fixedly connected to the water tank, and a water inlet pipe fixedly connected to the other side of the water tank. A storage tank is located on one side of the water tank, and an inner tank is installed inside the storage tank. A pressure pump is installed on the water inlet pipe, one end of which passes through the storage tank and is fixedly connected to the inner tank. A stirring assembly is installed inside the inner tank, and an outlet pipe connected to the inner tank is located on one side of the storage tank. A vacuum state is created by utilizing the gap between the storage tank and the inner tank, which prevents heat loss through heat conduction.

The invention discloses a thin-film solar heating pad which comprises a first transparent bottom electrode, a thin-film battery functional layer and a composite functional layer used for replacing a top electrode, the first transparent bottom electrode and the thin-film battery functional layer sequentially cover the upper surface of a first transparent substrate, the composite functional layer is a transparent conductive heating film, and the first transparent bottom electrode is coupled with one end of a storage battery. The other end of the storage battery is coupled with the transparent conductive heating film through the photovoltaic controller, the positive electrode of the storage battery is coupled with one end of the transparent conductive heating film through the electric control unit, and the negative electrode of the storage battery is coupled with the other end of the transparent conductive heating film. The heating pad has the beneficial effects that the transparent conductive heating film is arranged on the top surface of the functional layer of the thin-film battery to replace a top electrode, and the transparent conductive heating film not only plays a heating role, but also can replace the top electrode of the functional layer of the thin-film battery to carry out electron circulation and form a charging loop, so that the thickness of the heating pad is favorably reduced; the transparent conductive heating film does not influence the light energy capture of the thin-film cell functional layer due to the transparent characteristic of the transparent conductive heating film.

The utility model discloses a circulating auxiliary heating device for central heating, which belongs to the technical field of central heating and comprises a heating cylinder and a heating pipe, and a solar heating mechanism is arranged on the side of the heating cylinder. According to the utility model, when hot water in the heat preservation chamber is pumped into the heating pipe through the first water pump and the water guide steel pipe to carry out auxiliary heating on heating water in the heating pipe, water subjected to heat exchange in the heating pipe is guided into the pre-storage chamber from the water return steel pipe to be temporarily stored, and backflow water is guided into the inner cavity of the heating chamber through the first electric control valve; low-temperature water is reheated through a first electric heating rod in the inner cavity of the heating chamber, and when the low-temperature water is reheated to the temperature the same as that of hot water in the inner cavity of the heat preservation chamber, the hot water in the inner cavity of the heating chamber is guided into the heat preservation chamber through a second electric control valve, so that water in a heating pipe is subjected to auxiliary heating through the hot water subsequently; and the practicability of the device is improved.

The invention provides a light-weight solar hot water tank structure which comprises a hot water tank, a heightening frame and a double-coil assembly, the hot water tank comprises a tank body, a left seal head and a right seal head, and an inner container used for storing hot water is arranged in the tank body; an arc-shaped supporting plate is fixedly welded to the top of the rear end of the heightening frame, the hot water tank is placed, limited and fixed above the arc-shaped supporting plate, the front end of the heightening frame is fixedly connected with a heat collection plate through bolts, a closed heat exchange flow channel is formed in the heat collection plate, and the heat exchange flow channel is filled with a heat exchange medium; the double-coil-pipe assembly is arranged in an inner container of the hot water tank, and a heat exchange medium can flow through the double-coil-pipe assembly and completes heat exchange with water stored in the inner container through heat conduction. According to the double-coil-pipe heat exchanger, the double-coil-pipe assembly composed of the inner coil pipe and the outer coil pipe is arranged and matched with the three-way pipes on the two sides to achieve double-way parallel heat exchange of heat exchange media, the heat exchange contact area is maximized, compared with a traditional single-coil-pipe design, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the problem of uneven water temperature is effectively solved.

This invention discloses a control method for an intelligent fan system, relating to the field of fan control. The method includes: collecting multi-point temperatures of the outdoor heat exchanger coil and calculating subcooling to identify the initial frost period, frost development period, and full frost critical period; actively reducing fan speed and introducing solar water heating circulation when active frost protection conditions are met; calculating the natural temperature drop rate and expected temperature rise rate of the coil, and determining whether active frost protection conditions are met based on the average coil temperature; entering defrost mode when the frost protection time window is too short; using the difference between the solar collector outlet temperature and the average coil temperature as the effective driving temperature difference, calculating the expected temperature rise rate based on the coil heat capacity, and prioritizing the activation of the solar circulation pump to raise the coil temperature after determining that active frost protection conditions are met; and adjusting fan speed in stages according to the pre-frost temperature drop ratio; thus achieving the identification of the frost stage and coordinated control of fan speed, reducing indoor temperature fluctuations.

The invention discloses an energy-saving high-temperature ammonia corrosion test and analysis system coupled with solar energy. The system comprises a solar heating module, a liquid ammonia tank, an evaporator, a first filter, a buffer tank, a second filter and a test unit, the solar heating module provides heat energy for the evaporator by utilizing photovoltaic power generation and heat collection, and liquid ammonia is gasified by the evaporator, sequentially passes through the first filter and the buffer tank, and enters the second filter for multi-stage purification; the second filter adopts an adsorption and buffer composite structure and is combined with filter layers made of different materials, so that the ammonia gas purity is improved; a plurality of sections of spiral coils with different intensities are arranged in the test unit and are matched with an external induction coil for heating. According to the device, energy consumption is remarkably reduced through solar driving and ammonia gas recycling, meanwhile, the accuracy and applicability of corrosion testing are improved through the multi-layer filtering and segmented temperature control design, ammonia corrosion environments under different high-temperature conditions can be simulated, and the device has the advantages of being efficient, capable of saving energy, accurate in testing, high in automation degree and the like.

The application discloses an energy-saving sludge reduction system and method, which comprises a sludge continuous mechanical deep dehydration unit, a preheating and molding unit, a belt drying unit, a dust removal unit, a circulating fan unit, a quenching and heating unit, a heat pump unit and a solar water heating unit. The sludge continuous mechanical deep dehydration unit and the preheating and molding unit are used for sludge reduction pretreatment and molding preheating. After the tail water of sewage treatment reaching the standard is preheated by the solar water heating unit, the tail water enters the heat pump unit. The water source heat pump unit provides corresponding heat input and cold input for the belt drying unit in the heating and condensation links. The automatic control valve, the air temperature and humidity online monitoring control and the fan are connected on the connecting pipeline of the drying carrier gas quenching and heating unit, so that the air is fully condensed and heated, the carbon emission and energy consumption in the sludge heating and drying are reduced, and the operation cost is reduced.

The application discloses a device for heating samples by using sunlight, which is composed of a black body furnace, a converging lens, a black body furnace support and a converging lens support, and is provided with a light transmission opening switch; the surface of the black body furnace is provided with a light transmission opening and a material loading and taking opening; the light transmission opening enables the converging sunlight to enter the black body furnace; the material loading and taking opening is used for loading and taking samples; the converging lens is composed of a plano-convex lens and a Fresnel zone plate made on the plane side of the plano-convex lens, and is used for converging the sunlight to the sample in the black body furnace; the sunlight is reflected or scattered by the sample, is reflected in the black body furnace for multiple times and is finally absorbed by the sample, so that the sample is heated; the black body furnace support is connected with the black body furnace, and plays a fixing and supporting role; the converging lens support is used for connecting the converging lens and the black body furnace, and fixing the converging lens above the light transmission opening of the black body furnace; and the light transmission opening switch is installed on the converging lens support, and is opened during heating and closed during non-heating. The device uses the solar energy to heat the sample, is environment-friendly and green, can be used in all places with sunlight, has high energy utilization rate and wide application.

The invention relates to efficient solar heat and water supply equipment, and belongs to the technical field of heat supply systems. The equipment comprises a stand column, and a solar sun tracking holder steering system and a disc-shaped solar heat collection reflecting mirror which are arranged on the stand column. The system is efficient and energy-saving, and the solar energy conversion efficiency can be remarkably improved through the focusing type heat collection technology; the equipment is low in manufacturing cost, can be mounted in fields, vegetable greenhouses and other scenes, and is suitable for small and medium-sized heat supply requirements; meanwhile, modular expansion can be achieved, a plurality of devices are connected in series so that the larger-scale heat supply requirement can be met, 220V power supply adapts to the conventional electricity utilization environment, and environment friendliness is achieved; solar energy is completely relied on, carbon emission is avoided, the national clean energy policy guidance is met, and compared with the prior art, remarkable progress is achieved.

The invention discloses a solar heating water cup which comprises a cup body, a transparent cup cover is installed at a cup opening of the cup body, and a solar heating assembly used for heating water in the cup body is arranged in the transparent cup cover. Wherein the solar heating assembly comprises an annular ring, a Y-shaped support, a first light reflecting part, an annular transparent shell, a plurality of second light reflecting parts and a heat conducting part, and the annular ring is fixedly installed on the inner side wall of the transparent cup cover. When the solar heating water cup provided by the invention is used, sunlight reflected by the first light reflecting part is reflected to the surface of the black wax light paper ring in the annular transparent shell by utilizing the plurality of second light reflecting parts, so that the black wax light paper ring is rapidly heated to heat the annular transparent shell; and then heat generated when the black wax light paper ring irradiates sunlight is directly conducted into the cup body through the heat conduction part to heat water, the energy loss in the conversion process is small, and therefore the water heating efficiency is improved.

The invention provides an energy-saving system for continuously boiling by adding solar energy into a brewery boiler. According to the scheme, the energy-saving system comprises the boiler, a solar heating device, a storage tank, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger and temperature values among the devices. The storage tank can store heat of solar energy and energy of waste heat generated after boiling of the boiling device, and can provide heat supplement for continuous boiling of the boiling device in reverse. Solar heat energy is used for supplementing heat for the wort boiling system and recycling and storing secondary steam energy of the boiler, so that the heat energy utilization rate can be increased, heat circulation and reutilization of the system can be realized, the steam consumption of an external pipe network can be saved, the consumption of raw coal combustion is reduced, the steam loss is reduced, and the energy-saving effect is achieved; and moreover, the wort heating time is shortened, so that the wort boiling time of the boiling device is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of water heating devices, and provides a solar water heating device with a heat exchange system, which comprises a rectangular plate, two mounting blocks are fixedly mounted on one side of the outer surface of the top of the rectangular plate, the two mounting blocks are symmetrical, connecting shafts are fixedly mounted on the opposite surfaces of the two mounting blocks, and the connecting shafts are connected with the rectangular plate. The outer surface of the connecting shaft is movably sleeved with a flat plate collector. A servo motor and an electric telescopic rod are started at the same time, the servo motor drives a sliding block to move back and forth in a sliding groove through a threaded rod, the sliding block drives the electric telescopic rod to move, the angle of the flat plate collector can be adjusted through the electric telescopic rod, the flat plate collector rotates on the outer surface of a connecting shaft, and adjustment at different angles is conducted; the light absorption rate of the flat plate collector is improved, solar energy conversion heat energy is improved, the connecting block can rotate in the connector, and therefore the flat plate collector can be supported through the electric telescopic rod.

1. The name of the design product: solar water heating bag. 2. The use of the design product: for heating water in the bag by solar radiation. 3. The design points of the design product: in shape. 4. The picture or photo that best shows the design points: perspective view.

The invention discloses a solar photovoltaic panel water heating device, and relates to the technical field of solar water heating. The device comprises a solar photovoltaic panel, an aluminum alloy frame and a coil pipe. When the solar photovoltaic panel generates power under illumination, the back of the solar photovoltaic panel can generate a certain amount of heat, and the coil pipe is tightly attached to the back of the photovoltaic panel to absorb residual heat and heat water flowing in the coil pipe, so that heat energy generated by the photovoltaic panel is converted into hot water, and the synergistic effect of improving the photovoltaic power generation efficiency and recycling the heat energy is achieved; the solar energy utilization rate is improved.

The invention discloses a solar energy and hot air flow synergistically driven vertical axis wind turbine and a driving method thereof, and relates to the technical field of new energy power generation, and the solar energy and hot air flow synergistically driven vertical axis wind turbine comprises a solar energy heating airflow system, a vertical axis wind turbine with an airflow channel power arm, a non-interference transmission assembly and a transmission assembly. The solar heating airflow system forms ascending airflow through cooperative heating of a heat collecting pipe and a light gathering plate, and pressurization and acceleration are conducted through the chimney effect. The interference-free transmission assembly realizes low-loss conveying of hot air flow; the vertical axis wind turbine forms three-power coupling through a power arm airflow channel, a small wind wheel-flow guide impeller combination and blade wind catching, and starting at the ultralow wind speed of 0.25 m / s or below is achieved. The transmission assembly converts kinetic energy into electric energy. Through structure optimization and method innovation, the problems that a traditional fan is high in starting wind speed, single in driving and insufficient in hot air flow utilization are solved, and the system has the advantages of stable power generation in all time periods, convenient maintenance and multi-scene adaptation and can be widely applied to low-wind-speed distributed power generation scenes.

The present invention relates to a smart heating and cooling device capable of selectively implementing solar heating and radiant cooling, and a manufacturing method therefor. The smart heating and cooling device according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a flexible substrate; a bottom layer which is disposed on the flexible substrate and which has a radiant cooling body; and a top layer which is disposed on the flexible substrate, and which has a band partially fixed to the flexible substrate so as to be bent and deformed according to the deformation of the flexible substrate, and a solar absorber connected to the band so as to be movable according to the deformation of the band, wherein the solar absorber moves according to the deformation of the flexible substrate so as to selectively cover the radiant cooling body.

This invention discloses an all-weather adaptive thermal management sandwich nanofiber membrane, its preparation method, and its applications. The nanofiber membrane has a sandwich structure: the upper and lower layers are polyurethane layers containing thermochromic microcapsules and tetraethyl orthosilicate hydrolysate; the middle layer is a polyurethane layer encapsulating phase change microcapsules. The tetraethyl orthosilicate hydrolysate prepolymer is obtained by adjusting the pH of an aqueous solution to acidity and then hydrolyzing it. Thermochromic microcapsules, tetraethyl orthosilicate hydrolysate prepolymer, and phase change microcapsules are then added to the polyurethane organic solution to prepare the outer and middle spinning solutions. The outer spinning solution, middle spinning solution, and outer spinning solution are deposited sequentially using a layer-by-layer electrospinning method. This fiber membrane can adaptively switch between radiative cooling and solar heating functions according to the ambient temperature. It exhibits stable optical properties, phase change characteristics, and mechanical properties, and shows promising application prospects in fields such as intelligent temperature-controlled textiles and building energy conservation.

A solar energy system with thermal energy storage comprises a vessel defining an internal cavity including a partition structure forming multiple vertical heat transfer cells. Each cell is formed by vertical cell walls of the partition structure. Each heat transfer cell contains a separate inventory of a thermal mass composition operable to store thermal energy. A heat exchanger disposed in each cell comprises first and second tube bundles embedded in the thermal mass composition. The first bundle circulates heat transfer fluid heated by solar energy to heat the composition. The second bundle circulates working fluid such as water converted to steam by absorbing heat from the composition for generating power or other steam applications. The cells may be formed by discrete self-supporting transportable tubular modules each supporting one of the heat exchangers. Each cell and heat exchanger therein are independently operably of the others.

A solar warming apparatus includes a container with a heating band, a box that houses the container, and a lens supported by the box to focus light rays onto the heating band. The heating band conducts heat to the container's contents, while the top and bottom parts of the container are thermally insulating. In some embodiments, the lens is a Fresnel lens, and the container is rotatable via one or more rollers driven by various mechanisms, including motors or manual cranks. The system may incorporate optical focusing, safety features, and interchangeable or dual-chamber container designs to accommodate a variety of heating applications using sunlight.

A modular water purification system comprising an evaporation assembly, a condensation assembly, and a waterproof enclosure The evaporation assembly is heated primarily by sun heat, with optional supplementary heating. The condensation assembly converts water vapor to liquid, optionally aided by external power. The waterproof enclosure covers and seals the condensation assembly and the evaporation assembly to prevent external contamination defining a water purification device. The water purification device includes an inlet for the water source and an outlet from the condenser reservoir. The modular water purification system allows for vertical stacking, enabling simultaneous increase in water elevation and purity as it progresses through the stack.