247 results about "Salt bridge" patented technology

The invention relates to an electrolytic extraction and detection method of nonmetallic inclusion in steel by utilizing an organic solution. The method comprises the following process steps: (1) preparing electrolyte; (2) preparing and electrolyzing a steel sample: soaking the steel sample containing the inclusion into the electrolyte in an electrolytic cell; arranging a salt bath beside the electrolytic cell; erecting a salt bridge between the salt bath and the electrolytic cell; inserting a calomel electrode into the salt bath; inserting a calomel electrode in the salt bath; using the positive electrode of the steel sample, connected with a direct current stabilized power supply, as the anode, using a platinum wire as an electrolysis cathode, charging inert gas, particularly referring to argon; and (3) separating: pouring the electrolyte left after the electrolysis of the steel sample in the step (2) into a funnel which is filled with filter paper; arranging a vacuum filtration device which is loaded with a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane at the position tightly attached to the liquid down port of the funnel; separating the inclusion from the steel sample under the state that the vacuum filtration device is vacuumized; and transferring the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane which is distributed with the inclusion to a scanning electron microscope for detection. In the method provided by the invention, the inclusion can be extracted out of the steel without being damaged; and the three-dimensional shape of the inclusion is directly observed.

The present invention relates to a microchip using polyelectrolyte salt bridge for cytometry, velocimetry, and cell sorting. The microchip comprises; a) an inlet for solution to be analyzed, b) a microchannel which provides a moving passage for solution to be analyzed, c) at least one outlet for solution to be analyzed which has passed through the moving passage, d) at least one electrode system comprising a first and a second salt bridges connected to the microchannel (the two salt bridges face each other), and a first and a second reservoirs connected to said each salt bridge (the reservoir comprises electrode and standard electrolyte solution). The microchip detects analytes in the solution to be analyzed (for example, a cell) by detecting change of impedance. In detail, anion in the standard electrolyte solution, which is comprised in the first reservoir, moves from the first salt bridge to the second salt bridge across the microchannel. Impedance change occurs by interference of anion moving across the microchannel and the change can be detected by impedance analyzer connected to electrodes in the first and the second reservoirs.

The invention discloses a medical type all-solid potassium ion selectivity sensor and a preparation method thereof. The medical type all-solid potassium ion selectivity sensor comprises a substrate, two potassium ion selectivity working electrodes which are completely the same in structure and arranged side by side, an insulating layer and a salt bridge. Without a constant-potential reference electrode in the conventional sense, one of the two potassium ion selectivity working electrodes is used to be matched with a potassium standard solution to realize the function of a reference electrode, the complexity in preparation of the whole sensor is greatly reduced. Each of the two same potassium ion selectivity working electrodes comprises a conductive layer, a reaction electrode, a contact electrode and a potassium ion sensitive film. According to the invention, since the constant-potential traditional reference electrode and the electrolyte layer of a common solid-state electrode are not needed, the preparation process and flow of the all-solid potassium ion selectivity sensor are greatly simplified; and moreover, the all-solid potassium ion selectivity sensor has accurate and quick response, and is small and light, convenient to carry and suitable for large-scale production.

The present claimed invention is to provide a reference electrode wherein variations of a potential difference at a liquid junction can be removed almost completely, contamination of a sample solution can be minimized, a frequency to supply and replace an internal solution is lessened, the liquid junction is prevented from being clogged, high durability for a long term can be maintained and a measurement with high accuracy can be conducted, and comprises an internal electrode 21, an internal solution 22 that makes a contact with the internal electrode 21 and a liquid junction 23 that continues into the internal solution 22, wherein the liquid junction 23 is made by the use of a gelled hydrophobic ionic liquid.

The invention discloses a method for electrochemically coordinating persulfate to remove organic pollutants in wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: separating cathode liquor from anode liquor through a salt bridge or a proton membrane, wherein the cathode liquor is prepared from persulfate, transition metal ions and wastewater containing the organic pollutants; then adjusting a pHvalue of the cathode liquor to 0 to 10 and electrifying to treat for 0.5 to 12 hours under low current density after stirring; performing solid-liquid separation on the cathode liquor and separatingto obtain the liquid, namely wastewater with the organic pollutants removed. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the organic pollutants can polymerize to form solid precipitate in an electrolytic process of a cathode chamber; after reaction is finished, solid-liquid separation is performed on reaction liquid; thus, target organic pollutants, COD and TOC in the wastewater can be effectively removed; meanwhile, the method has the advantages of high efficiency, energy conservation, simpleness and convenience in operation and the like.

A dual-electrode oxidizing and electrochemical process for treating the industrial sewage is discloosed. A 3D membrane gas-diffusion electrode is used as the electrolytic cathode. An ion exchange membrane or a salt bridge is used to partition the cathode area from the anode area. The electrically catalytic electrolysis is performed to generate H2O2 which can be used to decompose the organic pollutants. Its advantages are high efficiency and low energy consumption.

The invention relates to an electrolytic cell device of electrochemistry electrochemistry for performing corrosion fatigue crack propagation experiment on metal materials, belonging to the technical field of material corrosion research, mainly comprising a front trough solid, a rear trough solid, a three point bending specimen, a bolt, a water outlet, a water inlet, an auxiliary electrode, a salt bridge, a reference electrode and a conical flask; the front trough solid and the rear trough solid are symmetrical halfbody structures, which fix the electrolytic cell in a box shaped structure on two sides of the three point bending specimen through a thru bolt. A groove placing auxiliary electrode is arranged at the center of the front plate inner side of the front trough solid. One end of the salt bridge communicates with the auxiliary electrode and the work electrode through etching solution, and the other end is connected with the reference electrode through the conical flask full of saturated potassium chloride solution. A left posterior lateral plate and a right posterior lateral plate have the same height and the same width with a left front lateral plate and a right front lateral plate, which is a symmetrical shape and structure, having simple and practical structure, multiple measurable functions, long service life, high measuring precision and good accuracy.

The invention discloses a sodium ion sensor and a preparation method thereof. The sodium ion sensor comprises a substrate, a first sodium ion selection electrode, a second sodium ion selection electrode, a solid electrolyte reference layer, a sodium ion sensitive film, an insulating layer and a salt bridge, wherein the first sodium ion selection electrode comprises a first reaction electrode arranged on the substrate; the second sodium ion selection electrode comprises a second reaction electrode arranged on the substrate; the solid electrolyte reference layer covers the first reaction electrode and the second reaction electrode; the sodium ion sensitive film is arranged on the solid electrolyte reference layer; the insulating layer is arranged on the sodium ion sensitive film; a first opening and a second opening are formed in the insulating layer; the first opening is communicated with the sodium ion sensitive film to form a first reaction cavity; the second opening is communicated with the sodium ion sensitive film to form a second reaction cavity; the salt bridge is arranged on the insulating layer; one end of the salt bridge extends to the inside of the first reaction cavity; and the other end of the salt bridge extends to the inside of the second reaction cavity. Through the manner, the sodium ion sensor disclosed by the invention can be miniaturized, so that the sodium ion sensor is convenient to carry and convenient to operate.

An ion selective electrode (ISE) includes an electrode body or housing having an ion selective membrane located at one end thereof and an indicator electrode formed at or adjacent to the ion selective membrane. A sealed vessel is disposed inside the electrode body, the sealed vessel holding an electrically conductive solution and a reference electrode conductor, wherein a portion of the reference electrode conductor is submerged in the electrically conductive solution. The ISE includes a conductive member having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end of the conductive member terminates inside the sealed vessel and the distal end terminates outside the housing. The construction of the ISE keeps the reference electrode separate from the indicator electrode. Electrons are passed to the reference electrode via the conductive member obviating the need for a salt bridge. Importantly, no reference electrode is needed that connects to the inner membrane surface. The ISE operates on the double capacitor mechanism which is fundamentally different from the conventional Nernst redox reactions described in the prior art.

The invention relates to a sewage treatment device and particularly relates to a biological membrane electrode and UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) coupled reactor comprising a reactor cylinder, a biological membrane electrode system, an electrochemical testing system and a cathode potential testing device, wherein the reactor cylinder internally and sequentially comprises a water distribution plate and the biological membrane electrode system from bottom to top; a sludge bed region is arranged between the biological membrane electrode system and a three-phase separator; the biological membrane electrode system comprises an anode and a cathode; the cathode potential testing device comprises a reference electrode, a salt bridge and sealed electrolyte, wherein the salt bridge is used for communicating the sludge bed region near the cathode and the sealed electrolyte, one end of the reference electrode is connected with the sealed electrolyte, and the other end of the reference electrode is connected with the electrochemical testing system. The biological membrane electrode and UASB coupled reactor provided by the invention is used for promoting the oxidative metabolism of microorganisms to organic pollutants and increasing the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal rate through the coupling effect of a micro electric field and the microorganisms; meanwhile, the micro electric field can be used for promoting the transfer of electrons in the system and increasing the degradation rate of the pollutants.

A channel (140) is divised into portions (142, 144). The sidewalls of each channel portion (142, 144) have surface charges of opposite polarity. The two channel portions (142, 144) are physically connected together by a salt bridge (133), such as a glass frit or gel layer. The salt bridge (133) separates the fluids in channel (140) from an ionic fluid reservoir (135). To impart electroosmotic and electrophoretic forces along the channel (140) between parts A and B, respectively. Additionally, a third electrode (137) is placed in the reservoir (135).

The invention provides a long-life reference electrode suitable for a deep-sea high-hydrostatic pressure environment. The long-life reference electrode comprises a housing, an inner electrode core, a salt bridge and a diaphragm, wherein the inner electrode core, the salt bridge and the diaphragm are arranged in the housing from top to bottom. The long-life reference electrode is characterized in that the salt bridge comprises saturated potassium chloride sol-gel and potassium chloride particles uniformly dispersed in the saturated potassium chloride sol-gel; the diaphragm is a supermicroporous ceramic column; an upper end of the inner electrode core is provided with an epoxy sealing filler; the upper end of the inner electrode core is connected to an electrode lead which passes through the epoxy sealing filler and is drawn out of the housing; a lower end of the inner electrode core contacts with an upper end of the salt bridge; a lower end of the salt bridge contacts with one side of the diaphragm which is the supermicroporous ceramic column; and the other side of the diaphragm is connected to the external world. The long-life reference electrode can satisfy electrochemical measurement requirements in a deep-sea high-hydrostatic pressure environment, can be widely used for corrosion signal monitoring and detection, electrochemical protection and equipment probe automatic control of marine structures, deep sea petroleum pipes and deep sea detection equipment.

The invention belongs to the field of corrosion technologies, and relates to a corrosion test device for simulating environment alternation; small holes are respectively formed in the top of an upper barrel of an electrolytic tank and in the middle of the bottom of a lower barrel of the electrolytic tank in a digging manner; a tensile sample passes through the small holes and is sealed by a sealing rubber ring; a reference electrode is arranged in a salt bridge; a water outlet is formed in the other side of the upper barrel of the electrolytic tank, and a water inlet is formed in one side of the lower barrel of the electrolytic tank; a cold water pipe is arranged at the upper part in a corrosive solution tank; a hot water pipe is arranged at the lower part in the corrosive solution tank; the corrosive solution tank is respectively connected with the lower barrel and the upper barrel of the electrolytic tank; an air inlet is formed in the water inlet of the lower barrel of the electrolytic tank, and is connected with an air blower; a temperature control device is formed by connecting a condensing device, a heating device, a temperature sensor, an electronic temperature induction switch and a temperature controller; and a data acquisition device is arranged in the temperature controller. The corrosion test device is simple in main body structure, reliable in principle, low in preparation cost, good in test effect, easy in control of environmental parameters and environment-friendly.

The invention discloses a simple stimulation apparatus for corrosion and electrochemistry tests in a low speed pipeline. The apparatus can realize electrochemical test in a pipeline with the flow speed being smaller than 1m/s in below 75DEG C closed environment with different corrosion media and corrosion simulation acceleration corrosion test in a pipeline with the flow speed being smaller than 3m/s. The apparatus comprises a corrosion solution storage container, a solution circulating and metering system, a simulation pipeline internal corrosion sample chamber and an electrochemical test device. The corrosion solution container is mainly used for storing a large amount of a solution, the solution circulating and metering system comprises a variable frequency magnetic pump and a flow meter, and the flow meter can determine the test flow speed; and the simulation pipeline internal corrosion sample chamber stimulates six o'clock direction corrosion and other tests in a sample stimulation pipeline, and an electrochemical test chamber comprises an electrochemical test interface, a reference electrode and an outside salt bridge. The apparatus has the advantages of great reduction of leakage of hydrogen sulfide and a solution thereof, improvement of the safety of test personnel and environment, convenient and accurate stimulation of corrosion and electrochemical parameter determination in the pipeline under practical conditions, and wide test application range.

The invention relates to a multi-term ion biochemical analysis dry plate and a preparation method thereof, which belong to the technical field of a blood gas biochemical sensor, and the multi-term ion biochemical analysis dry plate is used for detecting sodion, potassium ions, calcium ions, chloride ions and carbon dioxide concentration in body fluid. The dry plate comprises a supporting layer, a sodion selective electrode, a potassium ions selective electrode, a calcium ions selective electrode, a chlorine ions selective electrode, a carbon dioxide selection electrode, a reference electrode, an interface layer, a salt bridge and a top. The salt bridge is sealed between the interface layer and the top, sodion, potassium ions, calcium ions, chloride ions, the carbon dioxide selection electrode and the reference electrode are respectively bounded to the supporting layer, the interface layer and the top for assembly to obtain the dry plate. When a test is carried out, a reference liquid and a test liquid are mutually conducted through osmosis of the salt bridge. The dry plate can simultaneously measure the sodion, the potassium ions, the calcium ions, the chloride ions and the carbon dioxide concentration in the liquid to-be-measured, has the advantages of simple operation, fast response speed and small volume, has the characteristics of simple preparation operation and low production cost, and is suitable for industrial production.

The present invention relates to planar electrochemical sensors with membrane coatings used to perform chemical analyses. The object of this invention is to provide unit-use disposable sensors of very simple and inexpensive construction, preferably with only a single membrane coating on an electrode. The invented devices are potentiometric salt-bridge reference electrodes and dissolved gas sensors constructed with a heterogeneous membrane coating of a conductor. The heterogeneous membrane, which is an intimate admixture of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic compartment, concurrently supports constrained transport of non-volatile species through its hydrophilic compartment and rapid gas and water vapor transport through its hydrophobic compartment.