613 results about "Ion selectivity" patented technology

An electrochemical device converts carbon dioxide to a formic acid reaction product. The device includes an anode and a cathode, each comprising a quantity of catalyst. The anode and cathode each have reactant introduced thereto. Two membranes, a cation exchange polymer electrolyte membrane and an anion exchange polymer electrolyte membrane, are interposed between the anode and the cathode, forming a central flow compartment where a carbon dioxide reduction product, such as formic acid, can be recovered. At least a portion of the cathode catalyst is directly exposed to gaseous carbon dioxide during electrolysis. The average current density at the membrane is at least 20 mA / cm2, measured as the area of the cathode gas diffusion layer that is covered by catalyst, and formate ion selectivity is at least 50% at a cell potential difference of 3.0 V. In some embodiments, at least one polymer electrolyte membrane comprises a polymer in which a constituent monomer is (p-vinylbenzyl)-R, where R is selected from the group consisting of imidazoliums, pyridiniums and phosphoniums. In some embodiments, the polymer electrolyte membrane is a Helper Membrane comprising a polymer containing an imidazolium ligand, a pyridinium ligand, or a phosphonium ligand.

An iontophoresis device useful for administering an ionic drug by iontophoresis has an iontophoresis electrode section (active electrode section) and a ground electrode section (inactive electrode section) both of which are to be connected to a power source. The iontophoresis device includes elements (members) of both of the electrode sections are all formed of membrane bodies, and includes ion exchange membranes different in ion selectivity, one being selective to ions of the same species as charged ions of the ionic drug and the other to ions different in species from the charged ions of the ionic drug that are arranged in the iontophoresis electrode section, and at least an ion exchange membrane selective to ions opposite to the charged ions of the ionic drug is arranged in the ground electrode section. The iontophoresis device can administer the ionic drug stably over a long period of time at high transport efficiency.

An apparatus utilizes miniaturized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and ion-selective self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and hydrogel chemistry to measure metal ion concentrations in liquids. The SPR optical system is packaged in a compact and cost-effective form factor. An electronic circuit drives the optical system. The SPR system utilizes an optical window that is coated with the SAM layer or hydrogel material. The SAM layer and hydrogel materials are highly selective to a specific metal ion of interest. The miniaturized SPR sensor is situated in an optical-fluidic cell or an optical-fluidic manifold with the SAM layer or hydrogel material in contact with the liquid. Metal ions selectively attach to the SAM layer or hydrogel material, thereby affecting the SPR signal. Changes in the SPR signal are used to accurately determine the metal ion concentration in the liquid. The liquids may be either static or dynamic.

The invention discloses a nanofiltration membrane with a nanometer hybridized desalination layer. The desalination layer formed through interphase hybridization of an inorganic nanoparticle with a particle size of 1 to 1000 nm and polyamide or polyimide is arranged on a porous supporting layer of the membrane. A preparation method for the nanofiltration membrane mainly comprises the following steps: pre-dispersion of the nanoparticle, preparation of a solution A, preparation of a solution B, interfacial polymerization, surface polishing and roller squeezing, rinsing with deionized water, moisture retention with glycerin and drying, wherein air drying and sulfonation can be carried out after surface polishing and roller squeezing. According to the invention, nanometer hybridization effects of a high polymer nano-material in the nanofiltration membrane are made full use of, so hydrophilic performance, antioxidation performance and anti-pollution performance of the nanofiltration membrane are improved, and the nanofiltration membrane has the advantages of low pollution, great flux and a high removal rate. The preparation method is scientific and reasonable, enables the nanometer composite nanofiltration membrane with a specific nanoparticle and polyamide hybridized desalination layer to be prepared and has higher ion selectivity, low pollution capability and temperature stability.

An integrated dry gas fuel cell (IDG-FC) is provided. The IDG-FC includes at least one solid oxide fuel cell having an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode. The IDG-FC further includes a conversion bed, where carbon dioxide gas is provided to the conversion bed to convert carbon monoxide gas from the carbon dioxide gas. Solid carbonaceous fuel is provided to the conversion bed to promote the gas conversion. The carbon monoxide is provided as fuel to the anode, and air is supplied to the cathode to provide oxygen for oxidation of the carbon monoxide at the anode to generate electric power. This new process does not require water, and supplies the oxygen required for the oxidation reaction through an ionically selective solid oxide electrolyte membrane.

The invention discloses a composite graphene ion exchange membrane for a flow battery and a preparation method thereof. The composite graphene ion exchange membrane comprises a sulfonation polymer which serves as an ion exchange membrane matrix and graphene and / or graphene derivatives doped in the ion exchange membrane matrix. The preparation method is a method for preparing the composite graphene ion exchange membrane. Compared with the prior art, the graphene and / or graphene derivatives are introduced into the sulfonation polymer for modification, and the graphene with a two-dimensional lamellar structure and / or graphene derivatives can improve the stability of the composite ion exchange membrane through the interaction between the graphene and the polymer molecules, and can serve as an obstacle (barrier) of active substance penetration in the ion exchange membrane so as to improve the ion selectivity of the composite ion exchange membrane. The sulfonation polymer-composite graphene ion exchange membrane is applied to the flow battery, particularly an all vanadium redox flow battery, and high battery efficiency and stable battery performance can be obtained.

The invention provides a method for preparing battery-level lithium carbonate by using salt lake brine. The method uses salt lake brine in Qinghai as a raw material and uses an ion selectivity separation device to transfer magnesium and lithium ions in the raw material of the brine under the effect of an electric field; when the raw material of the brine passes through a separation membrane with selectivity, monovalent ions, such as the lithium ions and sodium ions can pass through, but divalent ions, such as magnesium ions and calcium ions can be separated, so that lithium-enrichment brine with a low ratio of magnesium to lithium is obtained after the separation; impurities, such as Ca<2+>, K<+>, SO4<2-> and Mg<2+>, in the lithium-enrichment brine with the low ratio of the magnesium to the lithium can be deeply removed; an auxiliary material of a pure alkali solution can be purified; the lithium-enrichment brine after deep removal of the impurities is subjected to three-effect evaporation and concentration after neutralizing with acid; alkali is added into the concentrated lithium-enrichment brine at a certain temperature for lithium sedimentation; and finally, the finished product of the battery-level lithium carbonate can be obtained by drying and cooling after filter press, washing and centrifugal separation washing are carried out. The battery-level lithium carbonate meets the requirements of the local standard DB63 / T1113-2012 (brine battery lithium carbonate) in the Qinghai Province.

An ion-selective electrode including a water-impermeable, non-conductive substrate; an electrically conductive layer including a metal / metal salt mixture supported on a surface of the substrate; a hydrophobic, conductive intermediate layer in contact with the metal / metal salt layer and including a salt having suitable ionic mobility such that an electrode potential is rapidly established; a layer including an ion-specific ligand in contact with the intermediate layer; and a water-impermeable barrier layer which overlays the layer including the ion-specific ligand such that a portion of this layer is uncovered, and a method for preparing same, is described. The present ion-selective electrode permits rapid, reproducible measurements of ion concentrations to be made without requiring electrode calibration and in the absence of liquid electrolytes.

The invention discloses an inorganic matter-filled poriferous composite membrane for a liquid flow energy-storage cell and a use thereof. The inorganic matter-filled poriferous composite membrane for a liquid flow energy-storage cell is characterized in that one or more of organic polymer resins and sulfonated organic polymer resins are prepared into a poriferous diaphragm as a matrix; inorganic matter particles are filled into apertures of the matrix so that the inorganic matter-filled poriferous composite membrane is obtained; and the inorganic matter particles are prepared from one or more of silicon oxide, zirconia, titanium oxide, lead oxide, tungsten oxide and zirconium phosphate. The inorganic matter-filled poriferous composite membrane can be prepared by simple processes, has controllable apertures, is suitable for large-scale production, has high ion selectivity, hydrophily and ion conductivity, can realize ion transport without introduction of any ion exchange groups, and broadens a selection scope of liquid flow energy-storage cell membrane materials.

The invention provides ion exchange and electrochemical methods and devices employing anion exchange polymers produced by substantially simultaneous quaternization and polymerization reactions. Anion selective polymers are produced in accordance with the invention by combining, an ethylenic tertiary amine monomer, an alkylating agent having a boiling point temperature of at least about 100° C., and a cross-linking agent in the presence of a polymerizing agent for a time and at a temperature sufficient to form the polymer. The alkylating agent and the cross-linking agent may be the same compound, a cross-linking alkylating agent. The polymers may be produced in the presence of solvents and / or in the presence of diluting monomers which are incorporated into the polymers.

A hand-held portable drug monitoring system to detect and quantitate cocaine and other organic drugs in saliva, sweat, and surface wipes by using an ion selective electrode or an array of ion selective electrodes. The ion selective electrode has a cast membrane reference electrode and a sensing electrode with a hydrophobic polymer, a plasticizer, and an ionophore selective for the organic drug to be tested. The ion selective electrode can be connected to a converter that coverts a voltage reading from the ion selective electrode to a quantitative drug concentration level. Also disclosed is the related method of using an ion selective electrode to detect an organic drug in saliva, sweat, and surface wipes, the method of testing electrical contact in an ion selective electrode, and the method of making a cast membrane reference electrode.

The invention relates to the technical field of nano filtration membrane and preparation thereof, and especially relates to a composite nano filtration membrane with a high selectivity on removing divalent ions and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method is characterized in that a mixedly crosslinking desalination layer and a charged grafted functional layer for enhancing ion selectivity are arranged on a polysulfone porous support layer; through the mixed crosslinking of aromatic amine and aliphatic amine, the molecular crosslinking structure of the desalination layer is adjusted, thus the crosslinking desalination layer has a unique smooth particle accumulation structure, which is better than the structure of a conventional nano filtration membrane desalination layer; and moreover, the introduced charged grafted functional layer enhances the effect of charge density and groups in ion selectivity and ion rejection. So that the sodium chloride desalination rate of the prepared composite nano filtrate membrane is less than 40%, the magnesium chloride desalination rate is more than 97%, the magnesium sulfate desalination rate is more than 98%, the calcium chloride desalination rate is more than 93%; the removal ratio of monovalent ion to divalent ion is high, the monovalent ions and divalent ions can be effectively separated, and the selective removal of divalent ions is improved.

The present invention provides a new design for high capacity stationary phases for dianion selective ion chromatography. The stationary phases include one or more layers which are products of condensation polymerization. Multiple components are of use in forming the first polymer layer and the condensation polymer structure, thereby providing a stationary phase that can be engineered to have a desired property such as ion capacity, ion selectivity, and the like. Exemplary condensation polymers are formed by the reaction of at least one polyfunctional compound with at least one compound of complimentary reactivity, e.g., a nucleophilic polyfunctional compound reacting with an electrophilic compound.

The invention relates to fluorescent probe detection, in particular to a derivative L of rhodamine B, preparation thereof and use thereof. The derivative L of the rhodamine B has a structural formula (I). The preparation method of the derivative L of the rhodamine B comprises: firstly, reacting the product of the hydrazinolysis of the rhodamine B with glyoxal to obtain an intermediate compound; and secondly, reacting the intermediate compound with benzyldithiocarbazate in a molar ratio of 1:1 in absolute ethanol under a refluxing condition for 4 to 6 hours, cooling, filtering precipitated solid, washing with absolute ethanol and ethyl ether in turn and drying under vacuum to obtain a target compound. The derivative L of rhodamine B can serve as a fluorescent probe. In the invention, the derivative L of rhodamine B is obtained by an effective synthesis means, the copper ion selectivity is high, and the detection of copper ions can be realized on the basis of optimized experimental conditions.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a porous separation membrane. The invention also relates to a redox flow energy storage battery comprising the porous polymer separation membrane disclosed by the invention, and particularity relates to a vanadium redox flow battery. A membrane material is simple in preparation method, good in chemical stability, and good in aperture controllability, and can be easily produced in the large scale. By using the prepared membrane material, the separation of different ions can be effectively achieved, and the ion selectivity of the membrane is kept. By adopting the method, the concentration range of a casting membrane solution is widened, the capacity of regulating and controlling the membrane structure through the concentration of the casting membrane solution is expanded, and the method is applicable to application of all membrane structures which are adjusted through the concentration of the casting membrane solution.

A composite cathode material used for a lithium-sulfur battery and having high-rate performance comprises a conductive agent, electrochemical active substances and a modifier, wherein the conductive agent adopts a mesoporous carbon material, the electrochemical active substances are dispersed in holes of the mesoporous carbon material, and the modifier is introduced in a chemical bonding manner to adjust the property of the holes, so that lithium ions freely pass to inhibit passing of polysulfide ions. According to the composite cathode material, by means of the characteristic of selective passing of ions, efficient immigration and moving out of the lithium ions in the cathode material can be guaranteed, meanwhile, lithium polysulfide is effectively inhibited from overflowing from the holes of the mesoporous carbon material in a charge-discharge process, and dissolution of lithium polysulfide in an electrolyte is inhibited. Therefore, the composite cathode material can have excellent high-rate performance and can effectively reduce influence of active substance loss as well as lithium cathode corrosion, fast capacity fading and the like caused by a shuttling effect because of lithium polysulfide dissolution, and the cycle performance of the lithium-sulfur battery is remarkably improved.

The invention relates to application of a polymer porous separation membrane in a liquid flow energy storage battery. The porous separation membrane is a polyvinylidene fluoride porous separation membrane with controllable pore diameter, wherein the molecular weight of polyvinylidene fluoride is between 10,000 and 100,000, the pore diameter of the porous membrane is distributed in the range of 0.1-500nm, the porosity is 30-90 percent, and the membrane thickness is 30-1,000um. The membrane materials are simple in preparation method, good in chemical stability and controllable in pore diameter, and large-scale production can be easily realized; The prepared membrane material can easily realize separation of ions with different valence states, and keep the ion selectivity of membranes. Furthermore, the membrane materials can transfer ions without introducing any ion exchange groups, so that the selection range of liquid flow energy storage battery membrane materials can be expanded.

The invention provides a preparation method and applications of graphene aerogel. The graphene aerogel is prepared by the following steps: oxidizing a graphene water solution, and then preparing the graphene aerogel through a hydrothermal method. The graphene aerogel can be used as an ion-selective electrode, and can be especially used as an ion-selective electrode to detect the nitrate ions. The graphene aerogel is innovatively used as an ion-selective electrode applied in electrochemical detection, the detection results are excellent, and the application range of graphene aerogel based materials is enlarged.

The invention relates to use of a crosslinking type polybenzimidazole porous separating membrane in a liquid flow battery, and the porous membrane material is a crosslinking type polybenzimidazole polymer material. The porous membrane prepared by the invention is used in the liquid flow battery, by use of a cross-linking method and controlling of the crosslinking reaction, the membrane material oxidation stability and ion selectivity can be improved, the function of an ion exchange membrane in the liquid flow battery can be realized, the problem of capacity attenuation of a porous diaphragm can be effectively solved, the aperture of the porous membrane can be further regulated by change of variety of the polymer and the crosslinking agent of the composite membrane, ion selectivity of the porous membrane can be effectively improved, and the membrane material has the advantages of simple preparation method, controllable pore size, low cost, and easy implementation of large batch production.

The invention relates to a method for purifying a degraded amine solution. In the method, solid purities, thermal stable salts and degraded products in an alcohol amine solution are removed by filtration, impurity removal and a strong alkali-weak alkali mixed resin purification process. Solid granules in the alcohol amine solution are removed by using a filter medium such as a molecular sieve, active carbon or an ion exchange membrane or the like; and then the filtered alcohol amine solution is subjected to ion exchange through strong alkali-weak alkali mixed resin to remove the thermal stable salts and the degraded products in the alcohol amine solution. When the pressure drop of the amine solution passing through the filter medium is over high and the airspeed is low, the filter medium is regenerated or replaced, and the regenerated resin is recycled. The method has the advantages that: the loss of the resin can be reduced by filtration and impurity removal, regeneration of the resin is favorable, and the regeneration cost is reduced; and synchronous removal of multiple ions in the alcohol amine solution can be realized by using different ion selectivity of the strong alkali-weak alkali mixed resin, and the removal efficiency is improved.

The present invention discloses a method using 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone thiosemicarbazone compound as a fluorescent probe to detect copper ions, and belongs to the technical field of optical analysis detection. The recognition effect of the 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone thiosemicarbazone compound and various metal ions is investigated and studied experimentally, a good copper ion selective recognition effect of probe molecule ESN is found, due to the solubility of hydroxyl and water, the probe molecule can achieve the fluorescence identification of the copper ions in an aqueous solution, a better result can be achieved under physiological pH condition, the method is green, specific in copper ion selectivity and relatively high in sensitivity, and can play fluorescence quenching role in short reaction time, and the probe molecule can be successfully applied to the detection of the copper ions in biological living cells.

A mass spectrometer capable of realizing a high-sensitivity ion analysis and a high ion selectivity performance. The mass spectrometer includes the ion source where ions are produced, the ion trap where ions are accumulated, isolated, dissociated, and ejected, the detector to detect ions to be detected, and the controller to control operations of the ion trap. It has the features that the total ion accumulation in or just before each period is calculated based on the result obtained from the mass spectrometry in the preceding period, and that in at least one out of all periods, the condition of voltage applied to the ion trap is corrected depending on the total ion accumulation. Compared to the related art, the mass spectrometer of the present invention provides much improved performance in analysis sensitivity and ion selectivity.

The invention belongs to the technical field of ion selective separators, and in particular relates to an ion selective separator for a lithium sulfur secondary battery, and a preparation method and an application method of the ion selective separator. According to the ion selective separator provided by the invention, the separator of the lithium sulfur battery is made from an ion selective material or a compound structure of the ion selective material, and the shortcomings of quite low charging and discharging efficiency and quite poor battery performance stability caused by the dispersion of polysulfide of an original lithium sulfur battery between the anode and the cathode are conquered. As the selective transmission of the lithium cation is allowed to transmit and the transmission of the polysulfide anion is blocked in an electrolyte system of the lithium sulfur battery, the whole electrochemical performance of the battery system is improved. Targeted at that the original separator system only provides the single type function of electron insulation between the anode and the cathode, the ion selective separator provided by the invention can simultaneously achieve the two functions of electron insulation and ion selective transmission and has the potential to provide a new solution scheme for the technical obstacles of polysulfide migration inhibition and the like of the lithium sulfur battery, and the practicability of the sulfur in the lithium sulfur secondary battery can be promoted with a high-capacity anode material used in combination.

The invention relates to a fluorescent probe for detecting sulfur ions in mitochondria. The fluorescent probe is an RhS fluorescent probe, and the structural general formula of the RhS fluorescent probe is shown in the formula (I). The fluorescent probe can be rapidly positioned in the mitochondria and used for performing online real-time detection on the sulfur ions and hydrogen sulfide ions in the mitochondria. In addition, the probe also has relatively good chemical and optical stability, relatively good solubility and bio-compatibility and relatively high sulfur ion selectivity without interferences caused by other species such as reactive oxygen, reactive nitrogen and the like. Laser confocal imaging experiments show that the probe has relatively good cell permeability without causing toxic or side effects to cells and organisms.

The invention provides a preparation method of a monovalent ion selective composite film based on a template method. The method comprises the following steps of firstly, preparing polycation electrolyte aqueous solution A containing template ions and polyanion electrolyte aqueous solution B for self assembling; secondly, soaking a pretreated basal film in the solution A, flushing after soaking, then soaking the pretreated basal film in the solution B, flushing in the same way to finish two-layer assembling, and repeatedly soaking until the final assembling layers are 2-30; thirdly, placing the composite film in solution of a cross-linking agent to perform crosslinking after the composite film is subjected to self assembling layer by layer; and finally, soaking the prepared composite film by using diluted hydrochloric acid and the like to obtain the monovalent ion selective composite film based on the template method. The monovalent ion selective composite film can be used for conveniently separating monovalent sodium ions and monovalent potassium ions in seawater from polyvalent calcium ions and polyvalent magnesium ions in the seawater, and is stable in separation property and wide in application range.

The invention relates to the field of detection and analysis of lead ion concentration and discloses a lead ion fluorescent DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) probe. The lead ion fluorescent DNA probe comprises double strands formed by hybridizing 17E deoxyribozyme with a substrate strand, wherein the tail end of the substrate strand is modified by FAM (Carboxyfluorescein). The invention also discloses a fluorescent determination method for the lead ion concentration by using the probe. The fluorescent detection of the lead ion concentration of a sample to be detected is carried out by taking the lead ion fluorescent DNA probe as an identification element of a lead ion, the FAM for modifying the tail end of the substrate strand as a fluorescent signal molecule and a colloidal gold nanoparticle as a fluorescence quencher according to the fluorescent signal difference generated when the FAM and the lead ion fluorescent DNA probe are subjected to single-double-strand combination. The fluorescent determination method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high sensitivity, favorable selectivity for the lead ion, low cost, convenience in operation, quickness in detection and the like.

The invention discloses a battery positive electrode based on nitrogen-doped carbonized bacterial cellulose, a lithium-sulfur battery and preparation methods therefor. An N source required in a bacterial cellulose biological culture process is adopted for N doping to prepare a battery positive electrode material; a battery sandwich layer with strong adsorption capacity is prepared by compounding of a super-light carbonized bacterial cellulose sandwich layer and porous carbon; a battery diaphragm material is prepared by combination of an ion selectivity barrier layer Nafion and bacterial cellulose aerogel; and the battery positive electrode based on the nitrogen-doped carbonized bacterial cellulose, the carbonized bacterial cellulose functional sandwich layer, and the Nafion / BC diaphragm are assembled into the lithium-sulfur battery. By virtue of the N element doping, the functional sandwich layer introducing and joint use of the Nafion / BC diaphragm, the dispersion of polysulfide to a lithium negative electrode is controlled in a multi-dimension manner, so that multi-level suppression specific to the dispersion of polysulfide is realized, and a shuttle effect is effectively controlled; and the assembled Li-S battery has high specific capacity, high coulombic efficiency and stable cycle performance.

The present invention provides a new design for high capacity stationary phases for chromatography, for example, ion chromatography. The stationary phases include a first polymer layer in contact with and at least partially coating the substrate of the stationary phase. The first polymer layer serves as a foundation for the attachment, and in various embodiments, the growth and attachment, of a highly hyperbranched polymer structure, typically based on one or more products of condensation polymerization. Multiple components are of use in forming the first polymer layer and the hyperbranched polymer structure, thereby providing a stationary phase that can be engineered to have a desired property such as ion capacity, ion selectivity, and the like. Exemplary condensation polymers are formed by the reaction of at least one polyfunctional compound with at least one compound of complimentary reactivity, e.g., a nucleophilic polyfunctional compound reacting with an electrophilic compound.