493 results about "Ion selectivity" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum ash washing filtrate recycling intelligent control, in particular to an aluminum ash washing filtrate recycling intelligent control device and method, and the device comprises a multi-parameter online detection module, a data processing optimization module, a process parameter execution module and a filtrate circulation module. The multi-parameter online detection module is used for cooperatively detecting the real-time concentration of trace impurity ions such as fluorine, potassium and sodium through an ion selective electrode array and a micro spectrum analyzer; predicting the dissolution trend of impurity ions through an LSTM model and generating a process parameter adjustment instruction; the process parameter execution module regulates and controls the stirring strength, the liquid-solid ratio and the water-ash contact time in a linkage manner; and the filtrate circulating module is used for buffering, homogenizing and proportionally mixing the washed liquid phase to generate a regenerated leaching medium for recycling. According to the method, the detection data and the model decision are dynamically matched through the closed-loop control process, and the impurity element removal efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a screen cloth enhanced polybenzimidazole porous membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: fully mixing polybenzimidazole, a polar solvent and a template to obtain a mixed solution, coating a base material with the mixed solution, placing a polymer mesh on the previous base material, and carrying out in-situ compounding, polar solvent removal and film formation to obtain a compact mesh reinforced polybenzimidazole film; and then carrying out in-situ etching treatment to prepare the screen cloth enhanced polybenzimidazole porous membrane. The size and connectivity of ion channels in the membrane can be regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the type and content of templates in the membrane casting process, and the polybenzimidazole porous layer can be ultrathin by combining the effect of enhancing the mechanical property of the polymer mesh cloth, so that the mass transfer resistance of the polybenzimidazole porous separation layer is remarkably reduced, and the performance of the membrane is improved. The mesh-reinforced polybenzimidazole porous membrane has good dimensional stability and pore uniformity, and has the characteristics of high ion selectivity, high ion conductivity and high stability.

The invention provides an alkali metal group ion selective permeable membrane, a preparation method and a lithium, rubidium and cesium extraction method and system, and the membrane is prepared by taking polyphenylene sulfide, Zr (HPO4) 2 and a high-molecular polymer adhesive as raw materials through mixing, fibration treatment and compression molding processes. Based on the weak dipole adsorption characteristic between the sulfur position of high-crystallization polyphenylene sulfide and alkali metal cations, efficient screening of monovalent alkali metal ions (Li < + >, Rb < + > and Cs < + >) and multivalent impurity ions (Mg < 2 + >, Al < 3 + > and Fe < 2 + >) is achieved, and the method can be used for extracting rubidium and cesium. The ion selective permeable membrane has excellent mechanical properties, high separation efficiency and corrosion resistance, and is low in production cost; and finally, the multiple targets of lepidolite leaching liquid impurity removal and lithium rubidium cesium synergistic extraction are achieved.

The invention discloses a composite membrane with MXene directionally modified by alpha-cyclodextrin and a preparation method of the composite membrane, and belongs to the field of ion separation membrane materials, the composite membrane comprises MXene nanosheets and alpha-cyclodextrin; the MXene nanosheets are stacked layer by layer to form a sub-nano channel convenient for ions to pass through, and the alpha-cyclodextrin is connected to the end parts of the MXene nanosheets to form an interlayer channel inlet of the sub-nano channel; an interlayer channel inlet formed by alpha-cyclodextrin can select monovalent ions, the monovalent / divalent ion selectivity of the composite membrane exceeds 10 < 3 >, a sub-nano channel formed by MXene enables the monovalent ions to be transported smoothly, rapid transport of the monovalent ions is guaranteed, and the flux of the monovalent ions reaches 0.1 mol m <-2 > h <-1 >; therefore, the composite membrane provided by the invention can realize synchronous improvement of ion selectivity and ion flux; the structural stability of the composite membrane is improved, and the service life is prolonged.

The invention relates to a monovalent ion selective cation exchange membrane and a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing polyethyleneimine and a cross-linking agent to obtain a pre-polymerized solution; coating the surface of a cationic base membrane with the pre-polymerized solution, and then heating to carry out a cross-linking reaction, so as to obtain a base membrane after surface cross-linking; and soaking the base membrane subjected to surface crosslinking in an oil phase solution of acyl chloride monomers, and carrying out interfacial polymerization reaction to obtain the monovalent ion selective cation exchange membrane. Through the synergistic effect of a three-dimensional network structure constructed through cross-linking reaction and a selective separation layer constructed through interfacial polymerization, the Li < + > / Mg < 2 + > separation coefficient can be increased, and long-acting and stable operation is achieved.

The invention provides a COF (at) POC composite film and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: a) dissolving a COF aldehyde monomer and a POC aldehyde monomer in an organic solvent to obtain a first solution; meanwhile, dissolving a COF amine monomer and a POC amine monomer in an organic solvent to obtain a second solution; b) mixing the first solution, the second solution and an acetic acid solution to obtain a homogeneous membrane casting solution; and c) dispensing the homogeneous casting membrane liquid, and reacting to obtain the COF (at) POC composite membrane. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that specific raw materials are matched with specific process steps and conditions, the overall better interaction is realized, and the prepared COF-POC composite membrane is good in mechanical strength and has high ion flux and excellent ion selectivity for monovalent and divalent ion separation; the method has a wide application prospect in the fields of seawater desalination, salt lake lithium extraction, drug separation and the like.

The invention discloses a preparation and application method of a modified ion exchange membrane for electrodialysis, aiming at the problems of poor selectivity, low mechanical strength, high energy consumption and the like of the existing ion exchange membrane, the high-performance modified membrane is prepared by a base membrane pretreatment-functional grafting-gradient curing synergistic process. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: performing ultrasonic cleaning and acid-base activation on a polyethersulfone or sulfonated polystyrene-based membrane, soaking the polyethersulfone or sulfonated polystyrene-based membrane in a modification solution containing an amino / carboxyl / sulfo functional monomer, a cross-linking agent and an initiator, and performing gradient heating curing to form a stable cross-linked network; the grafting rate of the modified membrane is 15-35%, the ion exchange capacity is 1.8-2.5 mmol / g, the water content is 25-40%, and the membrane surface resistance is less than 3 omega.cm < 2 >. When the membrane is applied to an electrodialysis device, the membrane runs under the conditions of 10-30V direct-current voltage, 5-15cm / s flow velocity and 25-45 DEG C, the high-salinity wastewater desalination rate is greater than or equal to 95%, and the monovalent ion selectivity coefficient reaches 5.8-7.2; when the catalyst is used for acid-base recovery, the H < + > migration number is 0.92-0.96, and the energy consumption is reduced by 18-25%.

The invention provides a heterostructure salinity difference energy conversion film based on HOF / two-dimensional mesoporous carbon as well as a preparation method and application of the heterostructure salinity difference energy conversion film. The salinity difference energy conversion film comprises a two-dimensional mesoporous carbon layer serving as a hydrophobic layer and a hydrogen bond organic framework layer which covers one surface of the hydrophobic layer and serves as a hydrophilic layer, wherein the two-dimensional mesoporous carbon layer is formed by compounding a two-dimensional mesoporous carbon material with regular nanopores and aramid nanofibers; the hydrogen bond organic framework layer is formed by compounding a hydrogen bond organic framework material and aramid nanofibers; the heterogeneous Janus structure salinity gradient energy conversion membrane is constructed by adopting a hydrogen bond organic framework and a two-dimensional mesoporous carbon material, and when the heterogeneous Janus structure salinity gradient energy conversion membrane is applied to salinity gradient energy conversion, high ion selectivity, high structural stability and high ion migration flux can be considered.

An object is to provide a micro-analysis chip in which a satisfactory area of contact between a specimen and an ion-selective membrane and an adequate amount of the specimen that reacts with the ion-selective membrane can be secured, and which is excellent both in measurement sensitivity and in ion selectivity. In order to achieve the object, a micro-analysis chip as described below is provided. That is, provided is a micro-analysis chip including a channel region which is surrounded by a channel wall provided inside a porous substrate. The channel region includes a first channel chamber containing a reference electrode, a second channel chamber containing a working electrode. The working electrode is covered with an ion-selective membrane containing an ingredient that has ion selectivity. The ion-selective membrane has an exposed surface serving as a dispensing section to which a specimen is dispensed.

The invention discloses a crown ether cation selective separation membrane and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out super acid catalysis on dibenzo-18-crown-6, terphenyl and isatin in dichloromethane to synthesize a precursor; carrying out affinity substitution reaction on the precursor and a flexible side chain with an ion exchange group through a pre-modification method to obtain a functional precursor; dissolving the functionalized precursor in an organic solvent to form a film casting solution, coating on a glass plate, and heating to volatilize the solvent so as to form a film through curing; and taking down the membrane from the glass plate, acidifying in an acidic aqueous solution, washing with deionized water, and extracting with deionized water to obtain the crown ether cation selective separation membrane. The crown ether cation selective separation membrane has the advantages of relatively high mechanical strength, physical and chemical stability and the like. Meanwhile, the crown ether cation selective separation membrane shows performance superior to that of a commercial membrane in the field of monovalent cation separation, and has wide application prospects in the fields of TMAH purification, salt lake lithium extraction, seawater salt extraction and the like.

The invention belongs to the technical field of membranes, and discloses a monovalent / divalent cation selective separation membrane based on an intrinsic microporous polymer, and the preparation route of the membrane is as follows: taking an ether-free polymer synthesized by super acid catalysis as a precursor, introducing an ion exchange site into the polymer by utilizing grafting of a sulfonated monomer, and preparing the monovalent / divalent cation selective separation membrane based on the intrinsic microporous polymer. And improving the separation performance of monovalent ions / divalent ions by using an alkoxy chain graft with specific interaction on the monovalent ions, and greatly improving the mechanical strength of the membrane by using the interaction of hydrogen bonds between main and side chains, thereby finally obtaining the monovalent / divalent cation selective separation membrane. According to the present invention, the industrial production difficulty is significantly reduced by the full solvation reaction membrane synthesis route, the selectivity of the prepared membrane material is superior to the selectivity of the commercial membrane of the same type, the extremely high mechanical strength is maintained, and the large-scale production and application potential is provided.

The invention discloses an ancient tree health state monitoring method based on digital twinning, and relates to the field of ancient tree health monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: collecting point cloud data and texture data of an ancient tree, and constructing an initial three-dimensional model of the ancient tree; a micro ion selective electrode array is deployed in an ancient tree root distribution area, Ca2 and K + ion flow velocity changes are detected through a constant potential rectifier, and the mycorrhizal symbiosis index is calculated in combination with soil temperature and humidity data; uploading the mycorrhizal symbiosis index to a digital twinborn body, and displaying the active state of a root system area in an initial three-dimensional model of the ancient tree in a three-dimensional thermodynamic diagram form; a 16-channel MOX gas sensor electronic nose array is installed on the surface of a trunk of an ancient tree, and volatile organic compound (VOC) concentration data of the ancient tree are collected. According to the invention, a micro electrode array with a 45-degree inclination angle is adopted to non-destructively monitor the ion flow velocity of a root system through the mycorrhizal symbiosis index detection unit, and a three-dimensional thermodynamic diagram is generated in combination with an inverse distance weighted interpolation algorithm, so that dynamic visualization of underground mycorrhizal activity is realized.

An ion sensor is disclosed that includes an ion selective electrode including a first internal solid layer including a first insertion material, and a first ion conductive ceramic, an ion selective membrane provided on the first internal solid layer, a reference electrode including a second internal solid layer including a second insertion material, and a second ion conductive ceramic, an ionic liquid containing membrane provided on the second internal solid layer, and an insulator on which the ion selective electrode and the reference electrode are arranged.

The invention discloses a lithium-magnesium separation membrane based on pore size screening-coordination synergy as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of membrane separation. The surface of a porous ultrafiltration membrane is used as a water phase-oil phase interface, and polyamine monomers in a diamine / lithium ion selective coordination molecule / surfactant mixed aqueous solution and polyacyl chloride monomers in an organic phase are subjected to interfacial polymerization reaction at the interface, so that a polyamide separation layer is formed; the surfactant regulates diffusion and distribution of amine monomers to form a narrow-aperture polyamide network; wherein lithium ion selective coordination molecules are embedded in the narrow-aperture polyamide network under the action of hydrogen bonds and the like to form a lithium ion selective channel, so that the lithium-magnesium separation membrane based on aperture screening-coordination synergy is obtained. The retention rate of the lithium-magnesium separation membrane to a 1000ppm MgCl2 aqueous solution is as high as 95% or above, and the retention rate of the lithium-magnesium separation membrane to a 1000ppm LiCl aqueous solution is as low as 50% or below.

Specifically, firstly, montmorillonite (MMT) powder is stripped into a nanosheet layer by using an ultrasonic dispersion technology, a two-dimensional layered structure of the nanosheet layer forms rich nanoscale ion channels, and an efficient path is provided for ion directional migration in salinity gradient power generation; meanwhile, after the cellulose is stripped and dispersed by a DMSO solution, a uniform polymer network is formed, the uniform polymer network is used as a substrate material to improve the mechanical strength of the film, and the interfacial ion adsorption and conduction capability is optimized through hydrophilic groups. When the MMT nanosheet and the cellulose suspension are mixed, the MMT nanosheet and the cellulose suspension form an interpenetrating network structure through physical winding and electrostatic interaction, ordered stacking is achieved through vacuum filtration, and finally the composite film with both ion selectivity and structural stability is formed on the substrate. The preparation process is high in material adaptability, green and controllable in preparation process, high in competitiveness in large-scale production and practical application and beneficial to popularization.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an ether-containing side chain modified cation selective separation membrane, which comprises the following steps: by taking an own microporous polymer as a precursor for preparing a membrane material, realizing an ion exchange function of the membrane material through grafting a sulfonated monomer; on the basis, the transmission difference of different ions in the membrane is further realized through grafting of ether-bond-containing micromolecular monomers, the ion selectivity is constructed, and the prepared membrane material has the ion separation performance superior to that of a current commercial cation selective separation membrane. The industrial production difficulty is remarkably reduced by the membrane synthesis preparation route of the solution grafting reaction, the large-scale production is easy to realize, and the prepared membrane material can reach the ion flux of industrial-grade electrodialysis and is expected to realize large-scale application.

The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to a composite proton exchange membrane and a preparation method thereof. According to the prepared composite proton exchange membrane, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin capable of being industrially applied is selected as a base membrane material, and the modified polybenzimidazole polymer resin is added, so that the problem of high ion permeation rate of a perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane in the prior art is solved; interpenetration and permeation of the electrolyte in the use process of the perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane can be reduced, cross contamination of positive and negative electrolyte is greatly reduced, and the service life of the electrolyte is prolonged. The PBI is functionalized, so that the proton transmission capacity of the PBI is improved, and the proton exchange membrane formed by blending the functionalized PBI and the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin can keep excellent vanadium resistance, excellent proton transmission capacity and relatively high ion selectivity at the same time. The preparation process is simple, and the prepared proton exchange membrane can meet the performance and long-term stability use requirements of a flow battery.

The invention relates to a crown ether-loaded solid bubble lithium adsorbent as well as a preparation method and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of lithium adsorption, and solves the problems of low adsorption rate, low adsorption capacity, poor ion selective adsorbability, complex synthesis process, difficulty in separation and recovery, poor regeneration capacity and water environment pollution during lithium extraction of an existing crown ether material. The method comprises the following steps: activating solid bubbles by adopting an alkaline solution; modifying the activated solid bubbles by using a coupling agent; and reacting a crown ether monomer with a lithium salt in a solvent, adding the modified solid bubbles, a catalyst, a cross-linking agent and an initiator, continuously reacting, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing, drying and eluting. The method is simple and environment-friendly, the stably immobilized crown ether is introduced to the surface of the solid bubble through chemical grafting, and the lithium adsorption performance of the crown ether is improved; the solid bubbles with low density and high stability can endow the adsorbent with the self-floating characteristic, the regeneration performance of crown ether is remarkably improved, and pollution to the water environment is reduced.

The invention discloses an anionic surfactant and a preparation method and application thereof.The anionic surfactant has a double-wedge-shaped molecular structure, alkaline earth metal benzene sulfonate serves as a polar hydrophilic wedge tip, a long-chain alkoxy flexible chain segment serves as a hydrophobic wedge group, the surface tension of water can be remarkably reduced in an aqueous solution, and the anionic surfactant has excellent emulsifying capacity. The molecular structure is based on alkaline earth metal benzene sulfonate and has good thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystallinity, the liquid crystal phase temperature range of the molecular structure exceeds 140 DEG C, and the phase transition temperature and the mesogenic state temperature range can be controlled by adjusting the number of carbon atoms of an alkoxy substituent. When in a mesogenic state, the molecules can form a supramolecular columnar phase through self-assembly aggregation, and the columnar structure can form a transmission channel with ion recognition in the column center direction. By utilizing the characteristic, a novel bionic ion selective conduction membrane can be constructed, and the biomimetic ion selective conduction membrane has wide application potential in the aspects of preparation of ion selective electrodes and chemical sensors and the like.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a cation selective separation membrane for ion separation, which comprises the following steps: selecting a PNA polymer with pi-pi interaction, hydrogen bond and microporous network structure as a precursor of a membrane material, and introducing a sulfonated side chain into a membrane matrix to construct an efficient ion exchange site; and by introducing an alkoxy chain to promote high-efficiency transmission of the monovalent cations, a dense network structure is formed through ultraviolet crosslinking after the homogeneous membrane liquid is coated and dried, and the transmission channel of the monovalent cations is further optimized. The efficient and convenient one-pot ternary polymerization technology is adopted, the synthesis steps of the membrane material are simplified, the production efficiency is improved, the uniformity of the product is ensured, the prepared separation membrane shows high ion flux and ion selectivity in electrodialysis application, and the separation membrane can be applied to electrodialysis. The method has huge application potential and market prospect in the industrial fields of salt lake lithium extraction, chlor-alkali industry, waste acid treatment and the like.

A lithium metal electrode has no more than five ppm of non-metallic elements by mass, and is bonded to a conductive substrate. Optionally, the lithium metal electrode may be bonded on one side to a conductive substrate and on another side to a lithium ion selective membrane. The lithium metal electrode may be integrated into lithium metal batteries. The inventive lithium metal electrode may be manufactured by a process involving electrolysis of lithium ions from an aqueous lithium salt solution through an ion selective membrane, carried out under a blanketing atmosphere having no more than 10 ppm of non-metallic elements, the electrolysis being performed at a constant current between about 10 mA / cm2 and about 50 mA / cm2, and wherein the constant current is applied for a time between about 1 minute and about 60 minutes.

The invention discloses a heat-resistant stable perfluorosulfonic acid composite proton exchange membrane and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of proton exchange membranes. The perfluorosulfonic acid composite proton exchange membrane is composed of a perfluorosulfonic acid resin base membrane and a composite layer, the composite layer comprises aramid nanofiber (ANF), graphene oxide, sulfonated graphene and a core-shell structure inorganic phase (silicotungstic acid (at) SiO2), and a three-dimensional cross-linked network is formed through a gradient heat treatment process; and coating a perfluorosulfonic acid resin base membrane with the membrane casting solution, and carrying out gradient heat treatment after stepped drying to prepare the perfluorosulfonic acid composite proton exchange membrane. The perfluorosulfonic acid composite proton exchange membrane researched and developed by the invention solves the problems of mechanical strength attenuation and insufficient ion selectivity of a traditional proton exchange membrane in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and is suitable for energy equipment such as a fuel cell and a flow battery.

The invention relates to a method for simultaneously detecting fluorine and chlorine contents in lead concentrate by an ion selective electrode method, and belongs to the technical field of new material detection, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a sample into a to-be-detected solution; (2) preparing a fluorine ion electrode standard solution and a chloride ion electrode standard solution; (3) calibrating a fluorine ion standard solution and a chloride ion standard solution; and (4) sample determination and data processing. According to the combined measurement method provided by the invention, through a layered coverage method, optimization of the ratio of potassium hydroxide to potassium nitrate and gradient temperature rise, on the premise of ensuring data quality, an accurate result is conveniently obtained; compared with a fluorine or chlorine testing method commonly used in the market, the method is short in time consumption, simple in equipment and accurate in data; in addition, the combined detection method provided by the invention breaks through the pH limit of traditional single ion detection, and provides a reliable solution for synchronous determination of fluorine and chlorine in a complex matrix sample.

The invention belongs to the technical field of precious metal recovery, and particularly relates to a precious metal adsorbent and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a precious metal adsorbent. The precious metal adsorbent is prepared by crosslinking polyethyleneimine and aromatic diisocyanate, the precious metal adsorbent is insoluble in water and has a porous structure. Amino groups in polyethyleneimine and isocyanate groups in diisocyanate are crosslinked to form a stable amide structure, O functional atoms are introduced into the adsorbent, adsorption sites are increased, the adsorption capacity on precious metal gold is high, and the adsorption effect is good. Moreover, crosslinking enables a polyethyleneimine molecular chain to be expanded, a porous structure is formed, the water-soluble polyethyleneimine is changed into a water-insoluble and acid-base-resistant white solid powder material which can be directly used as a noble metal adsorbent, and the noble metal adsorbent is easier to recover due to the characteristic that the water-insoluble polyethyleneimine is insoluble in water. The adsorbent has the advantages of large adsorption capacity, fast adsorption rate, excellent ion selectivity and good reusability for trivalent gold and divalent palladium.

Disclosed is an electrode comprising a catalyst and an ionic liquid, wherein the catalyst comprises a support and a compound represented by structural formula (I). Also disclosed are methods of making the electrode, and methods of electrochemically reducing CO2, CO, or CO2 / CO mixture to methanol using the electrode.

The invention designs a sandwich structure composite system diaphragm with ion selectivity and multi-size screening to realize high-density and dendrite-free zinc deposition on the surface of a zinc negative electrode and spontaneously inhibit passivation / corrosion of the zinc negative electrode in the circulation process. According to the sandwich structure composite system, a traditional glass fiber diaphragm is used as a substrate, then bacterial cellulose is used as a middle layer, and finally a metal oxide Ti0. 87O2 nanosheet is used as a top layer, so that a macroscopic / microcosmic / molecular pore multi-size screening structure is formed, uniform deposition of zinc can be realized, growth of dendritic crystals can be inhibited, and the long cycle performance of the battery is effectively improved.

The invention discloses a high-stability salinity gradient power generation film, a preparation method and application thereof, and a self-supporting film with an ordered layered structure is prepared by compounding montmorillonite MMT nanosheets and nanocellulose and combining vacuum filtration and gradient drying processes. The MMT nanosheet layered structure provides a directional ion channel, the negative charge surface enhances the cation selectivity, the nanocellulose flexible network inhibits MMT stacking, and the hydrogen-bond interaction improves the interface bonding force. The power density of the thin film reaches 4-6 W / m (50 times of salinity difference), the tensile strength is larger than or equal to 20 MPa, and the power attenuation rate is smaller than or equal to 5% after the thin film continuously operates for 100 hours. The preparation process is green and controllable, is suitable for seawater-river water and industrial wastewater salinity gradient power generation scenes, and has large-scale application potential.

The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to a proton exchange membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method of the proton exchange membrane comprises the step of blending functional resin and an additive to form a membrane, the functional resin comprises one or a combination of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, polybenzimidazole resin, polyether-ether-ketone resin, polyimide resin, polyether sulfone resin and polysulfone resin; the additive is sulfonated MXene; in percentage by mass, the ratio of the functional resin is 80 to 99.9 percent, and the ratio of the additive is 0.1 to 20 percent. The proton exchange membrane prepared by the invention has low ion permeability, high proton conductivity and excellent ion selectivity and mechanical property.

The invention discloses a microphase separation hydrogel electrolyte with ion selectivity and a preparation method and application thereof. The electrolyte is prepared by constructing a microphase separation polymer network composed of a polyanionic polymer and an ion exchange group-containing polymer in a synergistic manner and inducing crosslinking by using metal ions. The formation of a continuous ion transmission channel in the hydrogel is realized. The technical problem that high ionic conductivity and high ionic transference number are difficult to obtain at the same time in a traditional hydrogel electrolyte is solved, spatial unwrapping and selective coordination of a polymer chain segment are induced through a microphase separation structure, and directional construction of an ion channel is achieved; and the ion conductivity of the electrolyte is remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the target ion transference number is further improved. The prepared hydrogel electrolyte has high mechanical stability, high ion flux and excellent ion selectivity, and can be widely applied to high-performance electrochemical devices such as batteries.

Provided is an ion-selective membrane comprising a combination of plasticizers. The ion-selective membrane is used in ion-selective electrodes, sensors and analysers, and in a method for determining the concentration of components in a sample, in particular a blood sample.