157 results about "Monovalent ions" patented technology

A method for producing a set gypsum-containing product comprising an interlocking matrix of set gypsum wherein said method comprises applying to said set gypsum one or more enhancing materials selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid; condensed phosphoric acids, each of which comprises 2 or more phosphoric acid units; and salts or ions of condensed phosphates, each of which comprises 2 or more phosphate units, and monobasic salts or monovalent ions of orthophosphates.

A method for producing a set gypsum-containing product comprising an interlocking matrix of set gypsum wherein said method comprises applying to said set gypsum one or more enhancing materials selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid; condensed phosphoric acids, each of which comprises 2 or more phosphoric acid units; and salts or ions of condensed phosphates, each of which comprises 2 or more phosphate units, and monobasic salts or monovalent ions of orthophosphates.

The invention relates to a method for carrying out desalination and zero-discharge processing of power plant desulphurization wastewater by adopting an electrodialysis technology. The method comprises the following steps: neutralizing, precipitating, coagulating and filtering the power plant desulphurization wastewater and removing CODs (Chemical Oxygen Demands), heavy metals, F-ions, gypsum, silicon dioxide, hydroxide of iron and aluminum and other insoluble particles in waste water; separating C1-ions and other monovalent ions in clear liquid from SO3<2->, SO4<2-> and other divalent ions through nanofiltration; desalinating and concentrating water produced by the nanofiltration by adopting a multistage countercurrent reverse electrodialysis method. The method has the advantages that the concentration of the Cl-ions in nanofiltration concentrated water and electrodialysis freshwater generated by the method is lower, and the nanofiltration concentrated water and the electrodialysis freshwater can be returned for flue gas desulfurization; the content of NaCl in a small amount of electrodialysis concentrated water produced reaches above 12 percent, the bivalent ions and other impurities are removed by nanofiltration, and the electrodialysis concentrated water is further evaporated and concentrated, so that chlorine-alkali industry electrolytes and NaCl salt can be obtained. Through the method, the zero-discharge treatment and the resource utilization of the desulfurization wastewater can be realized.

A method and system using hybrid forward osmosis and nanofiltration is disclosed for treating produced water containing contaminant species. The system comprises a forward osmosis cell and a downstream nanofiltration cell. A draw solution fluid cycles between the forward osmosis cell and the nanofiltration cell. The draw solution contains polyvalent osmotic agents producing polyvalent ions in the draw solution. The passage of monovalent ions through the nanofiltration membrane is hindered due to the presence of conjugate polyvalent ions.

Comb polymers are used as dispersants to increase the stability of colloidal suspensions containing multivalent or high concentrations of monovalent ions. Stabilized colloidal suspensions and methods of forming stabilized colloidal suspensions are described, including suspensions containing ceramic precursors or bioactive agents useful in forming ceramic substrates or pharmaceutical compositions, respectively.

Comb polymers are used as dispersants to increase the stability of colloidal suspensions containing multivalent or high concentrations of monovalent ions. Stabilized colloidal suspensions and methods of forming stabilized colloidal suspensions are described, including suspensions containing ceramic precursors or bioactive agents useful in forming ceramic substrates or pharmaceutical compositions, respectively.

Methods of enhancing recovery of value sulfide or precious minerals from an ore containing Mg-silicate, slime forming minerals, and / or clay by crushing the ore, grinding the ore, and subjecting the ground ore to a flotation process, in conjunction with the addition of at least one monovalent ion modifier enhancing agent and / or froth phase modifier agent to the ore, are provided herein.

The invention relates to a material for wound healing and skin reconstruction containing a peptide, wherein the peptide is a self-assembling peptide which is an amphiphilic peptide having 8 to 200 amino acid residues with periodic repeats of alternating hydrophilic amino acids and hydrophobic amino acids, and forms a stable β-sheet structure in an aqueous solution in the presence of a monovalent ion. The material for wound healing and skin reconstruction of the present invention is capable of healing a wound area of mammals quicker than spontaneous recovery without leaving any scars, wherein the material has no potential risk of infectious disease such as virus transmission.

The invention relates to the technical field of membranes, and particularly relates to a nanofiltration membrane for seawater desalination. The nanofiltration membrane structurally comprises a non-woven cloth layer, a polysulfone porous support layer, an ultrathin porous transition layer and a polyamide cross-linked network desalination layer, wherein the ultrathin porous transition layer with the thickness of 5-10 microns is arranged between the polysulfone porous support layer and the polyamide cross-linked network desalination layer. The invention also relates to a preparation method of the nanofiltration membrane. The preparation method comprises the steps of preparation of the polysulfone porous support layer, preparation of the ultrathin porous transition layer and preparation of the polyamide cross-linked network desalination layer. The impedance and the pollution resistance of the nanofiltration membrane and the discrimination to a monovalent ion and a divalent ion are enhanced; the surface structure, the hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic property and the levelness of the nanofiltration support layer are adjusted effectively, so that the nanofiltration support layer is good in surface smoothness.

The invention provides a resourceful treatment method for desulfuration wastewater. The resourceful treatment method comprises the following steps of (1), carrying out pretreatment on the desulfuration wastewater; (2), carrying out phosphate precipitation treatment on yielding water subjected to the pretreatment; (3), carrying out softening treatment on phosphate precipitated yielding water; (4), carrying out membrane separation treatment on softened yielding water, so as to obtain membrane separated produced water which is rich in monovalent ions and membrane separated thick water which is rich in bivalent and / or multivalent ions; (5), carrying out first advanced concentration treatment on the membrane separated produced water, so as to obtain first advanced concentrated produced water and first advanced concentrated thick water; (6), carrying out first evaporation and crystallization treatment on the first advanced concentrated thick water, so as to obtain a low-valent salt and evaporated liquor condensate; (7), carrying out second advanced concentration treatment on the membrane separated thick water, so as to obtain second advanced concentrated produced water and second advanced concentrated thick water; (8), carrying out second evaporation and crystallization treatment on the second advanced concentrated thick water, so as to obtain a high-valent salt and evaporated liquor condensate. The invention also provides a treatment system for implementing the method.

Desalination is carried out by a hybrid ion exchange-nanofiltration process in which ion exchange is followed by pressure-driven nanofiltration. Monovalent ions of sodium and chloride of saline water are exchanged for equivalent concentrations of poly-valent ions (for example, sodium ions for magnesium ions or chloride ions for sulfate ions) when passed through ion exchangers in the form of those poly-valent ions. The resultant solution has a lower osmotic pressure than the initial solution containing monovalent sodium and chloride ions, and requires less transmembrane pressure for membrane desalination compared to traditional reverse osmosis. The concentrated reject stream from the membrane process is used as regenerant for the exhausted ion exchanger, which has been converted to monovalent anionic or cationic form.

The invention relates to the technical field of nano filtration membrane and preparation thereof, and especially relates to a composite nano filtration membrane with a high selectivity on removing divalent ions and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method is characterized in that a mixedly crosslinking desalination layer and a charged grafted functional layer for enhancing ion selectivity are arranged on a polysulfone porous support layer; through the mixed crosslinking of aromatic amine and aliphatic amine, the molecular crosslinking structure of the desalination layer is adjusted, thus the crosslinking desalination layer has a unique smooth particle accumulation structure, which is better than the structure of a conventional nano filtration membrane desalination layer; and moreover, the introduced charged grafted functional layer enhances the effect of charge density and groups in ion selectivity and ion rejection. So that the sodium chloride desalination rate of the prepared composite nano filtrate membrane is less than 40%, the magnesium chloride desalination rate is more than 97%, the magnesium sulfate desalination rate is more than 98%, the calcium chloride desalination rate is more than 93%; the removal ratio of monovalent ion to divalent ion is high, the monovalent ions and divalent ions can be effectively separated, and the selective removal of divalent ions is improved.

The invention provides a method for preparing a composite nanofiltration membrane by employing an interfacial polymerization process. The method comprises: taking an ultrafilter membrane as a porous supporting layer, selecting cyanuric chloride and / or phosphonitrilic chloride trimer as an oil-phase solute which is subjected to a polymerization reaction with a water-phase solute at the interface of the two phases, controlling the reaction temperature to activate all groups in the reaction monomers, and introducing different active nucleophilic reagents step by step to connect to specific groups, so as to form a membrane selection layer with a loose structure on the surface of the porous supporting layer. Experiments confirm that the composite nanofiltration membrane prepared by utilizing the method is applicable to separation of low-molecular-weight organics and inorganic salts, monovalent ions and divalent ions, and the like; and the composite nanofiltration membrane has the advantage of low operation pressure, helps to effectively save energy consumption and has good application prospect.

The invention relates to a comprehensive treatment process of waste water high in concentration and high in salinity. The process comprises the steps of centralizing the waste water, adding organic flocculant, and sedimentating large particle impurities and a large proportion of suspended matters and floating objects; adding activated carbon absorbent for absorbing organic matters; conducting filtration, removing granular impurities, colloidal substances and suspended matters in water, and then separating monovalent ions and divalent ions in the waste water through first-grade nanofiltration; making water containing the monovalent ions to be subjected to reverse osmosis, and obtaining pure water which can be used as industrial water; making concentrated water to be subjected to electrodialysis for concentrating monovalent salt, and obtaining NaCl accessory substances; making water containing the divalent ions to be subjected to freezing crystallization, conducting the centrifugation, making crystal body sections to be subjected to two-stage membrane electrodialysis, obtaining acid-alkali products, and making a water layer to be subjected to nanofiltration treatment; making the saturated absorbent which absorbs the organic matters to be subjected to dewatering and drying, and conducting the recycling. According to the comprehensive treatment process of the waste water high in concentration and high in salinity, the cost is low, the organic matters and inorganic salt in the waste water can be removed simultaneously and then utilized, energy is saved, and the environment is protected.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a monovalent ion-doped spinel rich-lithium lithium manganate anode material. The preparation method is characterized in that corresponding compounds are respectively weighed according to the mol ratio of lithium to manganese to doping ions of x: y: z, wherein x is greater than or equal to 0.95 and less than or equal to 1.06, y is greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 1.20, and z is greater than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.15. The compound of the doping ions is the compound of sodium or silver. The weighed compounds are mixed together and added with a wet grinding medium to obtain a precursor 1; the precursor 1 is dried to prepare a precursor 2; the precursor 2 is prepared into the doped spinel rich-lithium lithium manganate anode material by a two-stage sintering method. The preparation method provided by the invention is low in raw material cost; the prepared electrode material is even in composition, and has excellent discharge performance, and further lays a good foundation for industrialization.

System and method for purifying and recycling spent brine in a water softener are provided. The system may be made up of a cation exchange resin tank fluidly coupled for passing spent brine comprising monovalent and divalent ions. A fluid mixer valve is coupled to the resin tank and to a water tank to dilute the spent brine to a desired concentration of a regenerant salt, e.g., NaCl. An ion-separation device is fluidly coupled to the fluid mixer valve to receive the diluted spent brine and separate the diluted spent brine into first and second streams. The first of the streams comprises monovalent ions and the second of the streams comprises divalent ions.

Disclosed is a method of extracting lithium from a solution including lithium. The method of extracting lithium from a solution including lithium includes: separating the solution including lithium into a monovalent ion-containing solution and a solution including ions having more than divalence using a separation membrane having a negative charge on its surface; removing impurities from the monovalent ion-containing solution; and precipitating lithium dissolved in the monovalent ion-containing solution into lithium phosphate by adding a phosphorus-supplying material to the monovalent ion-containing solution.

The invention provides a preparation method of a monovalent ion selective composite film based on a template method. The method comprises the following steps of firstly, preparing polycation electrolyte aqueous solution A containing template ions and polyanion electrolyte aqueous solution B for self assembling; secondly, soaking a pretreated basal film in the solution A, flushing after soaking, then soaking the pretreated basal film in the solution B, flushing in the same way to finish two-layer assembling, and repeatedly soaking until the final assembling layers are 2-30; thirdly, placing the composite film in solution of a cross-linking agent to perform crosslinking after the composite film is subjected to self assembling layer by layer; and finally, soaking the prepared composite film by using diluted hydrochloric acid and the like to obtain the monovalent ion selective composite film based on the template method. The monovalent ion selective composite film can be used for conveniently separating monovalent sodium ions and monovalent potassium ions in seawater from polyvalent calcium ions and polyvalent magnesium ions in the seawater, and is stable in separation property and wide in application range.

System and method for purifying and recycling spent brine in a water softener are provided. The system may be made up of a cation exchange resin tank fluidly coupled for passing spent brine comprising monovalent and divalent ions. A fluid mixer valve is coupled to the resin tank and to a water tank to dilute the spent brine to a desired concentration of a regenerant salt, e.g., NaCl. An ion-separation device is fluidly coupled to the fluid mixer valve to receive the diluted spent brine and separate the diluted spent brine into first and second streams. The first of the streams comprises monovalent ions and the second of the streams comprises divalent ions.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a polypyrrole monovalent selective cation exchange membrane in situ. The method comprises the following steps: (1) after an ordinary cation exchange membrane to be modified (white, 50 cm<2>) is immersed into a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.2 mol / L for a period of time, washing an excess acid on the surface by using deionized water; (2) immersing the hydrogen-typed cation exchange membrane into a 2-5wt% pyrrole ethanol solution (200 mL) for 1 min; taking out the membrane, placing the membrane horizontally for more than 2 min; and after ethanol on the surface is completely evaporated, immersing the membrane into an oxidant solution with a certain concentration (such as ferric chloride, ammonium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide, 200 mL) for a period of time, wherein the membrane is black at the moment, and the result proves that the membrane is supported with polypyrrole; and (3) repeating the step (2) for a pluralityof times so as to obtain the polypyrrole selective cation exchange membrane with a plurality of layers. According to the method provided by the invention, the polymerization method of pyrrole is simple and effective, and the modified membrane has uniformly-deposited surface matter and significantly-improved monovalent ion selectivity.

The invention relates to a salt crystallization separation device and process capable of realizing zero emission and discloses a zero-emission treatment method and device for high-salt wastewater. Wastewater is subjected to intensified softening treatment with a tubular microfiltration membrane and then enters a special separation membrane for separation of monovalent ions and divalent ions. Further concentration is performed with a high-pressure reverse osmosis or selective permeable electric ionic membrane according to the properties of materials on a fresh water side and a concentrated water side, and the evaporation system treatment scale and scaling tendency are reduced to the maximum extent. Crystalline salt is obtained by use of a low-temperature normal-pressure crystallizer at an evaporative crystallization section, wastewater and crystalline salt are finally recycled, the investment is saved, the wastewater operation cost is significantly reduced, and zero emission of wastewater can be really realized.

Methods of enhancing recovery of value sulfide or precious minerals from an ore containing Mg-silicate, slime forming minerals, and / or clay by crushing the ore, grinding the ore, and subjecting the ground ore to a flotation process, in conjunction with the addition of at least one monovalent ion modifier enhancing agent and / or froth phase modifier agent to the ore, are provided herein.

The invention provides a treatment method for wastewater produced during flue gas desulfurization adopting a limestone / lime-gypsum method. The treatment method comprises steps as follows: (1), lime, sodium sulfate, a heavy metal precipitant, a flocculating agent and a coagulant are added to to-be-treated desulfurization wastewater, precipitation is performed, and acid is added to effluent for neutralization; (2), the effluent in the step (1) is subjected to electrodialysis treatment through a homogeneous-phase monovalent ion exchange membrane, and contributing water containing NaCl and concentrated water containing CaSO4 are formed and are recycled respectively. The invention further provides a treatment system for the wastewater produced during flue gas desulfurization adopting the limestone / lime-gypsum method. According to the treatment method and the treatment system, zero emission is realized, the process is simple, the treatment efficiency is high, waste recycling is realized, an available industrial product can be directly obtained, the agent cost, the equipment cost and the energy consumption are lower, and accordingly, the overall operation and management cost is obviously lower than the cost of a conventional technology.

The invention provides an ion exchange membrane with the monovalent ion selectivity and a preparing method and application thereof. The ion exchange membrane with the monovalent ion selectivity comprises an ion exchange membrane body and a polyelectrolyte layer deposited on the surface of the ion exchange membrane body. The polyelectrolyte layer is composed by mixing conductive nanometer particles and polyelectrolyte. According to the ion exchange membrane with the monovalent ion selectivity and the preparing method and application thereof, a mixed polyelectrolyte solution is prepared by mixing the conductive nanometer particles and the polyelectrolyte, then the ion exchange membrane body is modified in a layer-by-layer self-assembly mode, and the ion exchange membrane with the monovalent ion selectivity is further prepared. The filming water absorption, the thickness, resistance and the separation selectivity of the ion exchange membrane with the monovalent ion selectivity can be controlled through the deposition layer number, the nanometer particle concentration and solution ion strength, the monovalent ion separation selectivity of the ion exchange membrane is further improved, and the quite-high practicability and broad application prospects are achieved.

Desalination is carried out by a hybrid ion exchange-nanofiltration process in which ion exchange is followed by pressure-driven nanofiltration. Monovalent ions of sodium and chloride of saline water are exchanged for equivalent concentrations of poly-valent ions (for example, sodium ions for magnesium ions or chloride ions for sulfate ions) when passed through ion exchangers in the form of those poly-valent ions. The resultant solution has a lower osmotic pressure than the initial solution containing monovalent sodium and chloride ions, and requires less transmembrane pressure for membrane desalination compared to traditional reverse osmosis. The concentrated reject stream from the membrane process is used as regenerant for the exhausted ion exchanger, which has been converted to monovalent anionic or cationic form.

The invention discloses an impurity removal method for a lepidolite leaching solution. The impurity removal method is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly conducting solid-liquid separation on the leaching solution to bring convenience to suction filtration; conducting separation between monovalent ions and multivalent ions to remove impurities such as Fe, Al, Mn and Mg; preferably, utilizing a ceramic membrane to conduct the solid-liquid separation to the leaching solution to remove the solid impurity from the leaching solution, and then utilizing a nanofiltration membrane to conduct separation between the monovalent ions and the multivalent ions. The impurity removal method disclosed by the invention can lower loss ratio of lithium, rubidium and cesium in the lepidolite leaching solution and meanwhile reduce energy consumption.

The invention provides a preparation method of an antibacterial cellulose flat nanofiltration membrane. An N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide solvent with moisture content of 10%-16%, propyl gallate, a nanometer SiO2 pore-foaming agent, a nanometer TiO2 antibacterial agent (or a nanometer silver antibacterial agent) and cellulose pulp serve as raw materials, and a homogenous and transparent cellulose membrane casting solution is prepared; sequentially an antibacterial porous cellulose membrane is prepared by means of the immersion gel method; afterwards a poly piperazine aqueous solution and an N-hexane organic solution containing trimesoyl chloride are prepared, operation is conducted to make a crosslinking product obtained by polymerization of poly piperazine and trimesoyl chloride uniformly attached to membrane holes and membrane surfaces, and finally the antibacterial cellulose flat nanofiltration membrane is obtained. The whole preparation process is simple, cost is low, the prepared antibacterial cellulose flat nanofiltration membrane can be used for removing multivalent ions, a part of salts with monovalent ions and organics with molecular weight larger than 300, and has the advantages of being high in retention and water flux, selective in adsorption and friendly to the environment.

A homogeneous agglutination immunoassay method wherein a sample possibly containing the analyte to be measured is mixed with a binding partner for the analyte and with at least one chaotropic agent, monovalent ions in form of at least one salt, or with a combination of at least one chaotropic agent and monovalent ions in form of at least one salt, measuring at least one signal related to interactions of the binding partner with the analyte over a reaction time and calculating from at least one of the signals measured the concentration of analyte in the sample.

The invention relates to a system for recovering sodium chloride from high salinity wastewater. The system is composed of a purifying unit, a nano-filtering unit, a reduction unit and an evaporation and crystallization unit. Calcium, magnesium, silicon oxide and matter prone to scaling and COD type organic matter are removed from high salinity wastewater through the purifying unit, the product enters the nano-filtering unit to be separated so that one stream of monovalent ion clear liquid and the other stream of thick liquid can be generated, the thick liquid returns to the purifying unit, monovalent ion clear liquid enters the reduction unit to be further concentrated, recovery water is generated for reuse, obtained concentrated liquid enters the evaporation and crystallization unit to be evaporated and crystallized and separated to obtain industrial sodium chloride, condensate water is reused, and a small amount of discharged mother solution returns to the purifying unit. Sodium chloride and other inorganic salt in high salinity wastewater are effectively separated and recovered, and meanwhile obtained recovered water can completely meet the reuse requirement.

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium production, and particularly relates to a purification and impurity removal method for a lithium chloride mixed solution. The method includes the step that impurity removal is conducted on the high-salinity lithium chloride mixed solution through a nanometer filter to obtain a low-salinity lithium chloride solution, wherein the high-salinity lithium chloride mixed solution is a mixed solution of lithium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride; in the high-salinity lithium chloride mixed solution, the content of lithium ranges from 0 g / L to 55.0 g / L, and the content of calcium and magnesium ranges from 0 g / L to 30 g / L; in the low-salinity lithium chloride solution, the content of lithium ranges from 0 g / L to 55.0 g / L, and the content of calcium and magnesium is smaller than or equal to 5 mg / L; and a nanometer filter membrane in the nanometer filter is a monovalent ion selective nanometer filter membrane. The content of calcium and magnesium in discharged water subjected to impurity removal through the purification and impurity removal method of a salt chlorine-containing system is extremely low, the content of lithium reaches up to saturation, and possibility is provided for obtaining low-calcium and low-magnesium lithium production intermediate fine products by directly processing lithium production intermediate rough products.