The invention discloses a high-strength and high-toughness geopolymer material. The high-strength and high-toughness geopolymer material comprises, by weight, 500-700 parts of silicon-aluminum mineralraw materials, 600-800 parts of an alkali activator, 70-150 parts of a nanoscale efficient modifier, 2-5 parts of super absorbent resin, 2-6 parts of a hybrid fiber, 4-10 parts of a surfactant, 700-1000 parts of fine aggregates and 100-150 parts of deionized water, the silicon-aluminum mineral raw materials comprise 200-300 parts of metakaolin, 150-200 parts of fly ash, 50-100 parts of red mud, 40-60 parts of mineral slag, 40-60 parts of silica fume and 20-40 parts of Portland cement, and the nanoscale efficient modifier comprises 20-50 parts of condensed phosphate, 20-40 parts of nano-silica, 20-40 parts of nano-alumina and 10-20 parts of zeolite. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness geopolymer material. The problems of large earlyself-shrinkage and easy cracking of the geopolymer are solved, and the obtained geopolymer has strong toughness and high strength.