1439results about "Alkali metal chlorides" patented technology

A process and system for purifying water is disclosed. For example, in one embodiment, the process may be used to remove a divalent salt, such as calcium sulfate, from a water source in order to prevent the divalent salt from precipitating during the process. The water source, for instance, may be fed to an ion separating device, such as an electrodialysis device. In the electrodialysis device, an ion exchange takes place between the divalent salt and another salt, such as a monovalent salt to produce two concentrated salt streams that contain salts having greater solubility in water than the divalent salt. In one embodiment, the two salt streams that are produced may then be combined to precipitate the divalent salt in a controlled manner. During the process, various other components contained within the water feed stream may also be removed from the stream and converted into useful products. In one particular embodiment, the process is configured to receive a byproduct stream from a reverse osmosis process.

This invention discloses improvements on previous inventions for catalytic conversion of coal and steam to methane. The disclosed improvements permit conversion of petroleum residua or heavy crude petroleum to methane and carbon dioxide such that nearly all of the heating value of the converted hydrocarbons is recovered as heating value of the product methane. The liquid feed is distributed over a fluidized solid particulate catalyst containing alkali metal and carbon as petroleum coke at elevated temperature and pressure from the lower stage and transported to the upper stage of a two-stage reactor. Particulate solids containing carbon and alkali metal are circulated between the two stages. Superheated steam and recycled hydrogen and carbon monoxide are fed to the lower stage, fluidizing the particulate solids and gasifying some of the carbon. The gas phase from the lower stage passes through the upper stage, completing the reaction of the gas phase.

The invention discloses a method and device for utilizing sewage containing ammonia and sodium. The method comprises the steps of deamination reaction, denitrification reaction, gas-liquid separation, triple-effect multistage evaporation, evaprative crystallization and freezing crystallization, electrodialysis and sodium filteration membrane, and concentration of reverse osmosis membrane, so that distilled water and membrane deion pure water are recovered, and the resource utilization of sole sodium chloride and sodium sulfate is realized.

A desalination plant for treating a sea water or brackish water feed is provided. The desalination plant includes a first treatment section to effectively remove scaling species, the first treatment section including nanofiltration section, the nanofiltration section including at least two stages and at least two passes; and a reverse osmosis section that operates at high recovery to produce a purified permeate stream and a selectively NaCl salt-enriched reject stream as a saline output.

Methods for the production of shaped nanoscale-to-microscale structures, wherein a nanoscale-to-microscale template is provided having an original chemical composition and an original shape, and the nanoscale-to-microscale template subjected to a chemical reaction, so as to partially or completely convert the nanoscale-to-microscale template into the shaped nanoscale-to-microscale structure having a chemical composition different than the original chemical composition and having substantially the same shape as the original shape, being a scaled version of the original shape. The shaped nanoscale-to-microscale structure formed comprises an element (such as silicon), a metallic alloy (such as a silicon alloy), or a non-oxide compound (such as silicon carbide or silicon nitride).

In the methods for treatment of caustic effluents described in the specification, a spent caustic refinery effluent is supplied to a submerged combustion gas evaporator in which hot combustion gas containing carbon dioxide is injected into the caustic liquid to concentrate the liquid and convert a hydroxide constituent to a carbonate. Where the caustic effluent is from a petroleum refinery, oil in the waste liquid is separated from the aqueous constituent before, during or after concentration.

The invention discloses an industrial application of an MVR (mechanical vapor recompression) crystallizing evaporator technology in the production of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride in Huaian, Jiangsu, and relates to an improvement of a salt and sodium sulfate coproduction evaporation technology, belonging to the technical field of chemical three-waste treatment and utilization, and in particular to an application of an MVR crystallizing evaporator in a sodium sulfate and sodium chloride separation technology. The application is mainly technically characterized in that sodium sulfate liquid is concentrated by the MVR crystallizing evaporator, the sodium sulfate is produced at high temperature, and the sodium chloride is produced at low temperature. According to the invention, the mechanical re-compressed vapor is evaporated, concentrated and crystallized at 90-100 DEG C to obtain sodium sulfate, and the re-compressed vapor at a low temperature of 55 DEG C is concentrated and crystallized to obtain sodium chloride. According to the invention, the application of the MVR technology to the concentration of sodium sulfate liquid is realized, the sodium sulfate is produced at high temperature, and sodium chloride is produced at low temperature. The application disclosed by the invention is an environmental protection project which saves energy, reduces emission and avoids waste gas, waste water and waste residue.

The invention relates to a process method for recovering ammonium chloride and sodium chloride from waste water containing the ammonium chloride and the sodium chloride, which produces the ammonium chloride and the sodium chloride by using mother solution which is generated in a process for producing sodium bicarbonate by natural bittern double decomposition reaction and contains the ammonium chloride and the sodium chloride as raw materials. The method adopts ammonium still, evaporation, crystallization and separation process to treat, wherein the evaporation adopts multiple-effect, a heat pump and a vacuum evaporation process, and selects a falling film evaporator and a forced circulation type evaporator to perform triple-effect mixed-flow procedure, so that sodium chloride is crystallized and separated in the evaporation; and the ammonium chloride is crystallized and separated by cooling after the evaporation. The method effectively reduces the operation temperature of the equipment, can repeatedly use secondary steam and condensed water, reduces erosion of the ammonium chloride solution to the equipment, saves the energy, reduces the cost, improves the production efficiency, and reduces environmental pollution.

The invention provides a brine purification technical method which comprises that: a first step is that limewater is added into brine so that reaction happens to calcium hydroxide in the limewater and magnesian ion in the brine to generate magnesium hydrate sedimentation, the magnesian ion in the brine is removed, excessive calcium hydroxide is used for causticizing the sodium sulfate in the brine into sodium hydroxide; a second step is that flue gas is put into the brine after the magnesian ion is removed for carrying out reaction between carbon dioxide in the flue gas and the sodium hydroxide causticized in the brine to generate sodium carbonate which reacts with calcium ion in the brine to generate calcium carbonate sedimentation, the calcium ion in the brine is removed; a third step is that slurry produced in the first step and the second step is collected; and a fourth step is that refined brine after being treated by the first step and the second step is recycled. The technical method can reduce the pollution to environment, can save energy, and can reduce the consumption of raw brine and the purification cost of the brine at the same time, thereby conforming to the requirements of the strategy of sustainable development.

Processes comprising: (a) reacting phosgene and a monohydroxyl aryl compound in the presence of a suitable catalyst to form a diaryl carbonate and a solution comprising an alkali chloride; (b) separating the diaryl carbonate from the solution; (c) adjusting the pH of the solution to a value of less than or equal to 8 to form a pH-adjusted solution; (d) treating the pH-adjusted solution with an adsorbent to form a treated solution; (e) subjecting at least a portion of the treated solution to electrochemical oxidation to form chlorine and an alkali hydroxide solution; and (f) recycling at least a portion of one or both of the chlorine and the alkali hydroxide solution.

The invention relates to a chemical industrial waste salt refining process which comprises the following steps: pretreating high salt wastewater generated in the production process of aminobenzene ether and p-nitrophenol so as to adjust the pH value, adsorbing by using activated carbon, kieselguhr or macroporous resin, removing organisms and organic salts in the wastewater, reducing the COD of the wastewater, neutralizing the high salt wastewater, performing multi-effect evaporation or mechanical recompression so as to evaporate and crystallize, and centrifuging a solid salt; performing high-temperature calcination on the centrifuged solid salt in a rotary kiln or a tunnel kiln, thereby decomposing and oxidizing the organisms at a high temperature, further thoroughly combusting the tail gas generated through calcination in a heat accumulation type tail gas combustion furnace, preheating and recycling the tail gas, performing spraying absorption, dissolving the calcinated salt with water so as to prepare a saturated solution, filtering by using a precise filter, directly supplying the filtrate to ionic membrane caustic soda for use, or performing multi-effect evaporation or mechanical recompression on the filtered saturated salt water so as to evaporate, crystallize and purify, and performing centrifugation, thereby obtaining high-quality solid sodium chloride.

The invention relates to a crystallization treatment method and device of high salt wastewater and belongs to the technical field of water treatment. The method is characterized in that after sodium sulfate concentrated water is treated by a freezing crystallization system, generated mother liquor A enters into an MVR system for evaporative crystallization; after sodium chloride concentrated water is treated by the MVR system, generated mother liquor B enters into a freezing crystallization system for freezing crystallization, and the mother liquor can be treated in a circulation overlapping manner; a drain outlet of the MVR system of the device is connected with a liquid inlet of a crystallization tank in the freezing crystallization system through a pipeline and the drain outlet of the freezing crystallization system is connected with a liquid inlet pipe of the MVR evaporative crystallization system. The method has the advantages that the mother liquor is treated by a freezing crystallization technology and an MVR evaporation crystallization technology in a circulation overlapping manner, so that the problems of zero emission and resource utilization are solved, and therefore, the energy consumption is effectively reduced and the operating cost is lowered.

Zero discharge processing methods for the treatment of agricultural drainage water (ADW) are disclosed. The disclosed methods are capable of meeting the three critical issues in treating ADW: (1) selective removal of sulfate scale-prone species and toxic species; (2) production of usable water that at least meets irrigation water quality; and (3) recovery of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride as valuable commodities.

The invention relates to a process for production of diaryl carbonate combined with the electrolysis of the resultant alkali metal chloride-containing process wastewater. The process according to the invention makes possible, inter alia, improved utilization in electrolysis of the alkali metal chloride-containing solution obtained in the production of diaryl carbonate.

An automated salt dispensing system operating in conjunction with an at least one salt chlorine generator with a controller, an at least one water supply pipe with an at least one inflow and an at least one outflow, an at least one water diversion pipe, an at least one actuator in communication with the controller and controlling a control valve, said control valve being coupled to said at least one water supply and said at least one diversion pipe and diverting water into said water diversion pipe. The invention further includes an at least one brine solution holding tank; and an at least one pressure differential device, wherein the at least one brine solution holding tank is coupled to said at least one pressure differential device and the controller signals the actuator and the control valve diverts water from the water supply pipe into the water diversion pipe and the at least pressure differential device draws brine solution from an at least one brine solution holding tank into the water supply line.

The invention discloses a membrane-process integration salt recovering and biochemical processing method for waste water from high-salinity epoxy resin production, purifying and splitting waste water, i.e. processing the washing waste waters of different salinities and concentrations, respectively: concentrating little amounts of waste water with high salinity and high concentration by membrance distillation integration technique and screening out salt; preprocessing large amounts of rinsing waste water with low salinity and low concentration of organic matters and then processing in a two-stage biochemical processing system, to meet the specified effluent standard. And it largely solves the problem of serious inhibition of high-salinity organic waste water to the biotreatment and adopts salt recovering and water recycling processes, and large amounts of waste heat can serve as a heat source of membrane distillation and the afterheat of the waste water can be used by the membrane distillation.

The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization method for bittern, which belongs to the technical field of salt chemical engineering. The bittern is a liquid mineral product, and is rich in multiple elements such as potassium, sodium, lithium, boron, bromine, iodine and the like; and at present, in the prior domestic bittern development and utilization, some simple components or components with high additional value in the elements are extracted, and the un-extracted components are discharged along with old bittern to be abandoned so as to cause serious waste of resources and pollute the environment. Through reasonable combination of processes of removing H2S from the bittern, settling magnesium, settling calcium and preparing calcium carbonate, preparing potassium-sodium mixed saltthrough primary salt preparation and secondary salt preparation, extracting potassium chloride through flotation, extracting boron, iodine, bromine, rubidium and cesium through acidification, preparing rubidium chloride and cesium chloride, extracting lithium and the like, the method implements step-by-step ordered extraction of main components; the toil yield of several main components reaches over 95 percent; and the method has the advantages of mutually exclusive loss in component extraction, implementation of closed cycle of processes, no mother liquor discharge, simple process control, low cost, high yield, environmental protection and the like.

The invention provides an energy-saving evaporation treatment process of high-salinity wastewater. The energy-saving evaporation treatment process comprises an evaporating system, a concentrating system, a drying system and a heat circulating system. Grading preheating, heating evaporation, adsorption purification, concentration, adsorption purification and high-temperature drying are successively carried out on the high-salinity wastewater treated by a wastewater treatment system to obtain the finished product of inorganic salt, heat exhausted in the evaporation, concentration and drying processes is recycled, and wastewater is discharged. By adopting the technical scheme, wastewater discharged finally meets the national industrial wastewater discharge standard, the purity of the obtained inorganic salt is as high as 99.3%, and the energy-saving effect is remarkable.

The invention discloses a process of advanced treatment of brine, which is characterized by pretreating brine to enable the concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+ and SS to be smaller than 1.0mg/L, then adjusting the pH value of the brine to 5.0-9.0 and filtering by using a filtering unit of nano filter films. In the process of treatment of brine, multivalent ions and Na2SO4 are separated from saline water by employing the nano filter films, wherein the saline water with high concentration of Na2SO4 is used to produce solid NaCl and Na2SO4, and refined brine with low concentration of Na2SO4 is directly supplied for chlor-alkali plants to use. Then Na2SO4 can be recycled as a resource without consuming BaCl2, brine purification systems are saved, and affection of Ba2+ upon ionic membranes is eliminated.

A system and a method for depositing films of a multi-component material by MOCVD utilizes a flash evaporator for providing vaporized reactant material at a high flow rate. The high flow rate enables film deposition to occur at a higher deposition rate that what is possible with conventional MOCVD systems. The system may be a single-chamber system or part of a multiple-chamber system. The multiple-chamber system allows multi-layer structures to be deposited and/or processed in situ.

This invention provides a sea-water desalination combination production technology, which is of multi utilization, high efficiency, and zero release. It is primary to obtain salt, secondary to get water, implement multi utilization. Production method can be arranged to concentrate first for extracting salt and second desalinate for extracting water (it can first desalinate for extracting water and second concentrate for extracting). Implement salt water purification by salt water fore treatment, extract seaweed from it, concentrate and extract purified salt water, extract pure saturated brine of which salt concentration achieves 26%-28% (average salt concentration of salt water untreated water is 3.5%), process salinification product with saturated brine, implement integrated usage; desalinate remaining saline water, extract fresh water which achieves drinking standard and of which salinity is lower than 500mg/, increase salt concentration of another saline water to 3.5% (the same as salt water untreated water), circulate to use, not valley, implement zero release; This invention reclaims all of remaining energy and waste heat. It provides cheap and eternal fresh water resource for people and society.

The invention relates to a method for producing potassium chloride by using electric precipitator dust of a sintering process of a steel plant, which belongs to a production technology of potassium salt. Under room temperature, tap water is adopted and is leached by adding appropriate SDD under the condition that liquid-solid ratio is 2/1 to 1/1; the leaching rate can be up to 95 to 99.5 percent. Filter residue after filtration is returned to the sintering process after drying; leaching liquid is heated and concentrated to 3/5 to 4/5 of original volume; product of the potassium chloride and sodium chloride is slowly cooled and fractionally crystallized; purity can be up to 95 to 98 percent; total concentration of calcium and magnesium is 0.4 to 3 percent. Crystallization mother liquor is returned for leaching the precipitator dust. The method for producing the potassium chloride by using the electric precipitator dust has simple and easy process, little energy consumption, without wastewater discharged; at the same time, the method makes up current situation of shortage of potassium recourse in our country to a great extend and avoids that vicious circle of alkali metal affects normal proceeding of the sintering process of steel industry.

The invention discloses a high-grade potassium chloride production system and a method thereof. The system comprises a raw ore screening and concentrating system, a size mixing system, a floatation system, a low sodium concentration and dehalogenation system, a cold crystallization and thick potassium screening system, a thick potassium concentration and dehalogenation system, a refined potassium washing and dehalogenation system, a piling and filtering storage stock ground system, a breaking and conveying system and a drying cooling, packing, stacking and line crossing conveying system, and all the systems are sequentially connected and are arranged in a three-dimensional mode. Materials enter a next system in a self-flowing mode. An automatic dosing, automatic water adding and dehalogenation device is adopted, a spiral screen type centrifugal machine is used for replacing a horizontal belt type filter, and other technology improvements are adopted, so that the potassium chloride grade is improved to 98 percent from 95 percent, the piling and filtering technology is adopted in the system so that the natural gas using amount can be saved, production operation is convenient, and equipment operation is stable.

The invention relates to a method for preparing industrial salt with coal chemical strong brine, particularly to a method for preparing the industrial salt through separation, evaporation and crystallization of the coal chemical strong brine, and aims to solve the problems that secondary pollution exists and resources are not recycled in existing coal chemical strong brine treatment processes. The method comprises the steps as follows: 1, adding lime milk, a coagulant and a magnesium agent into the coal chemical strong brine, and feeding the coal chemical strong brine into a clarifying tank or a coagulative precipitation tank for chemical precipitation treatment; 2, adjusting the pH; 3, performing ultra-filtration treatment; 4, performing nano-filtration treatment; 5, performing single-effect evaporating crystallization or quadruple-effect evaporating crystallization to obtain the industrial salt. The method is used for treating the coal chemical strong brine and preparing the industrial salt from the coal chemical strong brine.

The invention relates to a salt, alkali and calcium combined cycle production technology by the use of well mineral salt. Based on the exploitation of brine from well mineral salt, the salt, alkali and calcium combined cycle production technology by the use of well mineral salt is a cycle production technology, which focuses on the technology for making alkali from brine by the ammonia-soda process and takes account of the vacuum salt-making (including the brine refinement) and calcium-making technologies. Alkali-making wastewater replaces most fresh water to be injected into a salt mine well to collect brine, and the obtained high-calcium brine is taken as the raw material of the salt and calcium (including liquid calcium) co-production as well as the raw material for preparing alkali and other chemical production raw materials, wherein the liquid calcium can be used to produce liquid salt; alkali-making waste residues are injected into an underground dissolution cavern, namely a salt cavern which is formed by the exploitation of brine from well mineral salt, thus accomplishing the combined cycle production technology in which alkali-making and salt-making technologies are closely related with materials. The produced wastes are used as resources or undergo a harmless treatment, thus protecting the environment. In addition, the utilization rate of sodium chloride in rock salt reaches 100%, achieving maximum efficiency.

A method for treating low barium frac water includes contacting a frac water stream with a radium selective complexing resin to produce a low radium stream, passing the low radium stream through a thermal brine concentrator to produce a concentrated brine; and passing the concentrated brine through a thermal crystallizer to yield road salt.

It is aimed at providing an oxynitride powder, which is suitable for usage as a phosphor, is free from coloration due to contamination of impurities, and mainly includes a fine α-sialon powder. An oxynitride powder is produced by applying a heat treatment in a reducing and nitriding atmosphere, to a precursor compound including at least constituent elements M, Si, Al, and O (where M is one element or mixed two or more elements selected from Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), thereby decreasing an oxygen content and increasing a nitrogen content of the precursor.

The invention relates to a technique for desalting sea water, making salt and comprehensively using by-products thereof by utilizing wind energy, solar energy and heat pump technologies, the main procedures comprise desalting sea water, air-blowing bromine, removing impurities for clarification, heating solar pond and storing halogen, evaporating for concentration, compressing and crystallizing for salt making, brine chemical engineering, etc. the invention desalts sea water, makes salt and comprehensively uses by-products thereof by utilizing wind energy, solar energy and heat pump technologies, organically combines sea water desalting, salt making and comprehensive use of dregs and waste liquor, takes wind energy, solar energy and other renewable energy resources as main energy sources, changes sea salt production from drying on beach in the open air manually to mechanized and automated operation, puts an end to the backward state of sea salt enterprises, can save energy consumption and reduce pollution, can save investment by about 50% and occupied area by 95%, not only lowers production cost, but also recovers 35m<2> of fresh water by producing one ton of salt, thus protecting fresh water resource.

The invention relates to a method for preparing high-purity lithium carbonate and other available byproducts from salt lake brine. The method comprises the following steps: (1) separating potassium and sodium by exposing salt in a salt field, (2) separating boron by an acidification method, (3) separating magnesium by a sedimentation method, (4) separating calcium by the sedimentation method, (5) preparing lithium chloride, and (6) preparing the lithium carbonate. The preparation method of the invention can purify the potassium, sodium, boron, magnesium and calcium ions respectively besides obtaining the lithium carbonate product of which the purity is over 99.5 percent so as to fully utilize the salt lake brine resource.

The invention discloses an art method and corresponding device for reclaiming and utilizing the industry waste salt within some easy volatile or dissociated organic impurity such as amine, phenols and ether. The harmful impurities such as amine, phenols and ether in the industrial waste can be thermal dissociated or volatilized using the multiple-layers disk heating-furnace with the heating arrangement and the corresponding art process, to reach the requirement of industrial salt. This method provides a effective approach for reclaiming and utilizing the industry waste salt within some easy volatile or dissociated organic impurity such as amine, phenols and ether.